交通基础设施和人力资本对区域创新能力影响研究

笔者使用中国1995—2015年面板数据,采用不同空间权重矩阵构建动态空间杜宾面板模型,使用误差修正准极大似然估计方法经验分析了交通基础设施和人力资本对区域创新能力的空间溢出效应.结果显示:交通基础设施和人力资本在空间相邻权重矩阵和空间距离幂权重矩阵(Ψ=-1)中对区域创新能力具有显著空间溢出效应.其中,交通基础设施发挥扩散作用,人力资本发挥集聚作用;交通基础设施和人力资本对区域创新能力具有动态特征;交通基础设施和人力资本对区域创新能力提升的速度没有显著影响.     

产学研合作对区域创新产出的影响研究——基于人力资本和金融支持的门槛效应

文章基于2009-2018年中国30个省份面板数据,采用普通固定效应模型和面板门槛模型对产学研合作与区域创新产出之间的关系进行了研究.研究结果表明,产学研合作对区域创新产出有显著的促进作用;人力资本未跨越门槛值时,产学研合作对区域创新产出的促进作用相对较小,人力资本跨越门槛值后,产学研合作对区域创新产出的促进作用明显增大;当金融支持低于门槛值时,产学研合作对区域创新产出呈现不显著的正向影响,金融支持高于门槛值时,产学研合作对区域创新产出的正向影响变得显著,且影响程度明显增强.研究结论明晰了人力资本和金融支持作为创新资源环境在产学研合作影响区域创新产出中的作用机理,有助于优化创新资源环境和推动区域创新产出.     

区域智力资本与区域创新能力的关系——一个理论分析框架

本文从理论上全面透彻分析了区域智力资本与区域创新能力之间的关系,运用组织智力资本理论将区域智力资本划分为三个要素（区域人力资本、区域关系资本和区域结构资本）,并分别从三个方面逯一分析研究了它们各自与区域创新能力之间的关系．从而诠释了区域智力资本与区域创新能力之间相互促进、相辅相成的依赖关系。通过研究认为,区域人力资本与区域创新能力之间是一种双向互动关系,区域关系资本与区域创新能力之间存在着双向作用关系,区域创新能力和区域结构资本之间是一种相互依赖、互为因果、共同进化的“互动”因果关系。     

区域智力资本与区域创新能力——基于相关关系及其影响模型的实证研究

本文利用我国31个省(市、区)2006年的截面数据,定量研究了区域智力资本和区域创新能力的关系。研究结果显示:区域创新能力与区域智力资本及其各要素(区域人力资本、区域关系资本、区域结构资本)之间都存在正相关关系;区域创新能力与区域人力资本和区域结构资本的各构成要素之间也存在正相关关系;区域智力资本三要素之间高度相关,区域关系资本与区域结构资本之间的相关性最强,这说明区域智力资本三要素之间是相互影响的,一个地区的关系资本很大程度上受结构资本的影响和制约。     

研发投入对区域创新能力的影响

研发投入是区域创新能力的重要影响因素,其作用形式可能是非线性的。以中国2007—2015年30个省际(西藏及港澳台地区除外)面板数据为研究样本,利用面板门槛模型考察了研发投入影响区域创新能力的金融发展水平门槛效应。研究表明:研发劳动投入、研发资金投入对中国区域创新能力的影响存在着基于金融发展水平的"单一门槛效应",研发投入与中国区域创新能力之间的非线性关系是显著存在的;研发劳动投入能推动中国区域创新能力,而研发资金投入对中国区域创新能力的提升具有一定的抑制作用;区域创新能力的主要促进因素有研发劳动、城市化水平、政府投入、地区经济发展水平、对外直接投资;当金融发展水平处在不同区间时,研发劳动投入、研发资金投入对区域创新能力的影响存在着明显的差异。     

OFDI逆向技术溢出、制度质量与区域创新能力——基于两步差分GMM门槛面板模型的实证分析

基于2005—2016年我国省际面板数据,首先通过OLS、DIFF-GMM、SYS-GMM3种基准线性回归方法论证了OFDI逆向技术溢出对我国区域创新能力的促进作用。以OFDI为核心解释变量,分别构建以地区腐败、市场化程度和知识产权保护为门槛变量的动态门槛回归模型。结果发现:随着地区腐败程度加深,我国区域创新能力逐渐减弱;以市场化程度、知识产权保护为门槛变量,跨越门槛点后OFDI对我国区域创新能力的拉动作用依次增强。最后,结合面板向量自回归模型进一步研究对外直接投资过程中地区腐败、市场化程度和知识产权保护对区域创新能力的动态即期冲击。结果显示:市场化程度单位变动对区域创新能力的影响呈现正向冲击且持续性较强,知识产权保护对区域创新能力的拉动最为迅速但后期持续性较弱,地区腐败对区域创新能力产生负向冲击作用。     

