Assessment of the agricultural sustainability of Shaanxi Province,China

It is significant for the study on the sustainable development of regional agriculture to monitor and measurethe trend of agricultural development with an effective method. The sustainable development of regional agricultureshould accord with regional population, rural economic development, social progress, resource and environmentalsupport. This paper establishes the evaluating indicators system of sustainable development of regional agriculture,evaluates the agricultural sustainable development in Shaanxi Province with a comprehensive multi-indicator method,analyzes the support of resource and environment for regional agriculture by the resource-development index and theenvironment-development index, and gets the conclusion that the indicators, such as education level, the income gapbetween urban and rural residents, the per capita area under cultivation and the consumption of pesticides and chemicalfertilizers per hectare, are the main factors to restrict agricultural sustainability, and that the pressure of the developmentof subsystems of population, economy and society on the subsystems of resource and environment turns out to bestronger and stronger. Agricultural environment gets better, but resource becomes one of the important factors to restrictthe development of regional agriculture. In a word, this paper highlights the potentials and limitations of sustainableagriculture of Shaanxi and helps identify the development direction in the future.     

Classification of regional agricultural structure: method and its application to China

Regional agriculture is the basis of regional sustainable development, so sustainable regional agricultural development is essential to the sustainable development of the whole society and becomes the focus of global research. The classification of regional agricultural structure is the basic work of regional agriculture study. This paper constructs index system （27 indices） of regional agricultural structure types with the three big indices： natural resources, developmental level of the agro-economy, and agro-ecological conditions. This paper also endows weight to every sub-classification index by means of AHP and obtains the comprehensive evaluation value of the three types of indices with arithmetic average weight approach. The regional agricultural structure can be classified into eight types in accordance with this evaluation results. The empirical study of China shows that the 31 provinces （municipalities and autonomous regions） are of different agriculture structural types. Finally, countermeasures of sustainsable agricultural development are put forward for the different agriculture structure features.     

Further development and sustainable utilization mode of grassland tourism resources： a ease study of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China

Tourism resources are important foundation for the development of tourism industry.Grassland is not only a kind of important resource but also a great attraction to visitors.Therefore,the integrated development and sustainable utilization of grassland tourism resources are of great significance.This paper,based on the analysis of literatures and the current problems existing in grassland tourism,summarizes the speciality of grassland tourism development,deals nation as example and carries out empirical research.Based on the status quo of grassland tourism resources in Inner Mongolia,this study analyzes the characteristics of grassland tourism resources,the necessity and feasibility of integrated development,then proposes the following suggestions： idea for development,mode of development,regional cooperation,tourism products development,especially the three modes of development based on the resources conditions - the mode of relying on market,the mode of combination aggregation and the mode of relying on quality.     

County financial ecology and the development of new socialist countryside in China

The new rural construction will involve many fields, such as the upgrade of the industrial structure of agriculture, the impravement of the efficiency in the use of agricultural resources, the increase of farmers＇ income, maintaining sustainable agricultural development, and strengthening the construction of agricultural service system and circulation system.Finance, as the core of modem economy, should serve the new rural construction. However, there are many problems about the financial system in the rural area for a long time. So it is vital to build a good county financial eco-environment to promote the development of county financial systems and give full scope to the supporting function of finance. Only when we solve the problems in rural financial ecology and make clear the government ＇s fanction and activities, the county financial environment can function and be improved. Based on the reality of county economic development and starting from the connotation of county financial ecology, this paper analyzes the status quo of county financial eco-environment, especially the significance of optimizing the county financial eco-environment under the macroscopic background that the country proposed the socialist new rural reconstruction, and proposes the opinions and suggestions to construct and the maintain county financial eco-environment.     

