珠三角城市联系的空间格局特征研究——基于城际客运交通流的分析

利用城际客运交通流,从城市和功能区两个尺度对珠三角城市之间功能联系的空间格局进行分析,结果表明:联系强度上呈现出中心与外围、东岸与西岸、三大次区域不均衡的空间分异特征,联系方向上呈现出总体指向广州和深圳、局部非连续化的空间组织特征,联系节点上呈现出梯度层级和多中心功能布局并存的空间结构特征.当前珠三角正处于经济结构转型升级、区域一体化政策趋势加强、区域交通基础设施快速兴建的阶段,这些因素会对区域内资源要素流的性质类型、空间配置和流动廊道产生深刻影响.     

基于航空客流的中国城市功能网络研究

在国内外城市功能网络研究基础上,综合运用优势流、隶属度、枢纽度和引力模型等定量方法,分析中国城市功能网络格局属崭新研究视角。主要结论包括:①作为长三角和京津冀的首位城市,上海和北京两大全球性城市枢纽地位显著;②广州和深圳作为珠三角重要城市,具有仅次于上海和北京的地位;③西部地区城市功能较分散,缺乏显著的首位城市,成都、重庆、西安和乌鲁木齐等地形成若干区域性枢纽;④受替代性交通模式影响,中部地区武汉等城市功能网络地位相对降低;⑤南京、杭州和福州等城市作为长三角地区和海峡西岸地区区域经济中心城市,其枢纽度在一定程度上受地区首位城市影响;⑥人均GDP对客流城市功能联系有显著影响作用,城市规模对货流城市功能联系有显著影响,但航空距离影响则相对较小。     

我国中心城市金融集聚水平与空间格局研究

通过对2010年全国286个地级以上中心城市相关数据的因子分析,将金融集聚因子降维成规模因子、质量因子和活跃程度3个较稳定的可解释因子,并与2005年相应数据进行比较。根据金融集聚指数,将我国中心城市金融集聚水平划分为全国性金融中心、全国性金融次中心、区域性金融中心、省域金融中心及地方金融中心。借助GIS空间分析技术对全国中心城市金融集聚的空间分布格局进行展现,结果显示我国金融集聚最为显著的区域集中在长三角、京津冀和珠三角地区,上海、北京—天津、广州—深圳构成全国性金融集聚服务中心城市;金融集聚与城市规模有着极强相关性,200万人以上的特大城市是金融活动的主要集聚地;各省区的金融集聚中心一般为其省会城市及其副中心城市。分析金融集聚指数2005—2010年的变化率,全国金融业集聚态势有从全国金融中心向邻近区域扩散的趋势,并向中部和近西部地区的中心城市不断传播。     

中国新型城镇化进程中的都市圈经济辐射模式研究——基于珠三角城市群的实证分析

为了探究都市圈中心城市经济发展对周边城市的虹吸效应和溢出效应孰占主导，本文以珠三角城市群为例，基于2001—2020年中国沪深板块上市企业数据，通过份额移动法构建工具变量缓解反向因果问题，实证分析中心城市对周边城市的经济辐射模式；进一步将珠三角城市群划分为广佛肇、深莞惠和珠中江都市圈，研究单个都市圈内部中心城市的经济辐射模式。结果表明：中心城市收入、就业和资产水平的提升能够有效带动周边城市经济发展；同一城市群下不同都市圈中心城市对周边城市经济辐射模式呈现异质性，广州虹吸效应占主导，深圳和珠海溢出效应占主导，其中深圳溢出效应更强。     

我国省域经济联系的空间格局及其变化

借助空间相互作用重力模型,利用2009和2000年的市区总人口、GDP及公路运营里程等指标,综合测度全国全部287个地级以上中心城市的省域空间经济联系。计算每个省域所辖中心城市相互之间的经济联系强度,并以经济联系强度小于10、介于10—100、大于100三个区段按统一尺度标准,通过ArcGIS软件分别绘制出2009、2000年各省的经济联系空间分布格局图。综合对比发现,区域空间结构与其内部空间经济联系的强弱、联系网络的发育程度有着极为密切的关系,随着空间经济联系由弱到强、联系网络由简单到复杂,区域空间结构也随之由极核式单中心结构向多核心、网络式、一体化方向发展;全国省区的空间经济联系与全国主要城市群可以进行完美的空间拟合,反映出空间经济联系的强弱与紧密程度表征了城市群的演化阶段与发育状况,也说明城市群形成发展的内在机理是其空间经济联系的不断加强与深化。研究表明,我国区域经济发展偏集于沿海的长三角、珠三角与环渤海三地区的三大城市群区域,并且这一不平衡的空间格局仍在持续发展。     

