外部社会资本对新创企业绩效的影响研究--知识获取的中介作用

基于企业知识理论的观点认为知识资源已成为企业最为重要的战略性资源。外部社会资本作为新创企业社会关系网络在创业活动中的嵌入,是企业知识获取的重要手段。该文以社会资本理论为基础,通过对湖北省内116家新创企业的有效问卷调查及结构方程分析,研究表明,新创企业外部社会资本的结构维度、关系维度、认知维度对知识获取、新创企业绩效有显著影响,知识获取在新创企业外部社会资本与新创企业绩效的关系中起到部分中介作用。因此新创企业应加强外部社会资本构建和管理能力,促进知识获取,从而实现企业绩效的提升。     

关系网络、跨组织知识整合与 组织创新绩效的关系实证研究

本文分析了跨组织知识整合的内涵和要素结构,将跨组织知识整合划分为外部知识捕获、内外知识交融和新知识应用3个环节,建立了关系网络、跨组织知识整合和组织创新绩效之间的理论模型,并以229家企业为对象运用结构方程模型进行实证研究,并得出结论,外部关系网络对外部知识捕获有正向影响,内部关系网络对外部知识捕获、内外知识交融和新知识应用均有正向影响,内部关系网络对组织创新绩效有正向影响,跨组织知识整合在内部关系网络与组织创新绩效间起着中介作用,为企业通过外部和内部关系网络提升跨组织知识整合能力,进而提升组织创新绩效提供理论基础和实践参考。     

关系网络、跨组织知识整合与组织创新绩效的关系实证研究

本文分析了跨组织知识整合的内涵和要素结构,将跨组织知识整合划分为外部知识捕获、内外知识交融和新知识应用3个环节,建立了关系网络、跨组织知识整合和组织创新绩效之间的理论模型,并以229家企业为对象运用结构方程模型进行实证研究,并得出结论,外部关系网络对外部知识捕获有正向影响,内部关系网络对外部知识捕获、内外知识交融和新知识应用均有正向影响,内部关系网络对组织创新绩效有正向影响,跨组织知识整合在内部关系网络与组织创新绩效间起着中介作用,为企业通过外部和内部关系网络提升跨组织知识整合能力,进而提升组织创新绩效提供理论基础和实践参考.     

外部知识源异质性对企业工艺和产品创新绩效的影响研究

作为全球制造业中心， 中国正处于由 “中国制造” 向 “中国智造” 的转型关口。 越来越多的中国企业通过获取外部知识， 提高自身的工艺和产品创新水平。 然而， 鲜有研究讨论不同知识源对我国制造业企业工艺创新绩效和产品创新绩效的影响异同。 因此， 本文采用世界银行所提供的中国制造业企业调查数据， 基于 Pavitt 产业部门分类法， 运用双变量 Probit 模型， 分别考察企业工艺和产品创新绩效与供应商、 用户、 同行、 大学及科研机构这4 种外部知识源之间的关系。 研究发现， 由于制造业企业上游供应商企业创新能力低下， 仅用户、 同行、 大学及科研机构这3 种知识源对企业工艺和产品创新绩效有显著正向影响； 其中， 规模集约部门企业利用同行的技术知识， 以及时刻关注竞争对手的创新动态， 对企业工艺创新有着正向促进作用； 专业供应商部门企业通过与用户密切合作加速创新成果商业转化， 促进企业产品创新。     

引进型管理创新知识源分析——以广州本田环境绩效管理模式为例

根据我国企业实践,绝大多数管理创新属于引进型创新,即在组织外部已存在的管理实践或思想的基础上引进加工而成的创新。因此,有效获取管理创新知识,即知识源问题,成为我国企业引进和实施管理创新的关键。在总结管理创新相关研究的基础上,提出管理创新的三类主要知识源：内部知识源、市场知识源和专业知识源。研究发现：大部分企业以非当地企业为参照群体;咨询机构是我国企业管理创新的重要来源;政府政策导向作用明显;内部员工没有发挥应有的作用。在此基础上,对广州本田的环境绩效管理模式创新做案例分析,具体分析管理创新中知识源的作用。     