Further development and sustainable utilization mode of grassland tourism resources: a case study of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China

Tourism resources are important foundation for the development of tourism industry. Grassland is not only a kind of important resource but also a great attraction to visitors. Therefore, the integrated development and sustainable utilization of grassland tourism resources are of great significance. This paper, based on the analysis of literatures and the current problems existing in grassland tourism, summarizes the speciality of grassland tourism development, deals with the problem of speciality, and raises the modes of regional development, product development and management. This paper takes Inner Mongolia, the famous grassland tourism destination as example and carries out empirical research. Based on the status quo of grassland tourism resources in Inner Mongolia, this study analyzes the character- istics of grassland tourism resources, the necessity and feasibility of integrated development, then proposes the following suggestions: idea for development, mode of development, regional cooperation, tourism products development, espe- cially the three modes of development based on the resources conditions - the mode of relying on market, the mode of combination aggregation and the mode of relying on quality.     

Study on Effective Measures of Environmental Protection for Sustainable Development of Tourism Industry in the World Natural Heritage Wulingyuan

In the course of exploiting its tourist resources and developing tourism industry in the early days in Wulingyuan, the government did not pay enough attention and no forceful measures were taken to control the environment. As a result, a series of problems are produced. By analyzing the relationship between the tourism development in Wulingyuan scenic area and its environmental evolution, the paper exposes the basic reason why these environmental problems are produced, and according to the requirement of developing tourism, the paper puts forward some effective measures to reasonably control the distribution of the tourists flow and to protect tourist resources as well as the environment, so as to achieve the sustainable development of the area.     

Resource integration of regional economic development in northwest China

Northwestern area is the most arid and underdeveloped area in China. Lots of researches have been doneto find the approaches to alleviate poverty. But there are some problems, for example, how to invest, how to use capital,and why the utilization rate is ambiguous. Water, capital and human resources are analyzed in this paper to be comparedwith their Utilization rates. As a result, according to the dependences of economic growth on those resources, a newapproach has been selected to organize the integration ways among these resources for economic development innorthwestern China. The efficient ways to develop northwestern China are： firstly, use the wanting resources mosteffectively to make an efficient integration model of multiple resources. For example, enhance the utilization rate of waterto raise the value of other resources. Secondly, invest more in basic factors for economic development to upgrade thecompetitiveness in the western China. For example, invest more in primary education and sustainable development ofbasic natural resources in order to have more power for sustainable development.     

Quantitative analysis on the contribution of industrial structure change to sustainable development： a case study of Fujian Province

Development and sustainability are the core connotation of sustainable development. Sustainability of economic development and the provision capability of resources and environment are two aspects of sustainable development. The former ones are the foundation of the latter ones＇. Industrial structure has a close relationship with sustainable development. The optimization of industrial structure is the important base for the sustainable development of modern economy and also the important ways of the sustainable utilization of resources and environment; The intensive growth effect of industrial structure change has the meaning of sustainable development. This paper reviews and explains the theory on the contribution of indus＇trial structure change to sustainable development, builds the calculation model through introducing the coefficient of industrial structure change, makes an empirical study on the contribution of industrial structure change to sustainable development in Fujian, and puts forward ways and policies of optimizing industrial structure both among industries and inside the industry in the process of industrial structure change.     

The development rule of man-land relationship and Sustainable development for the artificial oasis in the east of north slopes of Tianshan Mountain

The paper researches on the pattern of man-land relationship of artificial oasis in the east of north Tian-shan Mountain,the development of Qitai artificial oasis and its relationship with envirorvnet.analyzes the facors influencing the change of Qitai artificiul oasis and its relationship with envirorunent,analyzes the factors influencing the change of Qitai artificial oasis and economic growth through grey analysis,and suggests the approaches of sustainable development of Qitai artificial oasis.Research shows that the pattern of artificial oasis and its environment had gone through three phases：the relatively harmonious stage.the unharmonious stage,and the new fragile balance stage.It also shows that the garden and the shelter-forest are useful to the sustainable development of Qitai oasis according to grey analysis.     

