我国上市公司实施股票期权的盈余管理研究

文章研究了实施股票期权的上市公司的盈余管理行为。研究发现：上市公司在股票期权实施中存在盈余管理行为,在期权计划公告前一季度,上市公司通过可操纵性应计利润向下操纵盈余,在期权计划公告后存在盈余的反转;但并没有显著证据表明上市公司通过非经常性损益操纵了盈余。     

我国上市公司盈余管理的防范与治理

针对上市公司盈余管理的现状以及利益相关者对会计信息操纵行为的关注,文章从盈余管理的涵义入手,在全面分析我国上市公司盈余管理动因的基础上,提出了通过健全公司治理结构、提高会计准则质量、加大外部审计力度等方面防范和治理我国上市公司的盈余管理行为。     

从ROE与ROA的分布看我国上市公司的盈余管理行为

本文采用管理后盈余分布法研究了我国A股上市公司的盈余管理行为，发现了我国上市公司为了避免亏损或为了获得配股权而通过盈余管理将净资产收益率（ROE）维持在略高于0、6％与10％的区间上的证据；进一步分析了总资产收益率（ROA）的分布，发现其与ROE的分布存在系统性差异，说明上市公司为了达到配股及格线可能操纵了净资产；提供了上市公司盈余管理行为随着配股政策的演进而改变的证据。     

我国上市公司盈余管理动机分析

目前,上市公司的会计信息失真现象十分严重,公司管理当局根据自己的利益需要操纵会计政策,进行盈余管理,严重侵害了企业外部利益相关者的利益。因此,研究盈余管理的动因问题,不仅具有重大的理论意义,而且对治理会计信息失真,有着现实的实践意义。文章对盈余管理存在的动因进行了较为深入的分析研究。     

我国上市企业盈余管理的动机及手段分析

随着我国证券市场中上市公司数量不断增多、筹资规模不断扩大,上市公司财务造假的丑闻不断爆出,不利于证券市场的长期健康发展。盈余管理因而成为各界关注的热点,文章研究我国企业盈余管理的动机手段对于解决盈余管理的滥用问题有重要的意义。主要探讨上市公司盈余管理的动机和常用手段,并针对会计操纵型盈余管理和交易操纵型盈余管理两种不同的盈余管理手段进行分析,并提出通过完善会计准则和监管指标体系、加大信息披露力度和违规披露的处罚力度、进行投资者教育和规范会计师事务所的行为等建议以规范我国企业盈余管理行为。     

中国上市公司会计信息质量的实证分析

中国上市公司的会计信息质量状况是国内外投资者关注的热点。本文基于评价会计信息质量的计量观，利用不良资产占总资产比重、减值准备占未计资产减值准备前总资产的比重、营业外收支净额与营业利润的比值以及经营活动产生的现金净流量与营业利润的比值等指标，对1998-2000年中国深、沪两市上市公司会计报表进行了相关的统计分析，并根据统计分析结果对上市公司资产反映质量和盈余反映质量进行评价，发现虽然中国上市公司利用偶然性交易操纵盈余的现象较为明显，日．有通过少提资产减值准备这种不易被察觉的操纵盈余手段来增加报告利润或减少报告亏损的倾向，但盈余反映质量的总体水平已有明显的提高。     

上市公司利润操纵动机及手段的应对措施探析

利润操纵又称盈余管理，是公司管理者在不违反公允会计准则的情况下，采取会计方法选择等途径为企业获取局部利益，本文详细探讨上市公司操纵利润手段及动机，对于遏制利润操纵现象的发生，净化投资环境，具有现实意义。     

对我国上市公司盈余管理相关问题的分析

盈余管理是现代财务会计研究的一个重要领域，适度的盈余管理行为有利于增强上市公司经营的稳定性，防止股票价格发生波动，有利于国家宏观经济的稳定发展；但是，上市公司的过度盈余管理行为造成了会计信息的不对称，使得社会资源分配不均、资本市场失灵。本文得出的结论是：盈余管理不同于会计造假，盈余管理是一种合法行为，具有普遍性，但过度的盈余管理会给企业、社会，乃至整个国家带来严重的危害。本文就这些问题进行探讨．以期对我国上市公司盈余管理的发展提供一些益处。     

新会计准则与企业盈余管理

新会计准则的实施,盈余管理成为许多上市公司关心的热点.本文从三大方面,一、新会计准则对企业原有盈余管理行为的限制;二、新会计准则又为盈余管理提供了操纵空间;三、对企业过度盈余管理行为的遏制;论述了新会计准则的实施对企业盈余管理的影响.     

新会计准则的实施对企业盈余管理行为的影响——来自中国上市公司的实证证据

本文通过对新会计准则实施前后非金融类上市公司的盈余管理行为进行研究后发现,在新会计准则实施后,企业的盈余平滑行为增加了,并且更多地表现出为负的较小盈余通过一些利润操纵手段变成正的较小盈余的倾向。在用应计项进行盈余管理方面,企业在新会计准则实施后的平均可操纵性应计利润的绝对值明显大于新会计准则实施前。上述指标表明,新会计准则实施后,上市公司的盈余管理行为并没有减少,反而有所增加。本文期望通过这一结论为后续的会计准则改革和上市公司监管政策的制定提供一些参考。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Forecasting the price of gold

This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.