An activities-based approach to network management: An explorative study

Over the last few decades, the industrial marketing literature and the business network literature have promoted a holistic approach to marketing and provided a framework for understanding interorganizational networks. However, our understanding of how interorganizational networks govern themselves when developing innovations is still limited. Most network management literature does not focus on the activities employed by network actors and/or does not recognize that there may be different modes of network management. This study explores how, why and in which combination network management activities are employed in a network and in doing so proposes a new conceptualization of network management. Using primary and secondary data pertaining to eleven innovation projects, this study reveals how network management consists of combinations of (rather than individual) management activities undertaken to manage a network. This study identifies three distinct modes of network management: basically coordinated, control-oriented and reward-oriented. Moreover, this study proposes that network actors try to match the management mode to their prevailing mental model as well as the type of network (e.g. in terms of project innovativeness).     

基于多Agent的通用智能网络管理系统设计与实现

针对网络管理设备、接入设备、客户接入终端、网络结构、通信技术等方面都发生了质的变化,而网络管理模式、新型网络管理系统的研发相对滞后的情况,结合企业实际需要,提出了基于多Agent的通用智能网络管理系统方案并对其进行了实际的系统设计实现和运行验证,取得了良好的效果。该网络管理系统不仅能够实现传统的网络管理功能,而且能够适应当前复杂的网络设备构成情况,节约网络管理流量,提高管理效率,保障网络服务的持续可靠运行。     

基于企业内外部网络视角的创新绩效多因素影响模型与实证研究

本文在考察网络能力与创新绩效之间的逻辑关系基础上,引入内部网络效度和合作治理方式作为调节变量,检验了企业内外部网络因素对创新绩效的影响,研究结果发现:企业网络能力和内部网络效度均对创新绩效产生显著正向影响;内部网络效度对网络能力与创新绩效的关系发挥着正向的调节效应;尽管合作治理方式对创新绩效具有正面影响,但它对网络能力与创新绩效的关系不具有调节效应;此外,企业规模对外部网络能力和内部网络效度的影响差异显著。     

多媒体教学网络的组建

介绍了多媒体教学网络的组建方法 ,对网络的拓扑结构、网卡、网线的选取 ,网络的系统配置 ,网络的软硬件资源共享 ,网络打印机的使用等作了详细的论述。对学校组建多媒体教室有一定的参考价值。     

Enablers and inhibitors of the development of network capability in entrepreneurial firms: A study of the Irish micro-brewing network

Focusing on the Irish micro-brewing industry, this paper identifies and describes the factors that both enable and inhibit the entrepreneurial firm's development of its network capability. The empirical research entailed in-depth interviews with the entire network of micro-brewery entrepreneurs in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland comprising nineteen firms. Using multiple levels of network analysis, findings illustrate the complexity of network capability development. The factors inhibiting the development of network capability were found to outweigh the ones enabling it. Past network experience, information sharing and participation in coordinated consumer events represent some of the factors found to enable network capability. Conversely, a desire for control over decision making, a lack of knowledge sharing or joint problem solving and the perception of value chain activity links and resources as unnecessary inhibits network capability. The main contribution of the paper is a framework of factors enabling and inhibiting network capability based on a multi-level network analysis.     

企业技术创新网络进化中的合作博弈分析

企业创新网络可以分散技术创新的不确定性和风险,但是网络在运行过程中会出现机会主义倾向。文章分析了技术创新网络的动态特征,运用数理模型来模拟企业技术创新网络中的成本,通过对技术联盟模型中博弈行为特征的分析,识别网络失衡的时间点,并针对技术创新网络的演化特点提出强化网络基础的建议和对策。     

浅析我国奢侈品网络营销现状及对策

近年来,中国的奢侈品网络消费市场呈现迅猛的发展势头,奢侈品营销也随之悄悄改变,网络营销已成为新的营销方式。本论文首先阐述了我国奢侈品网络营销的现状,并对奢侈品网络营销的优势及所存在的问题进行了分析,最后提出奢侈品网络推广方式需整合和创新,来达到更好的网络推广效果。另外,针对奢侈品网络销售的提升和服务的改善,品牌商需结合消费群体的差异性,针对不同的消费群体制定不同策略。     

Using actors' perceptions of network roles and positions to understand network dynamics

This article explores network dynamics by analysing how actors make sense of time and space in business networks, and how they act based on these perceptions. The time dimension is understood here as actors' perceptions of past, present and future changes in their network. The space dimension is understood, first, in terms of the network position a company holds in relation to its business partners, and secondly, in terms of the network role it enacts. As such, this study relates three pivotal concepts in industrial marketing: network change, network position, and network role. The link between these three relates to the interdependencies within a network, in that if one company attempts to change its position, this will in turn affect the position of other companies. Moreover, actors' attempts to change their position or role in the network are directed by their subjective sensemaking or perceptions of their surrounding network. In this article we posit that in order to understand network dynamics we must analyse how actors attempt to affect change based on their perceptions of their positions and roles in their network environment. Our analysis suggests that although there are similarities between perceptions by actors holding similar positions in the network, such network positions alone cannot explain their actions. Rather, differences in actors' interpretations and enactments of their network role are necessary to explain their networking activities. We use an extensive case study of the changing distribution structure for seafood in Norway and Japan to exemplify these points.     

