改进交易效率的农业生产性服务业发展机理与实证研究

基于劳动分工理论与超边际分析方法,构建改进交易效率的农业生产性服务业发展模型,运用面板数据模型对理论模型进行了实证检验。研究发现:商品市场交易效率、农户数量规模、政府补贴和农户劳动力变化是影响改进交易效率的农业生产性服务业发展的四个因素。其中,商品市场交易效率对改进交易效率的农业生产性服务业发展不具有显著正向影响,农户分布密度、政府补贴和城镇化率提高1%,改进交易效率的农业生产性服务业发展水平分别提高0.135、0.955和2.714。     

辽西走廊地带城镇化发展思路研究

辽西走廊地带是连接东北与华北两大经济区的重要纽带,也是环渤海经济圈的重要一环,其城镇化发展战略研究意义重大。在充分研究辽西走廊地带的区域特征基础之上,分析了辽西走廊地带城镇化的发展特点,探讨了辽西走廊地带城镇化发展的动力机制和未来城镇化发展的制约因素,提出了辽西走廊地带城镇化发展战略的若干构想。     

International risk sharing and commodity prices

Abstract Cole and Obstfeld (1991) exposited a classic result where equilibrium movements in the terms of trade could make ex ante risk‐sharing arrangements unnecessary: a unity elasticity of substitution across goods and production specialization. This paper extends their model to N countries and M commodities (N > M). Here the terms of trade provides insurance against commodity‐specific shocks, not country‐specific shocks. Using commodity‐level production data at the national level and world commodity prices, we document significant terms of trade variability and positive responses of nation‐specific production to terms of trade improvements. The endogenous terms of trade insurance mechanism highlighted in CO is virtually non‐existent.     

S-Curve at the industry level: evidence from US–UK commodity trade

Backus et al. in (Am Econ Rev 84(1): 84–103, 1994) found that the cross-correlation function between terms of trade and trade balance resembles the letter S and labeled it the S-curve. Support for S-curve is rather weak in some cases, most notably US when aggregate trade data are used. Empirical regularities based on aggregate trade data may suffer from a potential bias stemming from aggregation. Indeed, by employing US bilateral trade data excellent support for the S-curve is recovered. The support, however, was rather weak at the level of US–UK bilateral trade. Suspecting aggregation bias again, we employ US–UK trade data at the industry level and find overwhelming support for the S-curve. Furthermore, commodity attributes play no role. Valuable comments of an anonymous referee are greatly appreciated. Any error, however, is ours.     

新时代商品流通渠道再考察

在当前深化供给侧结构性改革的背景下,商品流通渠道如何支持社会产品实现高效、通畅、有序的流通过程,与去库存、去产能、降成本、补短板等问题息息相关。立足于马克思主义的商品流通理论,结合新时期社会主义市场经济的基本矛盾变化,本文对新时代商品流通渠道的新情况、新问题进行系统地再考察。本文具体分析了商品流通渠道及其经济内容、渠道的蛹化形态（直接流通渠道）及其常态化、渠道的发展形态（间接流通渠道）及其再蜕变、新时代商品流通的组织与运行等问题。     

我国城镇化模式的改革与创新

我国城镇化进程中,传统城镇化模式的弊端日益显现,如何探索新型城镇化模式的内涵,创新城镇化模式路径,引导我国城镇化发展方向,值得研究。通过对我国现有城镇化模式及其存在的问题的分析,提出城镇化模式中以产业规模决定就业规模、以就业规模决定人口规模的城镇规模创新,实现联合办公、综合管理的管理方式创新,发展生活性和生产性服务业的经济增长方式创新和文化建设中抓教育的创新,以推进城镇化有序发展。     

城市化与商品流通的关系研究:理论与实证

城市与商品流通是紧密相连的两个概念。城市的产生源自商品交换 ,交易效率提高导致了城市形成 ,由密度经济所引起的交易效率是城市规模合理化的标准。城市的发展促使了简单商品流通向发达商品流通的发展 ,而城市化水平的差异是造成流通水平差异的一个重要原因。因此 ,实行“流通先导”战略将是推动我国城市化健康发展的根本道路     

中国城市化快速发展的机制研究

中国城市化进入快速发展阶段,经济全球化和经济转型深刻地影响到城市化机制。文章建立了不确定条件下农村剩余劳动力的城市化决策模型,解释了制度创新对城市化的作用模式。在对传统工业化与城市化之间数量关系进行计量分析的基础上,提出了城市化快速发展主要由第三产业推动的观点。并根据工业制成品的进出口差额,粗略估计了封闭条件下中国的工业产值,计算了国际贸易对城市化水平的贡献程度。研究表明,城市化快速发展更多依赖于国际贸易和制度创新。     