企业集成创新中知识整合绩效影响因素的实证分析

利用基于理论的实证分析方法构建集成创新中知识整合绩效影响因素概念模型并建立假设关系。开发Likert量表对企业进行调查获取相关数据,对筛选后的数据进行描述性统计分析;利用结构方程模型对假设进行检验,得到知识整合绩效影响因素的影响方向和影响程度。研究结果表明:创新知识特性对知识整合绩效有显著的负向影响且影响程度最大;组织结构、知识整合手段、组织学习和文化氛围对知识整合绩效有显著的正向影响,影响程度从大到小依次为组织学习、文化氛围、知识整合手段和组织结构。     

基于资源管理过程的关系网络与中小企业国际化绩效关系研究

对于资源匮乏的中小企业,关系网络是其资源获取的重要渠道,但仅仅获取并拥有资源,并不能为企业创造价值,必须对资源进行有效的管理,因此资源管理过程在关系网络和中小企业国际化缋效之间起到重要的中介作用.选取我国的164家中小企业作为研究样本,提出并检验3个假设:(1)关系网络对企业国际化绩效有显著影响；(2)关系网络对企业资源管理过程有显著影响；(3)企业资源管理过程对国际化绩效有显著影响.通过LISREL软件检验假设,结果显示:关系网络对国际化缋效既有直接影响同时也通过资源管理过程间接产生影响.因此,资源管理过程是关系网络和中小企业国际化缋效的一个中介变量.     

全球生产网络背景下本土制造企业升级机制及战略选择

全球生产网络为本土企业融入国际分工体系实现升级提供了机会,但同时也带来“低端锁定”的困境,解决这一难题的根本是建立基于网络的本土企业升级机制并选择相匹配的升级战略.全球背景下本土企业依赖自身所拥有的资源,与发达国家领先企业建立各种形式的网络联结,通过知识转移和技术学习机制不断学习并提升企业能力进而实现升级,这一过程是一个协同演化过程,在不同的阶段本土企业应选择适合的网络嵌入战略和升级学习战略,其关键在于资源、网络与企业升级之间形成协同效应.     

产业网络双重嵌入对企业创新的影响——基于新型技术追赶的中介效应

本文选取2003～2021年沪深A股上市企业作为研究对象，实证检验产业网络双重嵌入对企业创新的影响，并探讨新型技术追赶在其中的中介效应。结果发现：产业网络双重嵌入可以显著推动企业创新能力提升；随着嵌入程度加深，产业网络双重嵌入对企业创新速度的提升作用逐渐弱化。影响路径分析得出，产业网络双重嵌入可借助新型技术追赶提升企业创新能力。异质性分析结果显示，产业网络双重嵌入对企业创新能力与速度的影响因企业发展规模不同存在差异。据此，提出政策为基，推动产业网络嵌入标准化；缩短周期，驱动企业创新发展加速化；精准发力，助力创新发展分层化的政策建议，为企业创新驱动战略实践提供理论鉴照。     

产业集群的社会网络嵌入性研究

"嵌入性"概念作为一种分析工具和一种理念已经被众多的学者用在产业集群的研究之上,然而却遗漏了"嵌入性"本身的一些问题.因此,本文在文献探讨的基础上,首先回顾了"嵌入性"概念的发展过程,然后讨论了产业集群中嵌入的主体和客体,并依据产业集群产生机理的不同讨论了嵌入性关系的形成过程,最后讨论了产业集群中关系型嵌入不足和过度嵌入对焦点企业绩效的影响     

中国经济增长影响因素的变迁：2004～2011

在综合供给与需求角度下的经济增长的相关研究结论基础上,本文通过构建中 国经济增长的面板数据模型研究发现,外来投资对中国经济增长的影响较弱,内 部投资对经济增长贡献远高于外来投资;消费因素受到金融危机的影响较小,它 对经济增长的拉动作用并没有降低,而出口因素受金融危机的影响较大;东、中 部的劳动力处于富足状态,而西部经济需要更多的劳动力。面板数据模型的实证 分析结果表明,金融危机对中国经济增长的影响是显著的,它改变了各影响因素 对经济增长的促进或拉动作用,这种改变的幅度又随区域的不同而有所差异;中 国经济增长结构不均衡,有进一步优化的空间;开拓以西部为主国内市场,不仅 能使中国经济获得进一步增长的动力,更能为中国经济发展提供战略层面的安全 保障。     

Structural vs. relational embeddedness: social capital and managerial performance