System analysis and path choice for modem agricultural development： a case study of Suzhou

From the view of system theory, modern agriculture in a region embodies elements conformity, structure optimization, multi-functionality and sustainable development. This paper first expounds on the relationship among agricultural elements, structure, function and development theoretically, compartmentalizes agriculture types based on human-land elements matching, and depicts the development path of agricultural multi-functionality. it shows that the matching of human-land elements is a key to agricultural types, and the multi-functionality is an indication of agricultural development stages. At last, as a case study of Suzhou in eastern coastal area, the paper analyzes the evolvement situation and developing mechanism and some typical models of modern agriculture which suit to agriculture system evolvement. The results .show that in Suzhou the agriculture productivity, has improved greatly; And along with the agriculture structure optimizing, agriculture function has translated from ＂production ＂ to ＂non- production and production ＂. With simulation of agricultural trend in Suzhou, it is .found that Suzhou has a LP- dependence （labor productivity） on agricultural element, so Suzhou will has much more potential in land productivity. Based on the above analysis on agricultural system, some typical patterns on modern agriculture in Suzhou are brought up, such as export-oriented agriculture, enterprises-leading agriculture, science and technology, parks agriculture, stereoseopic agriculture, and tourism and sightseeing agriculture.     

Water resources constraint force on urbanization in water deficient regions: A case study of the Hexi Corridor,arid area of NW China

Based on analysis of water crisis during rapid urbanization especially in arid and semi-arid areas around the world, the concept of Water Resources Constraint Force (WRCF) is presented. The method utilized to identify the existence of WRCF is also introduced. After a logarithmic relationship model between urbanization level and total water utilization is established, the method to measure the WRCF on urbanization is also obtained. A case study of the Hexi Corridor, a typical arid area in NW China is presented. The results indicate that when the population, economic and urban scales approach or exceed the water resources carrying capacity, or the utilization of water resources approaches or exceeds the threshold of natural water resources, the water resources system significantly slows down the development of socio-economic systems, including the urbanization process. Furthermore, where the scarcer water resources are, the larger water resources constraint intensity (WRCI) is. In the Hexi Corridor, the WRCI is the largest in the Shiyang River Basin, in the eastern part, and where water resources are the scarcest. The WRCI in the middle and western part of the Hexi Corridor is relatively smaller because of relatively more water resources. Subsequently, areas within the Hexi Corridor should take a range of different measures to lessen the WRCF on urbanization according to their specific water resources constraint types: (1) Areas of the very strong constraint type should take emergency measures to resolve their water problems, including transferring water from other river basins, limiting the population, economic and urban scales, innovating in institution, policy and technology of water utilization, and strengthening water resources planning and management in the whole river basin; (2) areas of the less strong constraint type should avoid traditional methods of water utilization during the process of urbanization and industrialization in areas of the very strong constraint type. They should adjust the urbanization pattern and construct an intensive water resources utilization system, so that total water utilization can realize zero or negative growth and water-ecology–economy system can realize harmonic and sustainable development.     

河西走廊地带旅游资源整合开发思路

近年,河西走廊地带旅游业发展迅速,但比起其他省区,差距却十分明显,原因之一就是其旅游资源在空间和经营管理上的分散,旅游资源和产品整体形象不够突出,产品线路以文化观光为主,结构较单一,开发思路及经营管理理念不能从整体考虑。如何有效整合河西走廊旅游资源,构建旅游精品片区,设计与之相协调的整合对策是关系甘肃省旅游业发展的重大课题之一。文章拟通过对河西旅游资源的概念性评价和资源整合条件分析,提出旅游整合开发的思路构想,以期对该区域旅游业竞争力的提升和经济一体化进程的加快有所裨益。     

论西北干旱区农业的发展问题

本文以河西走廊,新疆等为例,分析西北干旱区农业发展的潜力与可持续发展问题,认为：干旱区是中国未来农业的希望,干旱区节水农业具有巨大潜力,用生态系统观点促进干旱区农业持续发展。     