The Urbanization Process and Economic Growth: The So-What Question

There is an extensive literature on the urbanization process looking at both urbanization and urban concentration, asking whether and when there is under or over-urbanization or under or over urban concentration. Writers argue that national government policies and non-democratic institutions promote excessive concentration—the extent to which the urban population of a country is concentrated in one or two major metropolitan areas—except in former planned economies where migration restrictions are enforced. These literatures assume that there is an optimal level of urbanization or an optimal level of urban concentration, but no research to date has quantitatively examined the assumption and asked the basic “so-what” question—how great are the economic losses from significant deviations from any optimal degrees of urban concentration or rates of urbanization? This paper shows that (1) there is a best degree of urban concentration, in terms of maximizing productivity growth (2) that best degree varies with the level of development and country size, and (3) over or under-concentration can be very costly in terms of productivity growth. The paper shows also that productivity growth is not strongly affected by urbanization per se. Rapid urbanization has often occurred in the face of low or negative economic growth over some decades. Moreover, urbanization is a transitory phenomenon where many countries are now fully urbanized.     

江苏省城市化区域差异发展研究

受区域社会经济发展水平不平衡的影响,江苏省的城市化出现了苏南、苏中及苏北之间较大的差异性,这种差异性表现在城市数量、城市规模、城市化水平、城市现代化、城市地域特征等诸方面。由于苏南、苏中、苏北的城市化发展环境不同,因此三地区在城市化过程中应采取不同的发展模式。沿江地区是江苏省最发达的地区,完善的交通通信网络、良好的互通基础、密集而等级分明的城镇、政府的大力支持等良好的内外部环境使沿江城市带的构建成为可能,沿江城市带的建设可发挥城市的集合规模效益,推动江苏省的城市化进程,增强城市的辐射能力。     

义乌市的快速城市化研究

义乌市的社会经济发展以义乌小商品市场为推动力,其城市化过程亦主要由专业批发市场的升级和规模的扩展而获得持续的动力。义乌市的快速城市化过程受大型专业批发市场发展的产业集聚和产业连锁机制的影响而得以实现。大型专业市场具有产业转型效应、空间结构重组效应和人口空间集聚效应,这些效应推动了义乌市实现快速城市化过程。在小商品市场的推动下,农村剩余劳动力快速转移、产业实现快速空间集聚是义乌市快速城市化的两大机制。     

中国农产品产业内贸易现状分析

By using HS classification, the author has divided total agricultural products into 24 categories. The paper calculated the G-L intra-industry trade index, Brülhart marginal intra-industry trade index, and Thom & McDowell marginal industry trade index for each type of agricultural products during the period from 1996 to 2005 in China. The conclusion shows the overall level of agricultural intra-industry trade is relatively low, and Brülhart index indicates China’s agricultural products decades of improvement mainly from inter-industry trade, at the same time Thom & McDowell index shows that China’s agricultural intra-industry trade growth is mainly from the growth of vertical intra-industry trade. __________ Translated from Guoji maoyi wenti 国际贸易问题 (Journal of International Trade), 2008, (1): 14–20     

产业转移背景下县域城镇化发展——基于地方政府行为的视角

近年来,随着发达地区产业加快向内陆地区转移,县城城镇化获得了快速发展的新契机。基于对广东省云浮市的县域经济调查,在县域地方政府行为视角下,分析产业转移对县域城镇化发展的影响。分析表明,在财税最大化和县域主体功能区实践下,县级政府倾向于发展大型资本密集型工业、建筑房地产业,在空间上则表现出向县城和少数重点镇集中的趋势。产业转移为县域城镇化提供了强大的经济动力,以县城为主导,以重点镇为支撑的县域城镇化格局开始形成,农村劳动力,尤其是外出回流劳动力加快向非农产业转移,但资本密集型产业限制了对人口的吸纳,不利于人口的城镇化进程。     

长三角城市群新型城镇化与生态效率耦合协调及驱动因素研究

随着我国迈入高质量发展阶段,城市可持续发展的一个重要难题就是城镇化与生态保护的协调问题。以长三角地区作为研究区域,利用熵权法和非期望产出SBM模型定量测度2005—2018年新型城镇化水平和生态效率;借助耦合协调模型,测度二者的时空格局及相对发展状态;通过构建Tobit模型,研究长三角地区新型城镇化与生态效率耦合的驱动因素。结果表明:(1)从综合发展水平来看,长三角地区新型城镇化、生态效率均呈上升趋势,但两个子系统之间发展不平衡;(2)从协调发展水平来看,长三角地区新型城镇化与生态效率的耦合协调度均值在0.38~0.72之间,整体处于上升趋势,经历了“拮抗—磨合—协调”三个阶段,且空间分异特征显著;研究阶段前期,发展水平多为新型城镇化超前,后期发展比例趋向均衡。(3)从驱动因素来看,资源聚集能力、经济发展水平、区域创新环境、社会促进能力对耦合协调度产生显著的积极影响,工业化水平及对外开放程度则对耦合协调度产生显著的负向影响,且地区间的驱动因素差异较为显著。     