武汉城市圈路网通达性与经济联系时空演变及关联分析

交通可达性对区域城市经济联系与发展有重要影响。文章通过空间句法和引力模型,以1995、2005和2015年为时间断面,探讨分析了武汉城市圈不同尺度城市路网通达性与经济联系的时空演变格局,以及二者之间的关联性。结果显示:(1)研究期内,武汉城市圈道路网络整体连通性水平趋于完善,但存在空间极化,表现出以武汉市为中心的核心—边缘式空间格局;(2)区域内城市之间经济联系不断加强,在市级尺度上,武汉市经济辐射功能以及相邻城市间经济联系特征明显,在县级尺度上,长江经济带沿线城市经济联系更为密切;(3)2005年以后,全域范围内不同尺度城市的道路网络通达性格局与经济联系格局存在显著相关性,道路网络通达性提高对促进城市经济联系强度、提高城市在区域中经济联系中心性地位有重要作用,同时也加强了区域经济联系的空间异质性。     

跨区域城市群经济网络的动态演化——基于海西、长三角、珠三角城市群分析

在改进的引力模型基础上,采用社会网络分析方法和探索性空间数据分析方法,对2004—2015年海峡西岸城市群与长三角、珠三角城市群经济网络的动态演化进行分析。结果表明:海峡西岸城市群与长三角、珠三角各个城市的联系不断加强,但海峡西岸城市群大部分城市在经济网络中的重要性偏弱;跨区域城市群中缺乏城市规模辐射及城市功能互补两方面均较突出的城市,但核心城市基于规模辐射发挥明显的空间集聚效应;增强城市功能互补是加强跨区域城市群经济网络联系程度的关键所在。     

试论构建以广州为中心的区域会展城市体系

凭借独特的地缘优势珠三角城市会展业蓬勃兴起,由于缺乏会展龙头城市带动和区域协调与合作机制,导致区域整体竞争力不强.因此,必须结合会展经济空间运动规律构建以广州为中心的区域会展城市体系,核心是以区域会展经济带为基础,整合以广州为中心的会展都市圈.要实现该区域会展业持续快速协调发展,必须采取相应的对策:制定区域发展规划,形成区域战略同盟,推进整体的品牌推广,联合港澳提升区域地位.     

全球城市区域合作网络结构演变——以粤港澳大湾区为例

稳定高效的区域合作网络有助于提升资源配置效率并优化国土空间格局。文章基于城市间合作新闻数据,通过空间分析与社会网络分析研究了粤港澳大湾区合作网络的结构演变特征,从整体、局部和节点三个层次对其网络结构进行了系统总结。研究表明：(1)空间格局上,大湾区合作网络格局具有明显的层级性和不均衡性。伴随2019年《粤港澳大湾区发展规划纲要》的颁布,区域合作网络的不均衡性有所降低。(2)整体结构上,大湾区合作网络密度不断提高,呈现出多中心网络格局。(3)局部网络上,以香港与深圳为核心城市的凝聚子群已形成。然而,肇庆、惠州等边缘城市为主体的凝聚子群内部联系较松散且结构不稳定。(4)节点特征上,香港与深圳拥有较高的度数中心度,是网络的核心节点并主导区域资源配置。然而,江门与惠州度数中心度和中介中心度均较低,成为大湾区合作网络的边缘节点,难以深度融入大湾区一体化发展。因此,未来亟待强化核心城市与边缘城市间的区域合作,以实现大湾区协同与可持续发展。     

CEPA对“大珠三角”城市功能的影响及广州的对策

编者按:2003年7月1日签订的《内地与香港关于更紧密经贸关系的安排》和正在商谈的《内地与澳门关于更紧密经贸关系的安排》(以下统一简称为《更紧密经贸关系安排》,即CEPA)都将在2004年1月1日生效执行.CEPA将对"大珠三角"区域一体化功能及各中心城市功能进行战略性的定位和重铸产生重大影响,将使"大珠三角"今后20年或更长时期内在世界经济中的角色和地位发生极其重大变化.本期选登《CEPA对"大珠三角"城市功能的影响及广州的对策》部分成果,该研究报告得到广州市委主要领导的充分肯定,对广州抓住CEPA的机遇,进行中心城市功能的新战略定位和重铸,加快广州大都市的建设发展,有着十分重大的指导意义.     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Solidified Branding Function: How the Urban Brand Affects a Small Town’s Development? Case Study of Wangqingtuo,Tianjin, China

Chinese small towns are usually developed with single core industry,and the urban brand is the identity of a town that formed with the development of its indust...     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.     

Neurally reconstructing expected utility

While the concept of “expected utility” informs many theories of decision making, little is known about whether and how the human brain might compute this quantity. This article reviews a series of functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) experiments designed to localize brain regions that respond in anticipation of increasing amounts of monetary incentives. These studies collectively suggest that anticipation of increasing monetary gains activates a subcortical region of the ventral striatum in a magnitude-proportional manner. This ventral striatal activation is not evident during anticipation of losses. Actual gain outcomes instead activate a region of the mesial prefrontal cortex. During anticipation of gain, ventral striatal activation is accompanied by feelings characterized by increasing arousal and positive valence. These findings affirm the role of emotion in the anticipation of incentives, and may provide an initial step towards a neural reconstruction of expected utility.