长株潭城市群两型农业建设的障碍因素及对策探析

长株潭农业发展的大趋势是两型农业，这也是现代农业的本质要求。阻碍两型农业发展的各种障碍性因素，主要包括环境问题、资源问题、工农差距问题、“三农”本身的弱质性问题等。只有采取积极措施，消除这些障碍性因素，长株潭城市群两型农业才能健康持续发展。     

发展农业循环经济是我国现代农业的现实选择

农业循环经济是遏制农业污染，提高农业资源有效利用的机制创新。它所体现的农业和谐发展是资源节约型经济发展，是农业可持续发展的有效路径，是农民生态致富之路，对改善生态环境、提高农民生活质量、促进农业发展具有重要作用。本文通过对农业循环经济的内涵进行深入剖析之后，提出发展农业循环经济是我国实现农业可持续发展的必由之路。     

发展观光休闲农业,实现农业可持续发展

发展观光休闲农业投资不多，效益明显，且能够利用我国丰富的农业资源、旅游资源以及劳动力资源，为实现农业可持续发展做出贡献。本文在分析了我国发展观光休闲农业存在的问题的基础上，提出了在我国发展观光旅游农业的可行性对策建议。     

我国资源节约型农业技术扩散的问题与对策研究

长期以来粗放型的增长方式导致当前我国农业发展面临严峻的挑战,如何突破资源对农业发展的制约是能否实现农业可持续发展的关键问题。资源节约型农业技术的普遍应用是解决这一问题的重要途径。文章分析了我国资源节约型农业技术的扩散过程中存在的诸多问题,并从宏观和微观两个层面剖析了其深层原因,最后进一步提出了相应的对策建议,如优化外部环境、充分发展相关扩散主体、加强配套技术和配套设施的完善等。     

我国农业可持续发展与制度创新互动机制探析

农业发展是农业制度创新的前提,制度创新对农业可持续发展又起着决定性作用.通过采用系统论的基本理论,将资源、经济、社会、环境四个子系统耦合成的农业可持续发展系统与制度创新视为复合系统,从静态机制和动态机制两个方面分析了农业可持续发展与制度创新的互动机制,论证了农业可持续发展与制度创新在农民持续增收上协同,农民利益协调与制度创新不足存在矛盾,农业可持续发展与制度创新互动的基础是农业资源配置与利用,农民优化配置和合理利用资源是农业可持续发展与制度创新良性互动的关键.最后,总结了农业可持续发展与制度创新互动的主要实践路径.     

新疆绿洲农业稳定性差异评价

绿洲是干旱区所特有的地理景观,是干旱区人类生存和生产的核心场所,绿洲农业的稳定与否,直接关系到区域社会经济能否可持续发展.本文利用2007年的相关数据,借鉴已有的研究方法,运用数学模型对新疆南北疆绿洲农业稳定性进行分析评价,并结合实证结果提出应充分发挥政府职能做好生态资源的合理利用和生态环境的有效冶理,大力发展农业落后区域的特色农产品产生,提高水资源利用率,控制人口增长以缓解农民耕地资源的矛盾,大力发展农村教育为新疆经济的可持续发展提供智力支持等对策建议.     

基于自组织的河西走廊新能源产业集群成长演化

基于自组织理论,从产业集群成长演化视角探讨我国新能源产业发展,选取典型地区新能源产业集群进行集聚度分析,探索新能源产业集群成长规律,分析河西走廊新能源产业集群成长演化。研究发现：我国新能源产业于2004年进入集群成长自放大阶段,2013年前集聚水平稳定上升,现阶段产业发展面临升级与衰退两种极端;结合产业集聚水平变化,基于自组织理论,可将我国新能源产业集群成长演化划分为4个阶段;河西走廊新能源产业集群在政府外生力量的推动下,已完成资源要素自增强阶段,形成了空间集聚,目前处于企业集聚能力自放大向集群系统自调整的过渡阶段。最后,提出了加快河西走廊新能源产业集群发展的对策。