论奥曼在重复博弈领域中的开创性研究

奥曼教授开创性的定义了“博弈论”的概念，并最早把在可转移效用中广泛应用的“稳定集”和“核心”的定义扩充到了非转移效用领域，同时指出博弈论中的非转移效用值不一定是唯一确定的。在此基础上，促进了在更一般的不完全信息的重复博弈理论领域中的研究。     

2005年诺贝尔经济学奖得主学术思想介绍

文章首先研究了2005年诺贝尔经济学奖获得者罗伯特.奥曼(Robert Aumann)和美国人托马斯.谢林(Thomas Schelling)在博弈论领域的主要学术贡献。他们共同推动了博弈论的理论发展,实现了该理论与实际的紧密结合。他们通过博弈理论的分析增强世人对合作与冲突的理解,不但对微观经济行为的影响深刻,而且对各国的经济政治政策的制定以及国际交往具有深远影响。     

奥曼及其无限重复博弈理论——2005年诺贝尔经济学奖述评

奥曼重复博弈理论形成了一个跨越其它相关领域的视野开阔、思想敏锐和内容深刻的文献”，奥曼和谢林的研究不仅解释了价格战和贸易战这样的经济冲突以及为何一些社区在运营共同拥有的资源方面更具成效，从更广泛的意义上来说，更为我们理解国家、团体和个人之间的冲突与合作提供了强有力的分析工具。     

博弈论从经济学范畴向社会政治科学的拓展——2005年诺贝尔经济学奖再度花落博弈论之解析

奥曼和谢林有关博弈论的学术成果，极大地扩展了博弈论的内涵和外延，博弈论的应用已不仅仅限于经济学范畴，逐渐成为分析和解决社会政治等领域冲突与合作的有力工具。他们的研究论证了博弈参与方如何在冲突中求得合作，最终实现双赢，这不仅为解决国际贸易争端等经济领域的问题奠定了理论基础，而且还有利缓解冲突和避免战争，解决军事和国际关系等领域的问题。博弈论的应用从经济学范畴拓展至社会政治领域，奥曼和谢林也因此再度折桂2005年诺贝尔经济学奖。     

罗伯特·奥曼和托马斯·谢林的贡献——2005年诺贝尔经济学奖述评

罗伯特.奥曼和托马斯.谢林是2005年诺贝尔经济学奖获得者。奥曼的主要贡献包括:发展了重复博弈理论、对合作博弈中“核”解与经济一般竞争性均衡间等价性的证明以及提出“谈判集”作为合作博弈的解等。谢林所提出的诸如冲突、承诺、协调等重要概念,为促进早期博弈论理论体系的发展完善起到了重要的推动作用,为推动博弈论在实践中的广泛运用所作出了重要贡献。     

博弈论又一次在经济学中辉煌——2005年诺贝尔经济学奖得主奥曼与谢林对经济学的贡献评介

谢林和奥曼深入发展了非合作博弈。谢林最主要的理论有讨价还价和冲突管理、相互依存的选择和行为、自我控制理论，他认为许多相似的交互行为可以视为包括共同利益与冲突利益的非合作博弈；奥曼最主要的理论贡献是重复博弈理论和对博弈论基础概念的提炼与创新，他证明了在长期中交互行为可以用正规非合作博弈理论来分析。两位的研究加深了我们对冲突与合作的理解。     

论博弈论的再次胜利——2005年诺贝尔经济学奖评介

奥曼和谢林进一步发展了合作博弈理论，并开始涉及社会学领域之中的很多问题，他们分别从数学以及经济学的角度入手，将“长期重复博弈之后的合作”引入对社会交互作用的理解，并对其进行了深入的分析。     

2005年度诺贝尔经济学奖新闻公报

瑞典皇家科学院2005年10月10日宣布,将本年度诺贝尔经济学奖联合授予以色列经济学家罗伯特·奥曼(Robert J．Aumann)和美国经济学家托马斯·谢林,以表彰他们“通过博弈论分析而增进我们对冲突和合作的理解”。有关两位获奖者的评介文章可参考本刊“潜在诺贝尔经济学奖得主评介系列”专栏文章,分别为:李军林、郑志《罗伯特·奥曼对经济学和博弈论的贡献》(2001年第5期)和朱小梅、田贤亮《托马斯·谢林非数理博弈理论评介》(2001年第1期)。     

