实验市场中的价格预期

采用4个变化的口头双向拍卖模拟市场(2个先稳定后通胀,2个先通胀后稳定),本研究发现通胀市场中的预期与理性预期假设吻合良好,同时通货预期不受通胀率的影响。相反稳定市场不支持理性预期模型。结合Williams(1987)的研究结果,本研究提示市场设置是影响稳定市场和通胀市场表现差异的主要原因。     

实验市场中的价格预期

采用4个变化的口头双向拍卖模拟市场(2个先稳定后通胀，2个先通胀后稳定)，本研究发现通胀市场中的预期与理性预期假设吻合良好，同时通货预期不受通胀率的影响。相反稳定市场不支持理性预期模型。结合Williams(1987)的研究结果，本研究提示市场设置是影响稳定市场和通胀市场表现差异的主要原因。     

我国学习型通胀预期及特征——基于适应性学习机制的实证研究

本文通过推导卡尔曼滤波式适应性学习方程,利用1990年第1季度至2016年第2季度的通胀数据,对我国学习型通胀预期的特征进行估计,并进一步从认知偏差检验、无偏性检验和有效性检验三个层面对我国学习型通胀预期的特征进行了检验.研究结果表明:我国学习型通胀预期较好地反映了实际通胀率的波动,央行在制定货币政策时有较明显的平滑倾向,学习型通胀预期有较明显的近理性特征.     

适应性学习与中国通货膨胀非均衡分析

本文立足于公众预期的有限理性,将三种适应性学习过程引入混合新凯恩斯菲利普斯曲线,构建刻画通货膨胀非均衡运行机制的动态模型。使用2001年1季度至2015年3季度实际数据估计参数的基础上,遴选出合意的学习模型。模拟分析发现:(1)在适应性学习预期下,通货膨胀运行呈现出非均衡特点;(2)降低通胀预期和通胀惯性在通胀驱动机制中的影响力可以有效抑制均衡通胀,通胀惯性的影响力度大于通胀预期;(3)公众预期的理性程度提高有助于降低实际通胀对均衡的偏离度。本文认为稳定物价的货币政策应从两方面推进:(1)通过提高公众预期的理性程度降低实际通胀对均衡的偏离;(2)长期内须引导经济收敛于一个合意的低水平均衡通胀。本文建议货币政策应结合制度建设长短配合共同抑制均衡通胀;同时预期管理要规避短视化倾向、完善信息披露机制,在长期则须提高国民的经济学受教育程度、增强公众对经济状况的判断力。     

央行沟通与通货膨胀预期

通过合理政策有效引导通货膨胀预期对当前中国经济具有重要现实意义.本文用自回归分布滞后模型和EGARCH模型捕捉央行沟通对通胀预期及其波动的影响.实证结果表明:央行沟通传递的货币政策信息被市场有效捕捉和解读,实现了通胀预期管理目的,增加沟通频率能有效降低通胀预期波动;但央行的"言行偏离"加剧了短期通胀预期波动,降低了央行沟通和货币政策操作的实际效果;通胀预期存在分布厚尾性和右偏斜,市场出现极端预期的概率较大,且更倾向于预期通胀上升,通胀预期波动的群聚特性表明其具有阶段性自我强化特征.研究结论为央行沟通的有效性提供了实证支撑,揭示出的通胀预期分布特征对提高央行预期管理措施的针对性具有参考价值.     

中国通胀预期、通货膨胀和农产品价格的关系研究

在引入通胀预期这一因素后,根据2002—2011年样本利用VAR方法对通胀预期、通货膨胀和农产品价格三者之间的动态关系进行实证分析。研究发现,三个变量具有很强的趋同性,通胀预期和通货膨胀均有明显的惯性,并且通胀预期对通胀的影响要大于通胀对通胀预期的影响;农产品价格和通货膨胀之间存在着双向的因果关系,农产品价格受到通货膨胀56%的决定性影响,而农产品价格对通货膨胀的影响仅为14%。     

局部性改革的逻辑:理论与中国农村市场发展和商业环境的案例

本文检验中国1945—1949年恶性通货膨胀期间是否存在价格泡沫,并据此考察理性预期路径的收敛性。结论认为通胀中含有显著的泡沫成分,尤其在样本后半期恶性通胀主要由泡沫所推动而脱离了市场基本面;由于泡沫成分的存在,理性通胀预期的路径并不收敛。经验结论还表明这一时期货币供给主要是内生决定的,预期价格上涨导致名义货币供给几乎同比例增长。这保证了政府的实际铸币税收益,也意味着通货膨胀和货币增长循环相因构成恶性循环。本文的方法为当前我国资产市场泡沫问题的研究提供了参考。     

