集群中小企业融资机制研究与路径设计:基于滨州纺织产业集群的视角

在产业经济尤其是县域块状经济集群化发展的趋势下,中小企业融资难问题依然存在,其中正规金融支持的不足与非正规金融的不稳定性已成为中小企业融资的瓶颈制约.本文以滨州市纺织产业集群及其融资状况为背景,初步勾勒了中小企业集群融资制度演进的路线.     

基于产业集群的中小企业融资体系研究——以江苏常州为例

中小企业融资问题是个世界性的难题。本课题以常州地区为依托,从研究常州产业集群内中小企业融资的现状、结构入手,分析集群内中小企业融资困境的原因及影响,提出有针对性的建议,为集群内的中小企业提供良好的融资环境,并为相关部门提供实证素材,支持常州经济、金融和谐发展。     

产业集群与中小企业融资问题探讨

产业集群是现代经济发展中颇具特色的经济组织形式。它所具有的独特优势不仅能够促进我国中小企业的蓬勃发展,并且能在一定程度上缓解中小企业融资难的问题。产业集群给中小企业融资提供了新的思维模式。文章通过分析中小企业面临的融资困难,介绍了产业集群的优势以及融资模式,提出我国中小企业集群融资的策略和建议,以充分发挥中小企业集群融资优势,促进我国中小企业健康发展。     

基于集群效应的中小企业开发性融资模式创新

改革开放30年来,我国经济实现了快速发展,经济结构发生了历史性变化,形成了一批特色产业,高新技术产业也迅速崛起,工业企业尤其是中小企业日益成为推动经济增长的主要动力.但是,中小企业的发展也遇到了困难,中小企业融资一直是困扰中小企业发展的重大难题,商业性金融常因高风险而对中小企业敬而远之.近年我国通过开发性金融支持中小企业融资取得了显著效果,本文在分析目前我国开发性金融支持中小企业融资模式的基础上,基于集群效应对现有的开发性融资模式进行了创新.     

对关天经济区装备制造产业集群供应链金融支持的思考

关天经济区作为全国先进制造业的重要基地，装备制造产业集群已初步形成。装备制造业产业链条广，涉及领域宽。极易通过集群形式来发展。但关天经济区装备制造业上下游及配套中小企业融资比较困难，而应收账款、存货、预付账款数量较大。供应链金融模式，在解决上下游及配套中小企业融资困难方面优势明显，建议采取供应链金融模式支持装备制造产业集群发展壮大，推进关天经济区这一全国内陆型经济战略高地的快速建设。     

基于DEA的集群与非集群中小企业融资效率比较实证研究

本文通过对汨罗再生资源产业集群等地中小企业进行问卷调查,获得数据样本,运用数据包络分析法的C2R模型,对来自集群和非集群中小企业的融资效率进行实证分析。研究发现,来自汨罗再生资源产业集群等集群的中小企业表现出整体较高融资效率,这表明集群的中小企业资金供给更加有效,融通能力更强,面临更好的融资制度环境以及资金使用环境。集群给中小企业带来明显的融资效率优势。     

基于DEA的集群与非集群中小企业融资效率比较实证研究

本文通过对汨罗再生资源产业集群等地中小企业进行问卷调查,获得数据样本,运用数据包络分析法的C2R模型,对来自集群和非集群中小企业的融资效率进行实证分析。研究发现,来自汨罗再生资源产业集群等集群的中小企业表现出整体较高融资效率,这表明集群的中小企业资金供给更加有效,融通能力更强,面临更好的融资制度环境以及资金使用环境。集群给中小企业带来明显的融资效率优势。     

关于金融支持中小企业产业集群发展的调查

目前,中小企业产业集群对于经济和社会发展形成强有力支持,对于实现区域经济结构的优化升级、显著增强地区经济实力具有现实意义。文章有针对性地分析了辽阳市中小企业集群发展现状,总结了金融对中小企业产业集群发展的支持,旨在更好地促进中小企业产业集群的稳健发展。     

县域产业集群融资状况调查

产业集群化是一种有利于中小企业成长的产业模式,尤其在县域,发展产业集群更是明智之举。但伴随着集群的发展,集群内的中小企业同样面临着严重的融资制约。本文以广东开平市水口水暖卫浴产业集群为案例对其融资状况进行了调查分析,并提出对县域产业集群企业融资的相关对策建议。     