企业外部知识网络能力的结构测量——基于结构洞理论的研究

以开放式创新模式下企业外部知识网络建设面临的挑战为基点,引入结构洞理论,基于对外部知识网络中结构洞的规划、占据、利用、剖析和拓展,识别企业外部知识网络能力的结构体系和内部作用机理;利用实证研究确定了涵盖网络构想能力、网络建构能力、网络利用能力、网络解构能力和网络重构能力等5个维度,共12个子维度和37个题项的企业外部知识网络能力测量量表。在此基础上,提出了"一纵一横"的企业外部知识网络能力的提升路径,即从战略层面到战术操作再回归到战略的纵向动态循环,以及从知识结点到知识链再到利益的横向持续推进。本研究从结构洞理论的视角揭示了企业外部知识网络能力的多维度构成和内部演化机理,研究结果弥补了现有研究中知识网络能力和一般网络能力之间、外部知识网络和内部知识网络之间模糊不清的不足,并能够为后续研究提供理论支撑和实证基础。     

模块化网络运营对竞争性市场效率的影响——兼析网络规则与市场规则下市场效率的变化

通过研究,模块化网络运营对竞争性市场效率的影响主要表现为:在短期内,模块化网络运营具有市场垄断能力和降低竞争性市场效率效应;从长期看,模块化网络将按照市场运行规则运营,并可促进竞争性市场效率的提高。研究结果还表明,网络规则与市场规则的互为转化将使竞争性市场效率呈现出不同态势:当市场运行规则转化为网络运营规则时,竞争性市场效率将降低;当网络运营规则转化为市场运行规则时,竞争性市场效率将提高。这一结论也印证了模块化网络运营与竞争性市场效率的动态变化联系。     

Cooperative goals and team performance: Examining the effects of advice network

Based on the theory of cooperation and competition, this study examines the relationships between cooperative goals, advice network, and team performance, and their boundary conditions. Based on multi-source data from 189 teams in a military organization, results indicate that cooperative goals positively influence team performance via advice network density. Moreover, advice network centralization moderates the relationship between advice network density and team performance. In addition, advice network centralization moderates the indirect effect of cooperative goals on team performance via advice network density.     

Strategizing through analyzing and influencing the network horizon

How does a firm keep on being valuable in a network? One requirement is that the firm has a sufficient overview of the network and its dynamics. In other words, a firm's strategy depends on the firm's overview of the network—its network horizon. How comprehensive or limited should its network horizon be? Is it necessary to know the network beyond the direct counterparts? Such issues have not received much attention. In this article, we discuss network horizons and argue that limited network horizons are both inevitable and useful. However, such myopia requires that a firm's counterparts effectively and efficiently mediate between the firm and the rest of the network. Based on a case study, we introduce and discuss three mediating functions of counterparts: a joining, a relating, and an insulating function, and we claim that in order to support a firm's strategizing, managers need to analyze and influence counterparts' mediating functions and thereby the firm's network horizon.     

网络租金及其形成机理分析

交易成本经济学为考察网络组织问题提供了一个新的视角,但它并没有给网络组织问题分析提供一个合理的答案。本文从租金的角度对网络组织问题进行了研究。在对租金理论回顾的基础上,提出了网络租金概念。在分析网络租金形成机理时,除给出了一个总括性的网络租金构成模型外,还分析了网络租金的来源效应,即通过与市场组织和科层组织相比较,指出网络组织除了节约交易费用之外,还从资源互补效应、知识与规模外部效应、市场控制放大效应等方面形成交易收益。     

A framework for understanding strategic network performance: Exploring efficiency and effectiveness at the network level

There are currently limits in our understanding of strategic network performance due to the complexity of the underlying processes involved. Improving our understanding of performance is critical if we are to improve network functioning, an important managerial problem. This paper addresses a research gap in strategic network performance by investigating: efficiency and effectiveness at the network level of analysis. A multiple case study methodology is used to investigate two Australian agri-business strategic networks. The cases suggest that processes relating to building actor webs and collective sensemaking are crucial for improving strategic network effectiveness, whereas network efficiency is influenced by developing activity patterns and utilizing resource constellations. The cases also highlight potential trade-offs between network effectiveness and efficiency in relation to performance at the network level. The paper contributes an empirically informed theoretical framework for understanding how network level processes influence network performance.     