中国通货膨胀的形成机制与时变转换特征研究

本文构建了分区制附加预期的新凯恩斯菲利普斯模型,构造物价一致合成指数作为通货膨胀变量,基于时变概率马尔科夫区制转移(MS-TVTP)方法分析通胀预期对通胀形成的差异化影响并研究通货膨胀状态的时变转换特征。结论认为,在适度通胀阶段,通胀预期最易于形成通货膨胀;在高通胀状态下,受到经济基本面和通胀"惯性"的影响,通胀预期对通胀的影响程度减弱;低通胀区制中的通胀预期往往难以自我加强,通货紧缩的循环不稳固。此外,MS TVTP模型中通货膨胀时变区制转换概率的估计结果表明,相对于推动通胀上升,需求和供给因素驱动通胀回落的时滞更长,并且需求和供给因素对通胀状态转换的作用由稳定向逐渐增强转变。管理好通胀预期,提高通胀调控政策的精准性和有效性,将成为稳定物价的重要内容。     

政策可信性变动对菲利普斯曲线稳定性的影响——来自中国的经验证据

文章以1994年前后的价格冲击下人民银行将适应性政策转变为非适应性政策这一事件为背景,考察了公众对政策可信性的变动及其对通胀预期形成方式和菲利普斯曲线稳定性的影响。我们首先在理性预期假定下设定引入政策可信性变量的菲利普斯曲线模型。通过对"产出-物价"曲线的判断,SVAR模型中通胀冲击下通胀和产出缺口的响应函数以及菲利普斯曲线模型的递归最小二乘法检验,得出我国公众对政策的可信性增加,进而导致其通胀预期形成方式中的前向参照政策信息的成分增加,菲利普斯曲线发生改变。这就意味着,如果人民银行试图维持通胀预期形成方式和菲利普斯曲线的稳定,就应该保证政策可信性具有稳定性,而且,从长期实现价格稳定目标的角度来看,人民银行还应不断提高这一政策的可信性。     

中国通货膨胀预期:理性还是适应性

在介绍我国通胀预期测量与估计方法的基础上,分析差额法、正态分布概率法、均匀分布概率法和Logistic分布概率法下通胀预期的形成机制。研究表明,通胀预期的理性或适应性的判断取决于我国居民对未来物价预期所服从的分布,均匀分布下的通胀预期具有较强的特殊性,并且这种分布直接影响着政策制定部门抑制通胀的侧重方向。     

"中国之谜"-文献综述和一个假说

该文首先就中国之谜产生的背景及其争论进行了总结分析.然后通过引入以资本市场为代表的虚拟经济部门将传统的局限于实体经济部门的货币数量论拓展为包括资本市场、商品市场和货币市场的广义货币数量论模型,在新模型框架下分析了中国之谜的生成机理;我们发现大量货币在资本市场的积聚是货币供应量与物价关系反常的直接原因.中国之谜是货币虚拟化过程中虚拟经济和实体经济关系失调的结果.     

中国股市是弱式有效的吗-基于一种新方法的实证研究

该文采用一种新的统计方法来检验中国股票市场的有效性,结果表明沪市和深市都尚未达到弱式有效,尽管它们的有效程度随着时间的推移有所改善.我们还发现,A股市场比B股市场有效性相对更高,但没有系统的证据显示沪深股市谁的有效性更高.与大部分研究中国股市有效性的文献不同,我们采用的检验方法适合高频金融数据的特点(如允许任意形式的波动聚类的存在),因而结论更有说服力.这些实证结果,对于中国股市中股票收益的预测、资本资产定价和金融资源配置效率等问题的研究都具有重要的现实意义.     

Private information, money, and growth: Indeterminacy, fluctuations, and the Mundell-Tobin effect

We introduce an informational asymmetry into an otherwise standard monetary growth model and examine its implications for the determinacy of equilibrium, for endogenous economic volatility, and for the relationship between steady-state output and the rate of money growth. Some empirical evidence suggests that, for economies with low initial inflation rates, permanent increases in the money growth rate raise long-run output levels. This relationship is reversed for economies with high initial inflation rates. Our model predicts this pattern. Moreover, in economies with high enough rates of inflation, credit rationing emerges, monetary equilibria become indeterminate, and endogenous economic volatility arises.     

