Mobile communications in China: levels of technological dynamism

This paper examines the technological capability of the Chinese mobile communications sector. First, a framework is established to measure static and dynamic capabilities at the service operator level. Using this framework, two service operators, China Mobile and China Unicom, were tested. Four key factors (the regulatory system, home demand, levels of competition and the corporate governance system) are explored through discussion with government organisations, research institutes and the two service operators – all influence the development of operators’ dynamic capabilities. The research suggests that the mobile communications industry in China has devoted considerable resources and effort to developing static capabilities. However, dynamic capabilities are impeded by an inadequate regulatory system, insufficient competition, unsophisticated home demand and an ineffective corporate governance system.     

高新技术企业间知识治理对协同创新绩效的影响

知识治理是知识管理理论发展的新阶段，在动态复杂的创新环境下，知识治理与创新的关系已成为学术界关注的热点话题。对高新技术企业进行问卷调查，探讨知识治理对协同创新绩效的影响并采用有调节的中介效应模型，分析知识转移和制度环境在其中的作用机制。结果表明，正式知识治理与非正式知识治理均会对知识转移产生正向影响；知识转移在知识治理与协同创新绩效关系中存在完全中介效应，即知识治理对协同创新绩效的正向效应是通过知识转移实现的；制度环境正向调节知识转移对协同创新绩效的影响，即在良好的制度环境下，知识转移的中介作用更强。     

国有上市公司治理转型、治理要素提炼与公司绩效

国有企业的公司治理改革呈现出由传统的行政型治理向经济型治理演进转型的过程。选取2005-2009年持续经营的国有上市公司为样本,构建了行政型治理指数;进而对行政型治理与公司绩效的关系从不同维度进行了分析。研究结果显示,行政型治理度对公司绩效产生负面影响。其中,国有股权集中度是行政型治理“负效应”的“主要贡献者”;而政府经营政治化、高管人员的政治联系则在一定程度上有利于公司绩效的提升;最后,揭示了行政型治理对公司绩效的作用路径,行政型治理度越强,资产利用效率越低,进而影响到公司绩效的提升。相关结论有利于政府作为公司重要外部监管力量来界定监管和干预的边界;为探索党组织嵌入公司治理的有效途径提供了一定的理论基础。     

Lessons from Environmental Regulation for the Nonprofit Sector

As the third sector's economic and social impact grows worldwide, efforts by governments to regulate the sector have focused on increasing compliance in tax–exempt organizations. This article turns to the environmental sector for guidance, summarizing key characteristics of environmental regulation and noting what strategies are likely to prove useful for application to regulation of nonprofit organizations. The article finds some value in promotion of market–based enforcement schemes, but little value in promulgation of laws specifying governance structures and performance standards by a central authority. The most promising opportunity for improvement of the nonprofit regulatory process involves incorporation of financial incentives into monitoring schemes.     

专精特新企业数字化转型与创新绩效的关系研究

创新是企业实现高质量发展的必经之路,数字经济背景下,企业数字化转型势在必行。基于动态能力理论,以2015-2020年国家级专精特新上市企业为研究对象,探究数字化转型与专精特新企业创新绩效的关系,并从企业外部治理因素（供应链集中度）和内部治理因素（高管研发背景）两方面探析二者关系的作用机制。研究发现：数字化转型显著正向促进专精特新企业创新绩效;企业外部治理因素（供应链集中度）对数字化转型与创新绩效的关系存在负向调节作用;企业内部治理因素（高管研发背景）对数字化转型与创新绩效关系的调节作用呈倒U型。进一步地,高管研发背景对创新绩效的影响也呈倒U型;数字化转型与高管研发背景对创新绩效的促进作用存在一定程度的替代效应。结论丰富了企业数字化转型的经济后果研究,拓展了创新绩效前因研究的理论基础,可为专精特新企业进行数字化转型,提高创新绩效,从而促进其高质量发展提供经验证据和启示。     

Budget support to the health sector—The right choice for strong institutions? Evidence from panel data