This paper examines the impact of managers' social capital on managerial performance. Two dimensions of social capital are compared—the structural embeddedness (i.e., configuration) of a manager's network of work relations and the relational embeddedness (i.e., quality) of those relations. Based on a sample of 120 product and sales managers in a Fortune 100 pharmaceutical firm, this paper presents evidence indicating that both elements of social capital influence managerial performance, although in distinct ways: structural embeddedness plays a stronger role in explaining more routine, execution‐oriented tasks (managerial sales performance), whereas relational embeddedness plays a stronger role in explaining new, innovation‐oriented tasks (managerial performance in product and process innovation). This research considers resource exchanges within firms as key to value creating behaviors and contributes a deeper understanding of how social capital influences productive resource exchanges. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Firms' heterogeneity,relationship embeddedness,and innovation development in competitive alliances

Few studies have investigated the effects of firms' heterogeneity in the context of competitive alliances' innovation development efforts. Prior research has mainly focused on how relationship embeddedness facilitates innovation development, with little attention to heterogeneity among firms and the role it might play. We addressed this gap by examining the relationships among firms' heterogeneity, relationship embeddedness, and innovation development in competitive alliances. We distinguished three dimensions of firms' heterogeneity and collected data from 481 surveys. We demonstrated that heterogeneity with regard to operational routines and organizational responsiveness, heterogeneity was found to have positive direct effects on innovation development while also undermining relationship embeddedness. By contrast, technological heterogeneity had a positive effect on both innovation development and relationship embeddedness. Competitive-alliance firms are more sensitive to heterogeneity regarding operational routines than to organizational responsiveness. These findings highlight the importance of overcoming the adverse effects of firms' heterogeneity through several means, such as full interpretation, observation, and offsetting incongruence through intermediaries or brokers. This study contributes to the strategic management and embeddedness literature by examining the implications of firms' heterogeneity and identifying how these effects influence relationship embeddedness as antecedent factors.     

Projective customer competence: Projecting future customer needs that drive innovation performance

Projective customer competence is the ability of a product development organization to both understand as well as shape the future needs of customers. To conceptualize this competence and establish its antecedents and performance implications, we draw upon the literature on inter-organizational relationships and innovation. Based on survey data from managers involved with business to business product development, validated with secondary financial data and in-depth interviews, we establish measurement properties for projective customer competence and demonstrate that this competence develops through customer relationships characterized by relational embeddedness, knowledge redundancy and interactivity. Projective customer competence is also shown to have positive implications for both innovativeness and financial performance. Surprisingly, relational embeddedness is shown to be the strongest predictor of projective customer competence, and, while knowledge redundancy helps build projective customer competence, it also has a negative impact on innovativeness.     

Triadic embeddedness,sources of relational rents,and interfirm performance

Interorganizational research has largely ignored how dyadic relationships are embedded in a wider network context. Responding to this research gap, we study how triadic embeddedness – cooperating firms structurally and mutually embedded in a network of triads – affects the sources of relational rents and interfirm performance. Using a unique combination of interfirm network- and survey data, we find that triadic embeddedness affects two sources of relational rents – relationship learning and trust-based governance. Learning and trust-based governance, in turn, increase two indicators of interfirm performance – cost reductions and end-product enhancements. The study contributes to a broader understanding of the relational view by showing that triadic embeddedness has direct positive effects on the sources of relational rents and indirect positive effects on interfirm performance.     

Non‐R&D innovation and firms’ new product performance: the joint moderating effect of R&D intensity and network embeddedness

Non‐R&D innovation increasingly plays a critical role in explaining firms’ new product performance. Yet, there has been little research on the consequences and contingent mechanisms of non‐R&D innovation for firms embedded in collaborative network environments. To address this research gap, we investigated a conceptual framework of non‐R&D innovation using data drawn from Chinese manufacturing firms. First, we found that non‐R&D innovation positively affects firms’ new product performance. Second, we discovered that high R&D intensity positively strengthens the impact of firms’ non‐R&D innovation on new product performance. Third, we provided critical analysis of the role of non‐R&D innovation in promoting new product performance, accomplished by enhancing R&D investment while simultaneously improving the degree of network embeddedness. Our findings extend both the non‐R&D innovation literature and open innovation literature while providing managers with several key recommendations.     

