统一结构的发明思想USIT——TRIZ的一种新模式

介绍了TRIZ理论的发展和TRIZ在现代化进程中的统一结构的发明思想USIT。通过比较TRIZ与USIT 在内容上的相关性及其解决问题的各个阶段,阐述了USIT模式的主要内容,即对象复数法、属性维数法、功能分配法、 组合解决法和概括解决法。     

基于混合多属性决策的TRIZ集成创新方法评价

从TRIZ集成创新方法分析和解决矛盾问题的角度,结合TRIZ理论的39个工程参数,构建了TRIZ集成创新方法的综合评价指标。对区间数相离度和可能度偏差最大化多属性决策的方法进行了改进,将区间型数据与精确型数据相统一,建立了混合数据指标的评价模型,并说明了算法步骤,解决了TRIZ集成创新方法的混合多属性评价与决策问题。通过算例说明了混合多属性决策在产品设计创新方法中的评价与选择过程。     

创新方法"TRIZ"在德国的理论研究和应用

1.TRIZ体系简介(1)TRIZ的理论基础①对创新规律的基本认识TRIZ翻译成德文是Theoriedes erfinderischen Problemlsens,意为"发明问题解决理论"。前苏联科学家阿苏尔在对20万个发     

基于TRIZ理论的企业流程再造实施模型研究

企业流程再造理论(BPR)是与传统的分工思想相对立的合工管理思想,曾倍受国内外企业推崇与推广。发明问题解决理论(TRIZ)是一种产品创新理论,适用于企业流程再造,并在再造原则与创新逻辑框架、方法与工具、再造评价与控制等方面支持BPR。通过首次引入TRIZ,并结合企业战略、供应链理论提出了BPR的推进模式,重点研究了利用TRIZ再造企业关键流程、组织结构和企业文化的模型。     

论资本的二维属性

文章提出资本的二维属性并对资本的第一维属性"财货"和资本的第二维属性"增值索取权"进行了分析。运用资本的二维属性统一了马克思的资本和西方经济学的资本,消除了西方经济学资本理论体系的逻辑悖论,消除了对马克思资本理论体系的一些疑问。     

发明问题解决理论与可拓学的比较研究

从矛盾分类、研究对象、理论基础、方法体系等方面比较了TRIZ与可拓学的差异,通过对比两者的哲学思想,以及基元理论与物质一场理论、40条创新原理与可拓推理,分析了TRIZ与可拓学的内在联系。     

环境规制对中国制造业创新转型发展的影响

首先分析了环境规制对制造业创新转型能力的影响机制。分析表明,环境规制的实施对企业理论技术创新的影响具有"正负双重效应",而且其发挥效应的大小还与行业污染强度存在密切联系。同时,理论创新成果数量、企业自身污染属性和技术转化难度成为环境规制推动企业将理论创新成果转化为产品创新能力的约束条件。在此基础上,构建了一个环境规制对我国制造业创新转型升级影响效应的计量分析模型,并采用2005—2014年我国制造业大中型企业的行业面板数据进行实证分析,得出了以下主要结论:(1)实行更加严格的环境规制对推动我国制造业的创新转型必然具有显著的"激励"效应。(2)环境规制对我国制造业创新转型的推动作用与制造业自身的污染属性以及其所处的创新转型阶段密切相关。(3)目前环境规制对推动我国制造业转型升级成功的"合力效应"尚不明显。     

萃思学(TRIZ)及其推广应用问题探析

萃思学(TRIZ)是迄今为止最为系统、强大和实用的创新理论与方法体系。在概述萃思学发展历程、学科属性、体系结构与创新技术流程的基础上,重点讨论了萃思学推广应用过程中遇到的5个基本问题。只有成功地解决了这些问题,才能顺利地推进萃思学的推广应用,进而产生显著的经济与社会效益。     

TRIZ理论在美国(上)

本文较全面地介绍了TRIZ理论及在美国的推广应用情况(TRIZ软件).同时,还介绍了美国现存广泛用于设计和开发的管理方法"质量职责调度法(Quality Function Deployment,QFD)",以及两种方法在技术创新中的联合运用.     

基于TRIZ理想化方法的环保产业发展路径优化研究

文章在分析TRIZ理想化方法与环保产业发展路径的基础上,将TRIZ理论应用于环保产业,提出了一种新的研究方法.此方法包括理想化水平的评价模型、TRIZ的帕累托最优与改进 (优化原则)、环保产业发展路径优化思路、步骤,可以为相关研究者提供借鉴.     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Solidified Branding Function: How the Urban Brand Affects a Small Town’s Development? Case Study of Wangqingtuo,Tianjin, China

Chinese small towns are usually developed with single core industry,and the urban brand is the identity of a town that formed with the development of its indust...     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

Neurally reconstructing expected utility

While the concept of “expected utility” informs many theories of decision making, little is known about whether and how the human brain might compute this quantity. This article reviews a series of functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) experiments designed to localize brain regions that respond in anticipation of increasing amounts of monetary incentives. These studies collectively suggest that anticipation of increasing monetary gains activates a subcortical region of the ventral striatum in a magnitude-proportional manner. This ventral striatal activation is not evident during anticipation of losses. Actual gain outcomes instead activate a region of the mesial prefrontal cortex. During anticipation of gain, ventral striatal activation is accompanied by feelings characterized by increasing arousal and positive valence. These findings affirm the role of emotion in the anticipation of incentives, and may provide an initial step towards a neural reconstruction of expected utility.