人力资本与区域经济增长:只是线性关系吗

本文通过引入人力资本部门内的溢出效应,在理论模型推导基础上,利用中国省际面板数据考察了人力资本对经济增长的非线性影响。实证结果发现全国范围和东部地区的人力资本与经济增长之间存在鲜明的非线性关系,且东部地区人力资本溢出效应的门槛值(7.68)明显高于全国平均水平(5.81);同时,由于受人力资本自身存量以及区域经济发展阶段的影响,中、西部地区人力资本与经济增长之间并不存在非线性关系,只存在一般的线性关系。     

OFDI逆向技术溢出、制度质量与区域创新能力

基于2005—2016年我国省际面板数据,首先通过OLS、DIFF GMM、SYS GMM3种基准线性回归方法论证了OFDI逆向技术溢出对我国区域创新能力的促进作用。以OFDI为核心解释变量,分别构建以地区腐败、市场化程度和知识产权保护为门槛变量的动态门槛回归模型。结果发现：随着地区腐败程度加深,我国区域创新能力逐渐减弱;以市场化程度、知识产权保护为门槛变量,跨越门槛点后OFDI对我国区域创新能力的拉动作用依次增强。最后,结合面板向量自回归模型进一步研究对外直接投资过程中地区腐败、市场化程度和知识产权保护对区域创新能力的动态即期冲击。结果显示:市场化程度单位变动对区域创新能力的影响呈现正向冲击且持续性较强,知识产权保护对区域创新能力的拉动最为迅速但后期持续性较弱,地区腐败对区域创新能力产生负向冲击作用。     

国内市场一体化对出口技术复杂度提升的门槛效应研究

利用中国2003-2016年30个省份的面板数据,采用门槛回归模型实证检验了市场一体化对出口技术复杂度的影响效应及约束机制。研究结果表明,市场一体化对出口技术复杂度的影响具有门槛效应和边际效率递增的非线性特征。市场一体化水平只有跨越一定门槛才会对出口技术复杂度提升发挥积极作用。同时,市场一体化对出口技术复杂度的提升作用还受到人力资本和创新能力的约束。只有在人力资本和创新能力达到一定水平时,市场一体化对出口技术复杂度的提升作用才能充分发挥,并且随着人力资本水平和创新能力的提高,这种促进作用将越来越强。这一结论对中国推动国内统一大市场建设,提高人力资本和科技创新水平,实现贸易强国目标具有借鉴意义。     

区域智力资本与区域创新能力的评估——基于我国2006年截面数据的实证研究

本文采用智力资本的"H-S-C"范式,运用主成分分析方法和因子分析方法对我国31个省(市、区)2006年的区域智力资本和区域创新能力进行了评估。研究发现:人口素质、医疗与社会保障水平对区域人力资本的贡献最大,国内外贸易及经济往来对区域关系资本的贡献最大,政府服务保障与社会沟通机制对区域结构资本的贡献最大,创新投入与创新过程对区域创新能力的贡献最大;区域人力资本受经济发展水平和教育投入力度的影响较大,区域关系资本受区位优势的影响较大,区域结构资本受体制、制度、机制和经济发展环境氛围的影响较大。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Solidified Branding Function: How the Urban Brand Affects a Small Town’s Development? Case Study of Wangqingtuo,Tianjin, China

Chinese small towns are usually developed with single core industry,and the urban brand is the identity of a town that formed with the development of its indust...     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Neurally reconstructing expected utility

While the concept of “expected utility” informs many theories of decision making, little is known about whether and how the human brain might compute this quantity. This article reviews a series of functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) experiments designed to localize brain regions that respond in anticipation of increasing amounts of monetary incentives. These studies collectively suggest that anticipation of increasing monetary gains activates a subcortical region of the ventral striatum in a magnitude-proportional manner. This ventral striatal activation is not evident during anticipation of losses. Actual gain outcomes instead activate a region of the mesial prefrontal cortex. During anticipation of gain, ventral striatal activation is accompanied by feelings characterized by increasing arousal and positive valence. These findings affirm the role of emotion in the anticipation of incentives, and may provide an initial step towards a neural reconstruction of expected utility.     

Duplication, Growth and ‘Total Return Economics’

Maintenance consumption is an expense recovered in product prices, yet also a source of taste satisfaction which must be exhausted, rather than reinvested, from the capital affording it. This riddle is solved in the duplication rules: the cost of maintenance consumption is recovered in pay and prices, but an equal flow is exhausted from the human capital of the worker earning the pay. The rules impact tradition in several ways. If output is defined in principle as value added, then it cannot also be described as consumption plus net investment without double-counting the maintenance consumption recovered in prices. Also rate of return in the stationary state is not zero, but is the rate sufficient to offset the exhaustion of individual human capital. The rules lead to new insights into economic return, and support an argument that all growth at the scale of closure is due to productivity gain rather than to thrift.