产业集群的中小企业融资创新研究——以佛山市为例

本文阐述了产业集群的基本特征以及佛山市产业集群与中小企业融资状况,指出佛山市产业集群存在组织体系的不完整性,这种缺陷制约了产业集群的融资功能。通过对照国内外产业集群内中小企业融资的典型方案,文章提出佛山市中小企业融资创新除了解决技术层面的难题外,尚需在完善产业集群的组织体系方面下功夫。     

中国农村小额信贷发展的制约因素及对策探析

开展小额信贷业务是突破农业发展中资金瓶颈的途径之一。本文基于十七届三中全会关于建设社会主义新农村的指导方针政策,定位于农村小额信贷,在阐述国内外小额信贷理论的基础上,分析了中国农村小额信贷现状及其发展的重要性,并从供求角度解析了农村小额信贷在实践发展中的制约因素,最后有针对性地提出可行性建议。     

Enhancing the competitiveness and sustainability of social enterprises in Hong Kong: A three-dimensional analysis

Running a social enterprise (SE) is more difficult than running a small or medium-sized enterprise because SEs have to achieve both economic sustainability as business enterprises and their social mission for the benefit of society. After a few years of operation, many SEs fail or struggle for survival. In this study, we examine some of the factors that affect an SE’s profitability, financial management, and business planning and management. Based on in-depth interviews with 22 social enterprises in Hong Kong, we find that SEs with the dual investment objectives of social mission and financial return are more sustainable and competitive than SEs with social impact as their sole objective. Furthermore, SEs managed by non-owner managers have better financial planning and performance than those managed by owner managers. In addition, SEs with an oversight/advisory committee are more competitive and have better management practices than those without such a committee. Our findings have policy implications for government, SEs, funding bodies, and non-profit organizations to enhance and promote the development of the social enterprise sector.     

Corporate financial policy: What really matters?

Reliable access to funding, as in Myers and Majluf (1984), is what really matters, but there are nontrivial indeterminacies in how such access is arranged and in the debt, cash-balance, and payout components of financial policy. These inferences are from a corporate “twins” comparison study of the financial policies of Henry Ford at Ford Motor Co. and Alfred P. Sloan, Jr. at General Motors Corp. The documented testimony of Ford and Sloan indicates that both focused on funding their business, with debt as a funding tool, not an element of an optimized leverage ratio. Their financial policies differ in five important respects, including (i) the use of debt versus large cash balances to meet funding needs and (ii) a commitment to paying large dividends versus a strong aversion to payouts. The data also point to the importance of the inability of managers to identify optimal policies with reliable precision.     

中国影子银行的经济学分析:定义、构成和规模测算

2008年国际金融危机以后,中国金融体系发生的重大变化之一是影子银行的较快发展,其规模迅速膨胀,交易结构日趋复杂,各类市场主体都牵涉其中。这些变化吸引了政策制订者和学术界的广泛关注。本文给出了中国影子银行的功能性定义,即依赖于银行信用、从事银行业务、但又没接受严格的银行业监管的金融业务,具体指传统的银行表内贷款和债券投资以外的,具备完整的信用转换、期限转换和流动性转换功能的金融业务。本文逐项分析影子银行业务,详细总结各类型业务的交易结构、业务主体、业务实质、资金来源、法律基础、资产负债表表示,准确测算了2002年至今影子银行总量和资产负债表结构月度数据。只从资产负债表的负债端着手加总,既完整地涵盖了影子银行的全部业务,得到其宏观总量,又剔除了重复计算。本文测算数据为后续研究打下了基础。     

How did a domestic housing slump turn into a global financial crisis?