This article examines the relationship of sector budget support to the health sector and the infant mortality rate for developing countries. Project-type interventions have been widely used in developing countries in the past decades. These smaller-scale interventions often did not bring the results that the donors would have wanted, at least on a macro level. At the beginning of the millennium, forums on aid effectiveness proposed new principles to increase the effectiveness of aid. Many scholars agreed that one of the answers would be budget support. This article tries to answer whether budget support is the efficient aid modality in countries with strong institutions. In the baseline scenario, a panel data analysis is applied, which includes 113 countries between 2010 and 2018. This dynamic linear panel model is estimated by using ordinary least squares (OLS) and system generalized method of moments (GMM). Health sector aid, in general, has a significant and negative effect on the infant mortality rate in the average country. Sector budget support is insignificant in the baseline estimation and when interacted with a governance variable. In contrast, project-type interventions exhibit significant and negative effects on the outcome variable. The results indicate that sector budget support might not be the superior choice among the aid modalities in the health sector, even in countries with good governance.     

核心企业治理能力对模块化组织价值创新的影响

模块化组织中核心企业治理能力直接关系到组织价值创新绩效。构建了核心企业治理能力影响模块化组织价值创新的概念模型,并将环境动态性作为调节变量引入该模型。基于268家以模块化方式运行的样本企业数据开展实证研究发现：核心企业治理能力所包含的系统设计能力、合作主导能力、关系协调能力和知识重构能力均对模块化组织价值创新产生了正向影响。其中,系统设计能力对组织价值创新的促进作用最大,其它依次为关系协调能力、知识重构能力和合作主导能力;在环境动态性的调节作用下,核心企业关系协调能力和知识重构能力会增强对组织价值创新的正向影响,而系统设计能力和合作主导能力会削弱对组织价值创新的正向影响。     

社会责任行为、制度环境与企业国际竞争力

企业国际竞争力是企业管理领域的热点话题,本文对于社会责任行为与企业国际竞争力的关系机理及制度环境调节效应展开研究.以我国A股上市公司2010—2019年数据为研究样本,实证分析社会责任行为对企业国际竞争力的动态影响.研究表明,社会责任信息披露对企业国际竞争力的影响存在时滞性,发布社会责任报告短期内对企业国际竞争力无明显影响,长期则可以提升企业国际竞争力;社会责任表现具有时效性,良好的社会责任绩效对于滞后一期的企业国际竞争力具有显著的提升效应;进一步研究发现,制度环境对于企业社会责任动态影响企业国际竞争力具有正向调节作用.研究结论对中国企业国际竞争力的培育和提高具有借鉴意义.     

中国区域低碳竞争力的政治经济学分析：理论与实证

如何正确认识我国各区域低碳竞争力的影响因素以及政府力量在区域低碳经济发展过程中扮演的角色,对于区域经济的可持续发展具有十分重要的意义。文章在马克思价值理论框架下构建了一个区域低碳竞争力模型,以此探讨导致中国区域低碳竞争力差异的影响机制,并利用2000-2012年中国30个省市的面板数据对其进行检验,重点考察了两种不同的政府环境治理模式影响区域低碳竞争力的绩效差异。研究表明：(1)区域低碳竞争力可分解为传统要素禀赋效应、政府治理效应、技术进步效应和产业内部结构效应,其中,政府治理和技术进步对区域低碳竞争力具有正向影响,产业内部结构对区域低碳竞争力具有负向影响,而传统要素禀赋效应的影响方向并不确定,这取决于资本投入规模、人力资本及资本有机构成之间形成的动态互动关系。(2)由于政府的环保投资支持政策具有时滞性和累积性,因此基于行政监管的政府环境治理模式在控制生产性排放污染和提高区域低碳竞争力方面的绩效要略优于基于政府环保投资支持的环境治理模式。(3)政府环境治理在影响区域低碳竞争力方面的总体绩效要弱于传统要素和产业内部结构的影响。因此,“既加大投资治污力度,又加强环境管制”的双管齐下治理模式应该是各地方政府提高环境治理绩效、引导绿色发展的重要选择。     

The role of the government in financial sector development

This study examines the impact of two dimensions of the government, namely, size and quality, on two dimensions of the financial sector, size and efficiency, in a cross section of 71 economies. The study finds that increased quality of the government as measured by governance and legal origin positively influences both financial sector size and efficiency. The size of the government proxied by government expenditure and the government ownership of banks has a negative effect on financial sector efficiency, and a positive impact on financial sector size, particularly in the low income economies.     

