信息技术产业与汽车工业耦合发展评价研究

汽车产业是一个传统行业。以互联网为代表的信息技术产业的发展，以及谷歌、苹果等科技巨头开始对汽车产业的涉足，为汽车产业的发展提供了全新的机会，这使得信息技术产业与汽车产业呈现了耦合的态势。尽管在制造、售后等环节我国汽车制造企业与国外汽车制造企业的差距正在逐年缩小，但是在产品开发、智能制造等环节，依然是目前我国汽车企业最为薄弱的环节。按照产业耦合理论，我们将两个产业的耦合程度，按照由弱到强的关系，分为无耦合、低度耦合、中度耦合、高度耦合四个阶段，本文将通过信息技术产业与汽车产业的数据，对二者的耦合程度、可持续发展性进行全面研究，以便达到为我国汽车产业与信息技术产业的耦合找到可行路径的目标。     

我国新能源汽车产业破坏性创新的政策支持研究

提高新能源汽车产业创新水平、将新能源汽车产业置于国民经济战略性新兴产业的地位予以支持已成为世界大国博弈的重要命题.文章将破坏性创新理论用于指导我国的新能源汽车产业政策,在公共科技政策分析的基本政策工具框架下,采用内容分析法分析了2009年至今我国新能源汽车产业创新的政策支持体系;对特斯拉汽车成功进行破坏性创新的案例及对我国的启示作了实证研究,进而提出我国新能源汽车产业破坏性创新的政策建议.     

The pursuit of original equipment manufacturer strategy: insights from an Asian country

The automotive sector is the major industry of Thailand's economy. This paper discusses the national strategy of Thailand toward the Detroit of Asia. In particular, the study analyses the pursuit of original equipment manufacturer (OEM) strategy in the Thai automotive industry, based on Porter's Diamond Model. A qualitative approach was adopted, using semi-structured interviews to understand the reasons behind Thailand's adoption of OEM strategy and its decisions in not following other strategic approaches. The findings provide important lessons to other developing economies in terms of adopting the right strategies to improve the national performance and competitiveness. The case of Thailand is clearly evident that the Thai government chooses not to develop its own brand (OBM strategy) but pursue the OEM path to strengthen its automotive industry.     

Innovation among suppliers to automobile manufacturers: an exploratory study of barriers and facilitators1

This paper reports on an exploratory study of the barriers and facilitators that affect technological innovation by suppliers to the automotive industry and the adoption of such innovations by the industry. The specific focus in the study was on key decision and action points in the life of specific innovations or potential innovations (ideas for new products) which may affect their successful development and marketing. The major source of data for this study was in the form of brief cases obtained from interviews of managers and technical personnel in suppliers to the automotive industry. These cases related to specific projects engaged in or ideas proposed by the responding firms or others in their sector of the industry which were aimed at the introduction of new or improved products, components, systems, materials, designs, etc., to the automotive industry. The information and data for this study were collected by means of structured interviews with 15 managers in 13 first level supplier firms to the automotive industry. A total of 32 innovations were investigated and a corresponding number of 32 cases and additional information on barriers and facilitators were generated for these 32 innovations. In general it was found that the most important barriers and facilitators to innovating were federal laws and regulations. Overall, the two types of decisions that are made in the automotive supplier's environment which appear consistently throughout these cases are (1) the automotive customer's decision to accept, encourage development of, or adopt innovations, and (2) the government's decision to mandate changes in safety, environment or energy-relatedregulations or legislation. The policy implications of the results of this study are discussed as they relate to an evolving model of the effects of potential federal intervention in the R&D/innovation process.     

Exploring talent flow in Wuhan automotive industry cluster at China

In recent 10 years, the city of Wuhan has built a big automotive industry cluster in China. The Wuhan automotive cluster is developing quickly, but scarcity of talent has become the bottleneck for its development. Recruiting talented worker is a significant concern and the influence factors of talent flow have been explored. The questionnaire about influence factors of talent flow are designed and sent to nine core enterprises at Wuhan Economic and Technological Development Zone. One hundred and seventy five automotive specialists returned the effective answer sheet. In the questionnaire survey, principal components analysis is used to explore the structure of this instrument, which suggests five components: industry cluster characteristic, urban environment, working environment, income and individual factor. The investigation result demonstrates the top three of these components are income, working environment and individual factor.     