THE MISSING LINK BETWEEN INFLATION UNCERTAINTY AND INTEREST RATES

In the literature, there is no consensus about the direction of the effects of inflation uncertainty on interest rates. This paper states that such a result may stem from differentiation in the sources of the uncertainties and analyzes the effects of different types of inflation uncertainties on a set of interest rates for the UK within an interest rate rule framework. Three types of inflation uncertainties – impulse uncertainty, structural uncertainty and steady‐state uncertainty – are derived by using a time‐varying parameter model with a Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity specification. It is shown that the impulse uncertainty is positively and the structural uncertainty is negatively correlated with the interest rates. Moreover, these two uncertainties are important to explain short‐term interest rates for the period of inflation targeting era. However, this time, the impulse uncertainty is negatively and the structural uncertainty is positively correlated with the overnight interbank interest rates, which is consistent with the general characteristic of the inflation targeting regimes. Lastly, the evidence concerning the effect of the steady‐state inflation uncertainty on interest rates is not conclusive.     

Currency substitution,inflation, and welfare

Currency substitution affects the mapping between social welfare and inflation by altering the underlying money demand function and influencing interest rates. In order to explore the essence of this effect, I build a model with working capital under which foreign currency is substituted with the less liquid components of domestic money. The framework closely mimics the actual pattern of currency substitution across varying rates of inflation and enables the study of an additional channel that works through the impact of currency substitution on interest rates. It is found that there is a threshold inflation rate, which turns out to be 44% under baseline calibration, below which currency substitution decreases welfare and vice versa. A practical implication is that, at inflation rates lower (greater) than the threshold, the potential welfare gains from disinflation to a near-zero inflation rate are higher (lower) if there is currency substitution than otherwise.     

Nonlinearity and time-variation in the monetary model of exchange rates

In this paper we analyze the existence of nonlinear relationships between macroeconomic fundamentals and exchange rates for some major industrialized countries using an error correction model with time-varying parameters for the post Bretton Woods period. We find that inflation rate differentials with respect to the US inflation rate are the driving forces for the nonlinear relationships in the monetary model for exchange rates for the data from Germany, the UK, Canada, France and Italy. In addition to the variables in the traditional monetary model, also the relative interest rates are relevant in determining exchange rate changes only when the inflation differentials are either very large or very small. In contrast to previous studies we find significant long-run effects in the error correction representation of the monetary model for exchange rates when the nonlinear dynamics is taken into account in the analysis.     

中国经济的最优通货膨胀

制定一个适宜的长期通胀目标对于提高社会经济福利具有重要意义。本文构建了一个代表性的DSGE模型,用贝叶斯方法对模型进行了参数估计,并估算了在各种不同的货币政策规则下,中国经济所应选择的最优通胀目标。研究结果表明从短期看3%左右的通胀目标是最优的,而从中长期看低通胀目标(0.5%—1%)是最优的。本文的政策建议是盯住低通胀目标有利于长期社会经济福利,管住货币,看紧通胀仍应是中国央行货币政策制定的首要考量。     

The transmission of inflation between the United States and Canada: An empirical analysis

This paper investigates the causal patterns, in the sense of Granger, which characterize the relationships between U.S. and Canadian inflation rates under different exchange rate regimes. Both bivariate and multivariate models are considered. The results suggest that the flexible exchange rate period of the 1950s exhibits no insulating effects with causal inferences similar to those from the fixed rate era of the 1960s. For the flexible rate period of the 1970s the bivariate model indicates that U.S. and Canadian inflation are independent but when the model is expanded to include money growth rates in each country, evidence of a direct, nonmonetary causal link from U.S. inflation to Canadian inflation is found.     

Partial inflation indexation and long-run inflation targeting in a growing economy: A comparison of Calvo and Rotemberg pricing models

The observed 2% long run inflation target in most developed industrial nations is in variance with the zero or negative optimal inflation rates predicted by prominent monetary theories. Using a calibrated simple New-Keynesian model with endogenous growth and nominal rigidity, we compare two price setting environments of Calvo (1983) and Rotemberg (1982). In our growth model, the steady state welfare maximizing inflation takes into account the growth effect as well as the price distortionary effects of inflation. The long-run welfare maximizing trend inflation could be positive in economies with nominal rigidity in the form of partial inflation indexation and price stickiness. A higher degree of inflation indexation lowers the steady state price distortion in the Calvo model and steady state price adjustment cost in Rotemberg model and raises the long run optimal inflation. Since the productive inefficiency caused by partial inflation indexation is higher in Calvo economy compared to Rotemberg, the long run optimal trend inflation is higher in Rotemberg than in Calvo. In both models, a two percent long run inflation target is attainable for a reasonable degree of inflation indexation.