The Role of Foreign Capital in the Banking Sector of Korea and Its Implications for Developing Countries

The entry of foreign capital marked a significant change in the Korean banking sector. It played a critical role in transforming insolvent banks into profit-making banks. The acquisition of domestic banks by foreign private equity funds restructured the management by changing the corporate governance and pursuing result-oriented policies, while it had a negative impact on the national economy in general. Korea’s experience shows that the role of foreign private equity funds in the domestic banking sector needs to be evaluated from the perspective of both the performance of each bank and its effect on the national economy.     

核心企业治理机制对模块化网络创新绩效的影响——知识转移的中介作用

从知识转移视角提出核心企业不同治理机制对模块化网络创新绩效影响的概念模型与研究假设。结合268家以模块化方式运行的样本企业调研数据，运用层次回归分析法进行实证检验。结果发现：核心企业规则治理机制、合同治理机制和关系治理机制对模块化网络创新绩效均有显著正向影响，其中，规则治理机制的影响最为显著;显性知识转移在规则治理机制、合同治理机制与模块化网络创新绩效之间发挥完全中介作用;隐性知识转移在关系治理机制与模块化网络创新绩效之间发挥部分中介作用。研究结论可为核心企业更好地管理和运用模块化创新网络提供理论指导。     

高管团队认知交互与创新绩效的关系：有调节的中介效应检验

在高度不确定的外部环境下，提高创新能力成为高技术企业增强竞争力的重要战略方向。既有关于不同认知层面与行为或绩效关系的研究，忽视了对动态环境下团队认知交互作用机制的思考。从认知视角出发，探讨了动态能力在高管团队认知交互与创新绩效间的中介作用、动态环境对动态能力与创新绩效关系的调节作用，以及动态环境对上述中介作用的调节效应。以长三角地区335家IT企业为研究样本，研究发现：①高管团队认知交互与创新绩效有正相关关系；②动态能力在高管团队认知交互与创新绩效之间具有中介作用；③环境动态性对动态能力与创新绩效的关系有正向调节作用；④环境动态性强化了上述中介作用。     

Competition and ownership structure: Substitutes or complements? Evidence from the Warsaw Stock Exchange

In this paper we analyse the impact of product market competition and ownership structure on firm performance. Our results show that product market competition has a positive and significant impact on performance. Concerning the effect of ownership concentration, we find a U–shaped relationship with performance. Firms with relatively dispersed and relatively concentrated ownership have higher productivity growth than firms with an intermediate level of ownership concentration. This correlation between concentration of ownership and productivity growth is not explained by the type of the controlling shareholder. Finally, product market competition and good governance tend to reinforce each other rather than to be substitutes. Competition has no significant effect on performance for the firms with ‘poor’ governance; on the contrary, it has a significant positive effect in the case of firms with ‘good’ corporate governance. JEL classification: D24, G32, L1, P2.     

新就业形态下孵化网络知识治理对创新孵化绩效的影响

知识是创新孵化的关键要素。结合知识基础理论与组织学习理论,着重分析孵化网络知识治理对创新孵化绩效的影响。研究发现：孵化网络知识治理包含正式知识治理与非正式知识治理,均对孵化创新绩效有正向影响,其中,在孵企业的获得式学习发挥了中介作用;创业警觉不仅正向调节获得式学习和创新孵化绩效的关系,而且调节获得式学习的中介效应。研究结论部分解释了在孵企业存在差异化创新孵化效果的内在原因,有助于指导孵化器实施孵化网络知识治理,激发在孵企业获得式学习行为,提升创新孵化绩效。     

