国有上市公司投资行为异化:投资过度抑或投资不足——基于政府干预角度的实证研究

在国有股一股独大的情况下,政府控制下的国有上市公司将控制权私有收益而非公司价值最大化作为其决策目标,使我国国有上市公司呈现出典型的投资行为异化特征。根据对公司投资期望模型回归残差的统计和国有上市公司投资行为两阶段决策模型的分析,我们得出关于国有上市公司投资行为异化的以下结论:(1)在国有上市公司中,投资不足与过度投资两种投资异化行为并存;(2)与过度投资行为相比,国有上市公司的投资不足行为更为普遍且部分公司的投资不足行为表现极端;(3)与投资不足行为相比,国有上市公司的过度投资行为更为严重。     

融资约束、不确定性对公司投资行为的影响

本文以我国制造业上市公司1998-2002年的数据为研究对象,较为全面、深入地研究了融资约束、不确定性和公司投资行为之间的内在联系。研究结果表明:(1)我国上市公司存在融资约束状况,而且融资约束与公司投资-现金流敏感性之间呈显著正相关;(2)公司特有不确定性与公司投资呈显著正相关,总体不确定性与公司投资之间呈正相关,市场不确定性与公司投资之间呈负相关;(3)融资约束在一定程度上减轻了不确定性对公司投资的影响。这些研究结果将有助于我国证券监管机构提高上市公司配股、增发的管理水平,并为上市公司制订正确的投融资政策提供实证证据。     

创业投资机构声誉如何影响上市公司投资效率

本文基于中小板和创业板全样本上市公司年报数据,研究创业投资机构声誉对中小上市公司的投资效率的影响。研究结果发现:(1)对于自由现金流为正且过度投资的上市公司,自由现金流和过度投资存在着显著正相关,而创业投资机构参与能缓解这种过度投资问题,创业投资机构声誉越高,参与的上市公司过度投资现象相对越轻;(2)对于现金短缺且投资不足的上市公司,现金短缺和投资不足存在着显著正相关,类似的,创业投资机构参与能缓解这种投资不足问题,创业投资机构声誉越高,参与的上市公司投资不足现象相对越轻,创业投资机构声誉越高越能改善中小上市公司的投资效率。     

十年重组壳文章

<正> 在我国上市公司的10年历史中,资产重组乃是贯穿于全过和的一条主线。而十年重组,可以说基本上是围绕一个“壳”字做的文章。“买椟还珠”历史上有一则“买椟还珠”的故事。相传:“楚人有卖其珠于郑者,为木兰之柜,薰以桂椒,缀以珠玉,饰以玫瑰,辑以羽翠。郑人买其椟而还其珠”。韩非子说:“此可谓善卖柜矣。”韩非子不会想到,今天的上市公司居然仍有楚人余熏、郑人遗风。第一例“买椟还珠”式的重组是“原野——世纪星源”的重整。作为深市最早的上市公司之一的原野公司因主要股东非法窃居控股地位、虚假投资、非法逃汇、大量占     

英国的环境保护政策及措施

环境问题是当今世界各国普遍关注的问题,因为它关系到现在和未来全人类的生存。世界各国,无论是发达国家还是发展中国家,无论是大国还是小国,几乎都把环保问题列为政府工作的一项重要内容。为了推进环境保护工作,英国政府于1990年9月发表了一份题为“共同的遗产:英国的环境战略”的白皮书,第一次全面系统地阐述了英国的环境政策和措施。全书分六章,内容包括:(1)政府的态度;(2)温室效应;(3)城镇与乡村;(4)污染控制;(5)宣传与组织机构;(6)苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰的环境保护。1991年9月,在环境白皮书发表一周年时,英国政府又发表了一份“周年报告”,回顾了环境白皮书颁布以来英国政府在环境领域所做的工作,并提出了今后将继续采取的措施。     

“大而强”技术制胜——与武钢总经理刘本仁的对话

高:刘总,我注意到,过去你讲武钢的发展战略追求时,提法是“做强,做精,做特,做大”,将“做大”放后面。昨天在学习贯彻“七一”讲话的座谈会上,你把“做大”放在前面了。请问,这是有意的还是无意的? 刘:(笑) 高:这是否意味着,面对“入世”的挑战,武钢对规模上的“大”有想     

推动和完善上市公司投资者关系管理对策研究

本文在分析我国上市公司投资者关系管理的现状和存在问题的基础上,提出了推动和完善我国上市公司投资者关系管理的具体措施:(1)培育“尊重股东”的股权文化,营造适宜的社会氛围;(2)制定和完善有关上市公司投资者关系管理工作的法规;(3)逐步实现投资者关系管理的专业化和代理制;(4)将投资者关系管理的实施与公司治理结构的完善有机结合起来。     

上市公司大股东控制下的资本配置行为研究——基于控制权收益视角的实证分析

基于控制权收益①驱动公司资本配置行为的理论阐释,结合我国上市公司特有的股权结构及其导致的控制权分配格局,文章从固定资产投资和股权投资两个方面,对形成我国上市公司控制权收益的资本配置行为进行了实证研究。研究结果表明:(1)控制权收益水平与资本配置规模显著正相关;(2)控制权收益水平越高,则增加等量控制权收益所需的资本配置规模就越大;(3)较固定资产投资而言,通过股权并购方式取得控制权收益的代价较低,但控制性股东占有被并购公司控制权收益的比例也较低;(4)上市公司资本配置行为在形成控制权收益的同时并没有通过提高公司业绩而增加控制权的共享收益,资本配置决策在很大程度上是大股东控制下的自利行为。     

机构投资者是否偏好现金股利——来自2005-2013年的经验证据

本文研究股权分置改革后,机构投资者如何参与和影响上市公司股利政策制定,研究发现:(1)机构投资者倾向于“用手投票”,更有可能向上市公司索取现金股利;(2)机构投资者持股比例越高,索取现金红利作为回报的动机越强;(3)机构投资者的参与,不仅增加现金红利发放的概率,也提高了现金红利发放水平;(4)上市公司可能利用股利政策吸引机构投资者.     

大股东治理与管理者过度投资行为

管理者的机会主义引发了企业的过度投资行为。本文以我国A股上市公司2005～2006年的横截面数据为基础,分析了大股东持股及其相关的股权结构特征对管理者过度投资行为的治理效应。结果表明:(1)大股东持股比例与企业的过度投资水平呈倒N型的曲线关系,即大股东对管理者过度投资行为的监督作用同时存在激励效应和防御效应;(2)非国有大股东对管理者过度投资行为的监督更有力;(3)次大股东的存在有利于发挥大股东的激励效应,抑制大股东的防御效应,特别是当大股东不处于控股地位时。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Forecasting the price of gold

This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.