天然气管网与电力网络的比较和启示

天然气管网系统与电网系统较为类似.我国电网系统起步较早,发展也更为完善、成熟,值得天然气管网系统学习和借鉴.通过对两者在网络规模和连通性、压力等级、调度运营管理、调峰和安全运行、法律法规体系和合同条款、网络建设规划管理等多方面、多角度的比较分析,为天然气管网发展提供了有益的参考,主要包括:加强联络线和枢纽站建设,扩大管网连通度和网络规模;经济合理地确定管网压力等级;加强系统建设,进一步提升管网调度和管理水平;积极进行调峰管理,建设并完善应急体系;加深负荷预测研究,为市场管理和管网建设提供基础条件;完善法律法规体系和合同条款,明确各方权、责、利;管网建设规划应紧密跟随资源、市场和经济的发展;天然气气质要求、可大规模储存是电网与管网的一个重要差异;天然气发电是管网与电网之间的重要联系纽带.     

Network picturing: An action research study of strategizing in business networks

Our paper is concerned with how managers understand their surrounding network and what strategic actions they take based on this insight. Recent research in the areas of network management and business relationships shows increasing interest in the interplay between cognition and action, particularly on how managers relate perceptions about their business network (“network picturing”) to decision-making and strategizing activities. In this study, we apply a novel research approach combining process research and action research methodology. Our sample is introduced to business network theories and concepts, and the use and adaptation of these concepts results in managerial options being articulated and applied. Our findings add new insight in the field of network strategy and network picturing. Network picturing represents a way to understand the boundaries of the firm and how this understanding affects managers' decisions. This differs from the fundamental distinction between the external and the internal environments of classical strategy analysis. In terms of network picturing, strategizing is a way to understand the resulting actions or network outcomes that managers see as viable within their surrounding network. We also provide a conceptual process exercise as an example of how this insight can be relevant for managers in their decision-making processes.     

基于P2P网络捕包与过滤的实现

P2P网络的出现使得计算机网络的安全性更加脆弱,使计算机更易受到外界不明用户的攻击,因此在网络中实现主动防御显得十分重要。网络中的主动防御是通过网络捕包及过滤来实现,这是一种有效的管理手段,可以进行流量监控、故障诊断以及观察到网络所受到的攻击。本文主要是在P2P网络模式中利用混杂模式具体编程实现底层数据捕包。     

一种基于感受野增强的人脸检测方法

为了解决多任务级联卷积神经网络（MTCNN）算法网络模型在小人脸检测方面鲁棒性较低的问题,提出了一种基于感受野增强的网络模型。首先,为MTCNN算法模型中的R-Net网络和O-Net网络添加感受野模块（receptive field blocks,RFB-S）。其次,通过添加批量标准化和全局平均池化,加速网络模型的收敛,防止模型过拟合。最后,调整网络任务的权重,P-Net和R-Net网络用于人脸区域粗筛选,O-Net网络用于人脸区域精筛选以及人脸关键点回归。实验结果表明,与MTCNN算法网络模型相比,所提模型缩小了16%,但检测速度提升了9%,在FDDB数据集上的检测精度提高了2.3%。因此,基于感受野增强的网络模型能有效完成人脸的检测任务,增强对小人脸检测的鲁棒性,可为人脸识别、表情识别等提供技术支持。     

Network effects and competition: an empirical analysis of the home video game industry

Building on the resource‐based view of the firm, we advance the idea that a firm's customer network can be a strategic asset. We suggest that network effects are a function of network size (i.e., installed customer base) and network strength (i.e., the marginal impact of a unit increase in network size on demand). We empirically study these network effects in the 16‐bit home video game industry in which the dominant competitors were Nintendo and Sega. In the spirit of the new empirical IO framework, we estimate a structural econometric model assuming the data are equilibrium outcomes of the best fitting noncooperative game in price and advertising. After controlling for other effects, we find strong evidence that network effects are asymmetric between the competitors in the home video game industry. Specifically, we find that the firm with a smaller customer network (Nintendo) has higher network strength than the firm with the larger customer base (Sega). Thus, our results provide a possible explanation for this situation in which the firm with a smaller customer network (Nintendo) was able to overtake the sales of a firm with a larger network size (Sega). Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

试析网络经济风险及其防范

网络经济在现代社会中的作用越来越大,但网络经济风险影响到网络经济的健康发展。本文在概括网络经济特点、网络经济风险的类型与特征的基础上,对网络经济的防范进行了初步的探索。