我国军火贸易发展问题研究

军火贸易作为特殊的商品贸易,在国际上具有重要作用。中国是和平崛起的大国,在进行军火贸易的过程中严格秉承一定的原则,这使得尚不健全的我国军火贸易存在诸多局限。因此,从军火贸易的本身特点出发,描述了我国军火贸易的现状及存在问题,在此基础上,探讨了若想使我国军火贸易在国际市场上具有竞争能力应该实施的相关发展对策。     

城镇环境友好发展评价指标体系的构建及实证分析

利用2008—2012年我国东部某城镇的时间序列数据,选取经济、环境和社会3个子系统的35个指标,采用层次分析法和模糊综合评价法对该城镇的环境友好发展水平进行评价。结果表明:该城镇的环境友好发展水平逐年提高,2012年其环境友好发展总体水平为一般,其中经济子系统指标水平相对较低。提出:该城镇在今后发展中应将重点放在经济建设上,特别是应提高人均GDP和第三产业在经济发展中的比重。最后提出加快城镇环境友好发展的政策建议。     

The Urbanization of Chinese Midland and the Development of SME

The dual structure of industrialization and urbanization in China causes domestic under-demand in recent years. The development strategy of the small town determines the economy can only meet lower equilibrium. The route that emerges in the Midland is chosen to develop the regional key city or city to enclose actively, but this process will lead to new non-equilibrium that is pulled by the investment of government. Establishing a two-product model, this paper verifies that the endogenous motive force of growth of the urbanization is the division of labor, which also promotes the SME. So we draw a conclusion that the SME is the main force that can promotes the urbanization of the Midland.     

North–South Trade and Pollution Migration: The Debate Revisited

The paper examines the effect of freer North–South trade in goods on pollution, commodity terms-of-trade and national welfare, utilizing a factor endowment framework. North and South are distinguished in terms of the relative endowment of a pollution causing natural resource: South is relatively more resource abundant. Compared to the analysis of Copeland and Taylor (1994)—which is the central work so far on this subject—this paper internalizes the commodity terms-of-trade impact of individual environment policies. It is derived that if countries specialize completely in the free-trade equilibrium, both are induced to reduce their pollution as compared to autarky. It is interesting and paradoxical that the South also reduces its pollution, despite specializing in the pollution-intensive good. Again, contrary to common perception, free trade may entail an overall terms-of-trade loss for the North, while South will always have a positive change in the terms-of-trade. Finally, inspite of better environment, free trade may cause both the countries to gain or lose in terms of aggregate welfare. This research has benefitted from comments received at the conference on International Dimension of Environment Policy organized by the European Science Foundation and Tilburg University, October 7–12, 2000 Kerkrade, The Netherlands and the International Conference on Environment and Development organized by CITD, School of International Studies, JNU, April 7–8, 2005, New Delhi, India, as well as those received from two anonymous referees. A small section of this research was published in Mehra and Das (2002).     

中国大陆各地区城市化发展水平的统计分析

利用2008年中国大陆31个地区的数据，从经济、公共服务、城建和人口等四个因素出发，运用因子分析和系统聚类的方法建立各地区城市化发展水平评价指标体系。结果显示：中国大陆整体城市化发展水平还有待提高，地区间城市化发展水平差距较明显，城市化各方面的因素水平发展不平衡。应在大力发展城市基础设施建设的基础上，发挥优势地区的带动作用，促进城市化水平协调发展。     

广东新型城市化进程评价研究

新型城市化作为深刻影响21世纪人类发展的课题之一,将是影响我国现代化的重要方面,也将对全球生态系统、经济发展及人类生活产生深刻影响。本文从新型城市化的内涵出发,构建了一套较为完整的新型城市化指标体系,借鉴现代化标准研究,参考世界各国指标数据,得出新型城市化进程标准,运用层次分析法和功效系数法对广东省及21个地区新型城市化进程进行综合评价。其结果表明:广东新型城市化总体水平相对较高,但新型城市化评价指标体系中各指标之间的差异较大,新型城市化区域发展水平也极不平衡,应引起广东各级政府的高度重视。