指向合作与和谐的理论——2005年度诺贝尔经济学奖得主学术贡献评介

瑞典皇家科学院10月10日宣布,将2005年诺贝尔经济学奖授予有以色列和美国双重国籍的罗伯特·奥曼(Robert J．Aumann)和美国人托马斯·谢林 (Thomas C．Schelling),以表彰他们在博弈论领域做出的贡献。这是继1994年诺贝尔经济学奖得主约翰·豪尔绍尼(John Harsanyi),约翰·纳什(John Nash) 和莱因哈德·泽尔腾(Reinhard Selten)之后,又两位因博弈论研究而获得诺贝尔经济学奖的经济学家。     

刘方木或的经济思想与学术贡献

刘方核教授是北京大学经济学院教授,著名经济学家,我国消费经济学和生产力经济学的主要倡导者和创始人之一,国内消费经济学研究方向惟一的博士研究生导师,主要研究方向为社会主义经济理论与实践、消费经济学和生产力经济学。刘方核教授在这些研究领域均做出了突出的贡献,先后荣     

我国房地产税制的现状及改革构想

房地产税制是维护房地产市场公平竞争，实现国家对房地产业宏观调控的有力杠杆。然而，我国现行的房地产税制却存在税费不分、税制不统一、税制结构不合理等诸多问题。严重影响了其对房地产业应有的宏观调控作用。因此，适时地推进房地产税制的改革应是当务之急，应统一内外税制，合理界定税费的范围，建立统一、规范、合理的房地产税收体系。     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988–2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988–1990 period and the 1991–2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988-2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988-1990 period and the 1991- 2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

Payment Systems in Countries in Transition

MOCT-MOST: Economic Policy in Transitional Economies -     

西部地区人力资本投资与知识化发展

人力资本投资在推动知识化发展的过程中存在自增强机制，通过促进人力资本保值增值，进行人力资源合理配置，改善配置环境和配置政策、完善配套措施，有助于充分发挥这一机制的功能，从而实现西部地区知识化发展。     

Inequalities in Income Distribution in Slovenia

This article presents an empirical analysis of income distribution based on income tax data for Slovenia in 1991-2000. It presents evidence of rising inequalities in income distribution (gross income, gross wages and pensions). These results are supported by coefficients of variation, Gini coefficients and by the Lorenz curves. Inequalities increased rapidly in the 1991 to 1993 period. After a significant decrease in 1994 and a steady increase from 1995 to 2000, the peak value from 1993 was not surpassed. Atkinson's requirements for dominance comparisons are not violated. Inequalities are also present in the distribution of the benefits of economic growth among income groups.     

上海生态农业发展影响因素研究

文章分析了上海生态农业发展的影响因素,并利用计量模型进行检验,认为影响上海生态农业发展的主要因素有农业基础设施、农业劳动力资源、农业产业化水平、农业科技实力状况。     

Age Discrimination in Employment in Canada

Issues pertaining to age discrimination in employment in Canada are analyzed with a view toward highlighting lessons that may be learned from the Canadian experience—an experience that is taking on increased policy importance. Reasons for the increased attention to age discrimination issues are outlined, followed by a portrayal of the age discrimination legislation and court interpretations in Canada, especially as they pertain to mandatory retirement. Enforcement aspects are discussed, as is the evidence on age discrimination in employment and the effectiveness of legislation with respect to age discrimination and mandatory retirement. The article concludes with a discussion of the lessons to be learned from the Canadian experience, especially with respect to the poorly understood but complicated relationship between age discrimination and mandatory retirement. Policy recommendations for strengthening age discrimination legislation are also outlined. (JEL J14 , J24 , J71 )     

Inter-enterprise arrears in economies in transition

In the context of economies in transition, the paper argues that an excessive liquidity squeeze could throw the economy into a persistent state of low economic activity. In such bad equilibrium, enterprise transactions become largely demonetized, with a chain of arrears, a form of involuntary credit, spreading over the entire system. The empirical analysis of the Romanian experience seems to support the view advanced in the paper.     

Issues in Childcare Policy in Australia

This article assesses the feasibility and desirability of a universal scheme of early childhood education for Australian children aged 3 and 4 years old.