奇瑞与江淮：门当户对的烦恼

大的整合小的,强的整合弱的,这对于北京和山东是件理所应当的事,可却给同样有着大汽车梦想的安徽出了难题。奇瑞、江淮重组姻缘大戏曲曲折折,扑朔迷离,引的众看官是欲罢不能,而江淮股票的小散们更是艰难抉择,买还是不买,这是个问题。     

谁是大赢家?(上)——汽车高管身价、年薪大起底

尽管全球市场陷入了低迷时刻,但是中国汽车行业仍被看做是全球的经济热点,在连股神巴菲特都看好的宏观环境下,比亚迪等汽车企业的股票翻了N多倍,捧出了一众富豪。2009年也成为标志性的年份。在胡润百富榜上,汽车行业首次出现在首富位置上。接下来引出的话题是,在汽车这个热门投资领域,企业家们除了可能收获更高身价、更高年薪的同时,需承担起给投资人更高回报的重任。这并不容易。在汽车行业尤其如此。     

The outcome of company and account manager relationship quality on loyalty, relationship value and performance

This study explores the effects of perceived relationship quality of the company and account managers with customers. It examines the effects of both types of relationship quality on relationship outcomes including: loyalty, relationship value, and performance. Consistency and relationship-specific investments are tested as mediating constructs between relationship quality and relationship outcomes. The model was tested in the automotive parts industry in Brazil. Findings indicate that relationship quality with account managers is directly related to loyalty and perceptions of relationship value. However, relationship quality with the firm is related to loyalty indirectly, through relationship-specific investment. Further, perceptions of consistency do not mediate the linkage between relationship quality with the company and account managers and specific investments. Theoretical and managerial implications of the findings are presented.     

河北省汽车及零部件出口存在的问题与对策

一个国家汽车工业的发展水平,在一定意义上可以折射出这个国家的综合实力水平。河北省汽车工业生产及产品出口的形势,虽然在过去的几年里有较快的发展,但有些方面的问题也不容忽视。就企业规模、产品档次、技术服务以及政策支持等方面的问题进行了较为深入的调查分析,提出了初步的应对策略。     

王传福:制造电动车神话

他不一定有最好的技术和资本实力,但他有最好的理由来作一个汽车行业的颠覆者和搅局者。5年前,当王传福宣布比亚迪要用"一次充电就可以跑350公里"的电动车取代深圳的几千辆燃油出租车时,最多也只是一份蓝图,但是在今天,当王传福再次表达希望能够要争取换掉深圳的燃油出租车时,"一次     

国际汽车经济的技术发展概况——基于专利数据的分析

世界汽车产业的第四次技术变革,为以发展汽车产业等战略性产业为主的中国提高自主创新能力,转变经济增长方式和提高经济增长质量提供了重要契机。文章主要对世界汽车产业的技术专利情况进行了分析研究,以了解当前世界汽车专利技术的发展概况,发现中国汽车产业的当前的发展差距和机会。     

后市场稳中求胜

汽车产业支柱作用无容置疑,辉煌的数据后,我们时常忽视了背后默默的支持者汽车零部件,对零部件发展状况,汽车保有量成为最重要的数据。     

Coevolutionary Dynamics of Automotive Competition: Product Innovation,Change, and Marketplace Survival

Innovation and new model development have been paramount in the U.S. automotive industry. The industry has invested around $16–18 billion annually to launch new models and improve existing ones in response to incessant evolution of consumer preferences, competitive pressures, and changes in safety and emission regulations. Although these investments have significantly reduced cycle time and increased efficiency (e.g., through platform communization), it still costs around $1 billion to develop and launch a new model from scratch. Therefore, the strategic focus in the U.S. automotive industry is rapidly shifting away from manufacturing efficiency to product development and innovation as firms engage in an “arms race” to develop innovative new products ahead of the competition. The outcome of this new focus manifests itself in the total development time for a new platform vehicle, which is expected to drop from roughly four years in 1998 to two years in 2014. As development cycles continue to shorten, competition in the industry intensifies, and a new insight is needed to better understand how increased competition can affect the gains from innovations. The need for research to fill this gap is especially critical as executives continue to grow more cynical about returns offered by increases in research and development (R&D) expenditures and see no statistically significant relationship between R&D expenditures and firm performance. This study attempts to address this gap by adopting a coevolutionary perspective that analyzes the relationship between innovations and firm performance by accounting for the impact of competitive forces in the industry. First, this study explicitly models competitive interactions between firms, known in the ecology literature as the Red Queen competition, in which gains from innovations are relative and impermanent. Second, hypotheses are tested using a comprehensive data set comprising all automobile manufacturers ever known to compete in the U.S. automobile market at any time between 1891 and 2000. Complete coverage of 110 years enables precise analysis of the link between innovations and firm performance as well as the coevolution in the U.S. automobile industry. The results suggest that although extensiveness of an innovation is relevant, a firm's ability to keep up with the competition in the innovation arms race is a more significant driver of survival in the market. Thus, firms cannot simply evaluate their innovation efforts in a silo but must constantly assess their efforts versus the innovation launches of their key competitors. Based on the findings, automotive manufacturers must develop a structured product development program that allows for continual and steady new product introductions; otherwise, even momentary setbacks can have a damaging impact on a firm's ability to survive in the automotive marketplace.     