供应链关系资本对企业创新绩效的影响研究——基于需求拉动型吸收能力的视角

针对受国外技术和市场牵引较严重的4个制造类企业,构建了供应链关系资本、需求拉动型吸收能力和创新绩效三者间的概念模型,实施问卷调查,用结构方程模型验证假设。得到的结果表明:以信任为基础的供应链关系资本能够促进企业及时获取和掌握市场信息和技术知识,从而提高创新绩效。但是,样本企业供应链关系资本中的关系承诺维度对知识吸收的促进作用有待加强;需求拉动型吸收能力的知识转化和利用环节对于创新进程的促进作用有待提高。     

Partners' centrality diversity and firm innovation performance: Evidence from China

While most studies of firm innovation with a social network perspective have focused on the focal firm's network structure, we explore the value of second-order social capital by examining partners' network structure to better understand firm innovation. Specifically, we examine how centrality diversity of the focal firm's network partners affects its innovation performance. A longitudinal study of Chinese publicly listed manufacturing firms from 2000 to 2016 indicates that partners' centrality diversity in a firm's board interlock network is positively related to that firm's innovation performance. We also find that the focal firm's knowledge breadth weakens the effect of partners' centrality diversity on innovation performance for the focal firm, while the proportion of non-independent ties between the focal firm and its network partners strengthens the effect.     

Repeating a familiar pattern in a new way: The effect of exploitation and exploration on knowledge leverage behaviors in technology acquisitions

Research Summary: We identify two types of knowledge leverage behaviors undertaken by acquiring firms: integrated and independent knowledge leverage. We address how the prior exploitation or exploration orientation of acquirers influence these two modes of knowledge leverage behaviors. The degree of exploitation of acquirers promotes integrating their existing knowledge with acquired knowledge in innovative actions. In contrast, the degree of exploration of acquirers increases the likelihood that new innovations will use acquired knowledge without integrating it with their prior knowledge. In addition, the firm's prior acquisition rate moderates the relationship between the acquiring firms’ previous exploitation or exploration orientation and their knowledge leverage mode. The findings of this article suggest that pre‐acquisition innovation capabilities are distinct from but influence the post‐acquisition innovation actions. Managerial Summary: Firms often undertake acquisitions to gain access to new knowledge, but they can differ dramatically in how they leverage acquired knowledge. We show that the firm's prior innovation patterns drive this choice. Firms that have previously focused on incremental innovations in their internal innovation efforts tend to integrate acquired knowledge with their own prior knowledge. In contrast, firms that have previously pursued bold innovations tend to leverage acquired knowledge alone in new innovations. Thus, we show that firms use acquisitions as a means to extend their internal innovation patterns—firms that have focused on incremental innovations extend that with acquisitions by linking new innovations to their prior knowledge while firms that have pursued bold initiatives use acquired knowledge to move in new technology directions.     

Do External Knowledge Sourcing Modes Matter for Service Innovation? Empirical Evidence from South Korean Service Firms

To source external knowledge, firms in the service area use various sourcing modes simultaneously suitable for their internal needs or external environments. Each external knowledge sourcing mode has distinctive characteristics, and as such, they can offer different advantages and/or disadvantages to the firms. Thus, the effects of external knowledge sourcing on service innovation may vary depending on the sourcing modes. The current study aims to empirically examine the different effects of various external knowledge sourcing modes on service innovation. The study identifies three external knowledge sourcing modes: joint development, technology purchasing, and external information acquisition. Three hypotheses are established to examine the relationships between the extent of utilizing each mode and service innovation performance in terms of new service introduction. The data for analysis are selected from the “Korean Innovation Survey 2006: Service Sector” (KIS 2006). It is regarded as South Korea's version of the Community Innovation Survey (CIS). The KIS 2006 data set covers joint development, technology purchasing, and external information acquisition activities of corporations in the service sector in South Korea. The study empirically analyzes the data set using a negative binomial regression model. The results first demonstrate that the extent of the joint development has an inverted U‐shaped relationship with the service innovation performance. Second, the results indicate that, on the other hand, service innovation performance decreases with the increase to the extent of the technology purchasing when the extent is below the threshold. On the other hand, it increases with the increase to the extent of the technology purchasing; this occurs when the extent exceeds the threshold. Third, the results show that external information acquisition has a positive effect on service innovation performance. These findings support that the extent of utilizing each mode has different relationships with service innovation performance. The findings suggest that service firms need to utilize joint development at a moderate level, active technology purchasing, and as much external information acquisition as possible to maximize service innovation performance. In practice, this finding can help managers of service firms select appropriate external knowledge sourcing modes and determine the optimum level of use for each mode. This study also can help firms build up strategies for external knowledge sourcing.