The global financial crisis clearly started with problems in the U.S. sub-prime sector and spread across the world from there. But was the direct exposure of foreigners to the U.S. financial system a key driver of the crisis, or did other factors account for its rapid contagion across the world? To answer this question, we assessed whether countries that held large amounts of U.S. mortgage-backed securities (MBS) and were highly dependent on dollar funding experienced a greater degree of financial distress during the crisis. We found little evidence of such direct spillovers from the United States to abroad. Although CDS spreads generally rose higher and bank stocks generally fell lower in countries with more exposure to U.S. MBS and greater dollar funding needs, these correlations were not robust, and they fail to explain the lion’s share of the deterioration in asset prices that took place during the crisis. Accordingly, less tangible channels of contagion may have played a more important role in the global spread of the crisis: a generalized run on global financial institutions, given the opacity of their balance sheets; excessive dependence on short-term funding; vicious cycles of mark-to-market losses driving fire sales of MBS; the realization that financial firms around the world were pursuing similar (flawed) business models; and global swings in risk aversion. The U.S. sub-prime crisis, rather than being a fundamental driver of the global crisis, may have been merely a trigger for a global bank run and for disillusionment with a risky business model that already had spread around the world.     

Asymmetric information and price competition in small business lending

This paper examines the relationship between bank lending rates and their cost of funds in New Zealand. Our results show that on average mortgage rates respond more quickly to changes in the cost of funds than base business lending rates. We also find an asymmetry in the initial (short-run) response of banks to changes in funding costs; in particular, our results show banks adjust mortgage rates downwards faster than upwards. The speed to which lending rates revert back to their equilibrium relationship with funding costs varies across the lending markets. We find the adjustment speed is faster when mortgage rates are below equilibrium, whereas it is slower when business lending rates are above long-run levels in relation to funding costs. Our analysis suggests that banks prefer the plain-vanilla type of lending such as mortgages in comparison to small business lending consistent with asymmetric information associated with business loans.     

Flight to liquidity and the Great Recession

This paper argues that counter-cyclical liquidity hoarding by financial intermediaries may strongly amplify business cycles. It develops a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model in which banks operate subject to agency problems and funding liquidity risk in their intermediation activity. Importantly, the amount of liquidity reserves held in the financial sector is determined endogenously: Balance sheet constraints force banks to trade off insurance against funding outflows with loan scale. A financial crisis, simulated as an abrupt decline in the collateral value of bank assets, triggers a flight to liquidity, which strongly amplifies the initial shock and induces credit crunch dynamics sharing key features with the Great Recession. The paper thus develops a new balance sheet channel of shock transmission that works through the composition of banks’ asset portfolios.     

A tool for scrutinizing bank bailouts based on multi-period peer benchmarking

In the wake of the recent global financial crisis central banks and regulators are concerned about re-direction of bailout funds into dividends. Yet, we do not know much about the extent banks follow dividend policies and funding decisions optimal to generating shareholders' wealth because banks have been mostly absent from an otherwise expansive literature on dividend policy. A relative, multi-period analysis of the troubled Japanese regional banks for the period 1998–2007 identifies inefficiencies in the levels of dividends, retained earnings, external funding and shareholder returns. The study unfolds further by investigating associations between inefficiencies and non-performing loans, followed by a comparison of efficient versus inefficient banks across good and bad economic times. The methodology captures linkages among yearly financial decisions over multiple periods, thus summarizing long-term performance. The new approach can guide continuous benchmarking of bank financial performance, as well as help policy-makers monitoring potential misappropriation of bailout funds during financial crises. The findings indicate a potential to adjust levels of debt and equity funding, and substantial room for improvement in shareholder returns. Associations between non-performing loans and technical inefficiencies are generally statistically significant.     

关于创建大连保税区离岸金融市场的研究

离岸金融业务是适应国际金融高度发展的需要,通过金融创新而迅速发展的一项新业务,它为国际金融活动开拓了新的空间,并带来了巨大的活力,因而开办离岸金融业务将成为我国商业银行重要的新业务领域,而建立我国自己的离岸金融市场更是推动我国银行跨国经营的现实途径。创建大连保税区离岸金融市场,把大连建成区域性国际金融中心,将为我国建立自己的离岸金融市场起到推动作用。     

上海浦东加快金融服务外包基地建设之我见

本文紧贴上海浦东金融服务外包发展的实际,在对上海浦东发展金融服务外包的优势、机遇和挑战进行详细分析的基础上,概括出上海浦东加快金融服务外包发展的基本走向与框架,并根据这一宏观趋势提出了产学研开放推进浦东金融服务外包的四维构想,从金融服务外包产业发展研究、企业成长服务、专业人才培养、国际交流论坛等四个方面,为上海浦东加快发展金融服务外包基地建设提出了切实可行的建议。