The Attributes of a Costly Recall: Evidence from the Automotive Industry

While researchers have extensively documented the equity response to product recalls and subsequent shareholder losses, less attention in the literature has been given to examining the damaging recall attributes. Using 1973–1998 automotive safety recall data, this study identifies the kinds of recalls that cause significant shareholder losses. After constructing an equally-weighted automotive market index to control for industry effects and adjusting the abnormal returns to account for the degree of surprise in the recall announcement, the study estimates both percentage and real dollar abnormal returns. We find that the indirect costs of automotive recalls are likely larger than the direct costs.     

中国汽车产业的协同演进特征及协同度提升策略——基于四时点投入产出表的实证分析

本文以我国1992—2007年投入产出表为依据,对我国汽车产业的协同演进特征进行研究。实证结果表明,受汽车制造业自身和上下游相关产业各自发展特点的影响,我国汽车关联产业可分为同步关联正向协同和松散非协同两类。结合对这两类产业的成因分析,本文认为,我国汽车产业仍然存在传统生产方式强、通用原材料产业适应性更强而高技术原材料的行业发展受限、对下游服务业的融合联动效应微弱以及非均衡协同等特征。基于此,分别提出从单点突破到多面互动、渐进式创新与破坏性创新并举、逆杠杆撬动以及商业模式创新引领四大策略,以提升我国汽车产业的协同度和竞争力。     

Innovation as response to emissions legislation: revisiting the automotive catalytic converter at Johnson Matthey

Can environmental legislation spur innovative response? This case describes the development of the automotive catalytic converter (ACC) at Johnson Matthey (JM), a precious metals company that entered the automotive industry as a component provider. The market was unfamiliar to JM and highly competitive, but in the 1970s the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) introduced standards for emissions control by automotive companies well ahead of current practice. JM responded to the prospect of market demand for a technology that could meet the regulations. The EPA policy of technology ‘forcing’ stimulated collaboration for innovation among companies from a variety of industries. Our case evidence shows that the key innovator, JM, achieved its breakthrough as a result of proactive R&D management by the product champion together with sustained corporate support at a high level and partnership strategies.     

大金龙“没新闻”

地方政府出面的企业重组中，政府应起到怎样的作用？集中企业力量却又重拾老国企的弊病，只能改变企业发展轨迹，让“冠军企业”轰然倒塌。     

The limits to'Japanisation'—Just-in-Time, labour relations and the UK automotive industry

Competition from Japanese manufacturers has been particularly fierce in the automotive industry. Consequently, many British manufacturers are now emulating the production and employment policies of their Japanese rivals. But there are limits to such a process, especially in the sphere of labour-management relations and the control of work.     

汽车业5年“最人物”

在《汽车观察》杂志社成立5周年之际。我们和凤凰网汽车频道及搜孤汽车频道合作．采用网络读者调查的方式对过去5年来最有代表性的汽车人进行了一次调查。     

Detailed cost estimating in the automotive industry: Data and information requirements

The automotive industry operates in a very competitive market which requires controlling product costs, improving the product quality and shortening the development lead time. Cost estimation requires quality data and information, therefore this research project identified several issues that hinder this activity, namely a lack of resources and information acquiring and validation difficulties. This research paper presents the various data and information requirements for detailed cost estimating in automotive industry. The research project has identified the common cost estimation process model within the identified industry sector. The study identified the types of data and information requirements for cost estimating. It has also constructed the relevant data infrastructure as the basis for a Web Portal, which is the physical presentation of the information infrastructure. Multiple sources of data collection techniques were employed to identify the types of data needed for detailed cost estimates within a manufacturing company. These techniques include participant observation, semi-structured interviews, process models and document analysis of six different UK based automotive companies. Methods of process modelling like IDEF3 and knowledge capture technique known as X-Pat (eXpert Process Knowledge Analysis Tool) were employed in this study.This study makes several contributions concerning both conceptual and practicable information issues that have long vexed detailed cost estimating practices in the automotive industry. The study conceptually defines the detailed bottom-up information (i.e., individual cost elements and the links between them) needed for an accurate estimate of cost, and shows why each element of information is needed and where it fits into the cost model. To respond to the practicable information vexations, the study shows where to find the necessary cost information and proposes a validation method. The research creates useful knowledge in the form of an improved understanding of information requirements for cost estimates. The benefits to the industry of better cost estimates based on this research at the conceptual design stage include improved cost control and enhanced ability to adjust to anticipated market trends.