THE GOVERNANCE CHALLENGES OF SOCIAL ENTERPRISES: EVIDENCE FROM A UK EMPIRICAL STUDY

ABSTRACT:  The social enterprise sector in the UK is going through a period of rapid growth, and is being seen by government as another important vehicle for delivering public services. As a result the issue of public trust in social enterprise is of growing importance. While there is a growing literature on the governance of voluntary and non-profit organizations, with some exceptions (e.g. co-operatives) there has been little research on the governance challenges and support needs of social enterprises. The research reported here aimed to help fill that gap. Based on interviews and focus groups with governance advisers, board members and chief executives it explores the typical governance challenges faced by social enterprises. Based on the research the paper develops a new, empirically-grounded typology of social enterprises based on their origins and development path, and presents findings about some of the governance challenges that are common across the sector and some that are more distinctive to the different types of social enterprise.     

MODES OF GOVERNANCE IN THE DUTCH SOCIAL HOUSING SECTOR

ABSTRACT ** :  We describe and analyze five consecutive modes of governance in the Dutch social housing sector. We compare these institutional forms with the five policy values that the sector was assumed to realize. For that purpose we propose and use a new, analytical framework based on a separation principle that is applied to the coercion domain (the governance of transactions) as well as to the interaction domain (the welfare values). The consecutive modes of governance were introduced to cope with the changing welfare policies, but with varying results. In this paper we show that the implemented modes of governance in the Dutch social housing sector did not always realize the values that the sector was supposed to deliver. The framework we propose also facilitates the discussion about the concept of a social enterprise and the embedding of a service of general interest in the European Union.     

股权结构与董事会治理效率交互效应探究

以2006-2011年983家上市公司为样本,运用面板数据的个体固定效应模型,不仅对股权结构、董事会治理效率与公司绩效间的关系进行了研究,还检验了股权结构与董事会治理效率间是否存在交互效应。通过研究发现,股权集中度和股权制衡度都与公司绩效呈倒U型关系,董事会治理效率与公司绩效正相关,股权结构与董事会治理效率间存在交互效应。具体来说,股权集中度与董事会治理效率的交互效应与公司绩效负相关,股权制衡度与董事会治理效率的交互效应与公司绩效正相关。     

A dynamic estimation of governance structures and financial performance for Singaporean companies

In this study, a sample of 257 Singaporean domiciled non-financial listed companies is investigated using a system generalised method of moments (system GMM) estimator. This approach allows for controlling the potential sources of endogeneity which are inherent in the performance–governance relationship. Our findings strongly support the proposition that the relationship between corporate governance structures and firm performance is dynamic by nature. Moreover, our results show that the internal corporate governance structures do matter in Singapore, where the market for corporate control is relatively poor. This study is novel as it is the first to explore the corporate governance–firm performance nexus using a dynamic approach for the Singapore market. This study significantly contributes to a better understanding of international diversity on corporate governance by providing further empirical evidence from an emerging market characterised by the best corporate governance practices in the Asian region.     

科技创新与绿色治理协调效应评价及动态关系研究

基于2004-2016年中国内地30个省市面板数据,采用耦合协调模型和PVAR模型,实证检验科技创新与绿色治理的协调效应及动态关系。结果显示：2004-2016年全国各省市科技创新与绿色治理的协调水平偏低,并且由东向西的区域阶梯递减特征显著,多数省市科技创新滞后于绿色治理发展,协调等级处于濒临失调水平以下;东部地区科技创新与绿色治理之间存在双向因果关系,科技创新对绿色治理的影响不显著,长期看呈现为负向冲击效应,绿色治理对科技创新呈现出显著正向、持续影响;东北地区科技创新与绿色治理存在单向因果关系,科技创新对绿色治理的冲击效应不显著,绿色治理对科技创新呈现出显著正向、持续影响;中部和西部地区科技创新与绿色治理不存在因果关系,绿色治理对科技创新的冲击作用具有相似性,但科技创新对绿色治理的冲击效应存在较大差异。