工业设计与经济发展

工业设计作为建立在大工业生产方式之上的一种设计观念与设计方法论，在本质上是以经济的方式向社会推广工业社会的文明与成果。在某种意义上，工业设计是一种以经济的方式实现社会的物质民主化。工业设计重点研究物质、精神生活形态与产品的关系，将产品的原创性、前瞻性和市场营销作为一个整体来研究，     

工业发展的三个模式及建立生态工业新体系

工业的发展经历了三种模式的发展阶段，生态工厂及用生态仪锁关系连接起来的生态工业区域新模式是按生态经济相统一的原则，用生态经济物资开放式闭合循环的方式方法，建立起首尾相接的、网络链锁状的、无废无污或无废少污的工业物质循环再生利用的生态经济新体系，是我们当代所有的工业发展的重要方向。     

陕西省低碳经济发展模式研究

随着低碳经济研究的深入，探索低碳经济发展模式逐渐称为学术界研究的热点。以低碳试点省市陕西省为例，全面探讨了陕西省低碳经济发展模式。结果表明，优化产业结构和工业结构，发展有机生态、清洁循环型农业，改变高能耗、高排放的粗放型高碳工业模式，对于发展低碳经济至关重要；倡导社会成员行为改变是发展低碳经济的重要途径；植树种草，改善自然环境，是减少温室气体效应，发展低碳经济的重要组成部分。     

试论生态经济农业

解决传统农业生产模式生态与经济发展的矛盾，缓解生态危机，关键在于建立能实现经济与生态共同繁荣的生态经济农业模式，使经济发展与生态发展融合为一个完整的有机整体，达到生态与经济、人与自然在更高发展水平上和谐统一，21世纪，人类的生存与发展将进入生态经济时代，应该应用生态经济农业的观念指导现代农业，把农业经济行为同生态环境看做一个相互制约的系统，建立人与自然的和谐关系。减少和避免违反自然规律和经济规律的行为。     

传统会计在知识经济冲击下的变革

知识经济是和农业经济、工业经济相对应的一个概念，它是当今世界一种新的经济类型。知识经济是建立在知识和信息的生产、分配和使用基础之上的经济。知识经济是以不断创新的知识为主要基础而发展起来的。与传统的农业经济、工业经济相比，知识经济具有以下特征：     

知识经济存在的问题及对策

一、概述（一）概念知识经济是以知识为基础的经济，与农业经济、工业经济相对应的一个概念，是一种新型的富有生命力的经济形态；工业化、信息化和知识化是现代化发展的三个阶段；知识经济完全不同于人们所熟悉的农业经济和工业经济。     

民族边疆地区的发展要依靠生态文明

所谓生态文明,是指人们正确认识和处理人类社会与自然环境系统相互关系的理念、态度及生存和发展方式。它是对应于农业文明、工业文明并以其为基础的产物,是人类社会在新世纪自觉追求和正在建立的人与自然和谐相处的新的文明形态。21世纪,是世界,也是中国由工业文明步入生态文明的新世纪。在这一历史进程中,我国将在充分汲取和享受工业文明成果的同时,逐步走出传统工业化进程中造成的“非生态”困境,走出一条以生态化、信息化为特征的新型工业化发展道路。我国幅员辽阔的民族边疆地区,是中国现代化进程中的后发展地区,处于农业文明与工业文…     

当代社会生产领域变革及其第三次产业革命──兼与欧阳志远同志商榷

本文从商榷的角度对第三次产业革命作了准确和明确的界定。认为：第三次产业革命即生态革命的根本原因在于１８世纪以前造成的人与自然尖锐对立的生态危机；未来社会中心技术体系是以生物、信息、环保为中心的生态技术体系；未来社会的中心产业是生态工业和生。态农业；２１世纪将是生态世纪，生态时代的文明是生态文明，它是现代文明发展的新阶段；未来的技术社会形态是农业社会、工业社会之后的生态社会。     

知识经济与企业管理创新

一、知识经济的特征及对企业管理的影响 （一）知识经济的特征 知识经济就是以知识为基础的经济。经济合作与发展组织对知识经济的内涵概括为：知识经济是建立在知识与信息的产生、分配和使用之上的经济．是继农业经济、工业经济之后的一种新的知识形态。农业经济和工业经济是以消耗物质资料为基础的经济，主要解决物质量和质的问题，劳动力的大多数主要从事直接的物质生产；知识经济是应用知识转化物质的经济，主要解决产品的新品种问题，劳动力的大多数直接从事知识的生产和传播，少数从事物质生产。相对于农业经济、工业经济而言，知识经…     

知识经济与无形资产会计创新

随着现代高新科技的发展，一种全新的经济形态正在显示出勃勃生机，并表现出巨大的发展潜力，这种新的经济形态就是知识经济。 所谓知识经济，是和农业经济、工业经济相对应的，是在工业经济基础上发展起来的新的经济形态。知识经济是建立在知识和信息的生产、分配和使用之上的经济，它不是工业经济的简单延伸，而是对传统农业和工业经济的一场革命。在知识经济形态中，知识成为比资金、劳动力和土地等传统生产要素更为重要的生产要素，知识、技术等无形资产将成为经济增长的主要推动力；知识生产率，即把知识转化为技术和把技术转化为产品…     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Solidified Branding Function: How the Urban Brand Affects a Small Town’s Development? Case Study of Wangqingtuo,Tianjin, China

Chinese small towns are usually developed with single core industry,and the urban brand is the identity of a town that formed with the development of its indust...     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

Neurally reconstructing expected utility

While the concept of “expected utility” informs many theories of decision making, little is known about whether and how the human brain might compute this quantity. This article reviews a series of functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) experiments designed to localize brain regions that respond in anticipation of increasing amounts of monetary incentives. These studies collectively suggest that anticipation of increasing monetary gains activates a subcortical region of the ventral striatum in a magnitude-proportional manner. This ventral striatal activation is not evident during anticipation of losses. Actual gain outcomes instead activate a region of the mesial prefrontal cortex. During anticipation of gain, ventral striatal activation is accompanied by feelings characterized by increasing arousal and positive valence. These findings affirm the role of emotion in the anticipation of incentives, and may provide an initial step towards a neural reconstruction of expected utility.