河南省新型城镇化与美丽乡村建设耦合研究

［目的］新型城镇化是美丽乡村建设的重要推动力，美丽乡村建设是新型城镇化重要组成部分，新型城镇化和美丽乡村建设两者相辅相成，缺一不可，探讨两者的协调发展有利促进新农村建设和城乡一体化发展。［方法］以河南省为例，在评价新型城镇化和美丽乡村建设指标的基础上，通过耦合协调发展度模型研究其耦合协调发展程度。［结果］（1）2008—2017年河南省新型城镇化和美丽乡村建设的耦合协调度介于02~06之间，从中度失调衰退发展到勉强协调发展，其中2008—2010年耦合协调度处于中度失调衰退， 2011—2012年耦合协调度处于轻度失调衰退， 2013—2016年耦合协调度处于濒临失调发展， 2017年耦合协调度处于勉强协调发展； （2）不同市区新型城镇化和美丽乡村建设的耦合协调度介于02~06之间，其中郑州市处于勉强协调阶段，周口市、驻马店市和南阳市等3市区的耦合协调度处于濒临失调发展阶段，开封市、洛阳市、安阳市、新乡市、焦作市、濮阳市、许昌市、商丘市、信阳市和济源市等10市区的耦合协调度处于轻度失调衰退阶段，平顶山市、鹤壁市、漯河市和三门峡市等4市区的耦合协调度处于中度失调衰退阶段。［结论］目前河南省新型城镇化和美丽乡村建设仍处于初级协调阶段，各市区发展不平衡，要实现农村的可持续发展，必须加强新型城镇化和美丽乡村建设的耦合协调发展。     

河南新型城镇化与乡村振兴耦合性分析

[目的]探究近年来新型城镇化与乡村振兴之间的耦合发展关系,将为今后新型城镇化与乡村统筹发展相关政策的提出提供理论参考,将有利于不断推动我国社会经济持续健康发展。[方法]通过构建河南省新型城镇化和乡村振兴发展水平评价体系,基于熵值法对2007—2016年河南省17个地级市新型城镇化和乡村振兴发展水平进行测度和格局演变分析,并通过构建耦合协调度模型对两系统之间的耦合协调关系进行了探讨。[结果](1)2007—2016年河南省17个地级市新型城镇化和乡村振兴发展水平评价分值均呈递增趋势,但新型城镇化的发展速度总体快于乡村振兴,且区域差异较为显著。其中2016年郑州市新型城镇化发展水平评价分值为0.862,明显高于其他地区。南阳市和商丘市的评价分值较低,分别为0.230和0.223。鹤壁市和郑州市乡村振兴发展水平评价分值高于其他地区,分别为0.566和0.517。平顶山市的评价分值最低,仅为0.346。(2)2007—2016年各市新型城镇化与乡村振兴发展之间的耦合协调度总体上呈明显的递增趋势,其中郑州市一直处于较高水平耦合协调阶段,其他各市不断向更高水平耦合协调阶段过渡。[结论]河南省大部分地区乡村振兴发展水平总体上落后于新型城镇化发展水平,在一定程度上制约了新型城镇化的发展进程。今后应针对地区优势,不断优化乡村建设规划,加快乡村振兴发展进程,统筹城乡发展,促进新型城镇化与乡村振兴向更高水平耦合协调阶段过渡。     

河南省乡村旅游与精准扶贫耦合性分析

［目的］基于河南省乡村旅游与精准扶贫发展现状,从两者的耦合发展角度对其耦合性进行研究,旨在为河南省乡村旅游与精准扶贫的协调发展提供合理的参考建议。［方法］以乡村旅游发展在经济效益、社会效益和环境效益上体现的价值与精准扶贫在乡村经济发展、乡村社会发展和乡村生活环境改善上的成果组成耦合系统,通过耦合协调度评价模型对其耦合协调度进行测算。［结果］河南省乡村旅游与精准扶贫耦合度在03~07之间,处于中等耦合阶段,其中2010—2011年为低度耦合协调水平, 2012—2014年为中度耦合协调水平, 2015—2016年为高度耦合协调水平,耦合协调度整体呈上升趋势。［结论］合理开发乡村旅游资源使其与精准扶贫在全面小康建设中的具体实际相结合,是全面促进乡村旅游发展,实现旅游扶贫最佳效果,达到高度耦合阶段的关键; 河南省乡村旅游与精准扶贫发展具有良好的协同效应,但两者均未达到成熟阶段,应重视旅游基础设施建设、资金投入、农村文化开发等影响乡村旅游与精准扶贫耦合发展的重要因素。     

河南省乡村旅游与乡村振兴耦合关联分析

［目的］通过对乡村旅游与乡村振兴之间的耦合关联度进行分析,将有利于促进农业产业转型升级,带动一、三产业融合,对加快乡村振兴具有重要意义。［方法］在构建河南省乡村旅游与乡村振兴两系统发展水平指标的基础上,采用熵值法和加权法评价2010—2016年乡村旅游与乡村振兴发展状况,采用灰色关联模型定量分析系统内各指标之间的关联度和乡村旅游发展与乡村振兴之间的耦合度。［结果］（1）2010—2016年,河南省乡村旅游与乡村振兴发展水平评价分值均呈显著上升趋势。其中乡村振兴评价分值由2010年的0167提高到2016年0855,乡村旅游评价分值由2010年的0026提高到2016年的0994。乡村旅游与乡村振兴两系统由较强的耦合作用发展成为很强的耦合作用。（2）对乡村旅游发展与乡村振兴的耦合关系进行主要因素分析,发现乡村旅游总人次和国家级休闲农业与乡村旅游示范点与乡村振兴子系统的关联度较高,分别为0834和0821,属于较高关联; 自来水受益村数和城镇化率与乡村旅游子系统的关联度较高,分别为0877和0866,属于高关联。［结论］河南省乡村旅游与乡村建设取得明显成效,两系统之间的耦合发展关系很强,但目前还存在较大发展空间,需继续探索实现乡村旅游与乡村振兴的高水平耦合协调发展路径。     

四川省新农村建设与乡村旅游发展耦合性分析

［目的］积极发展乡村旅游是社会主义新农村建设的重要内容,研究两者之间的耦合协调关系,对促进新农村建设和乡村旅游的发展,实现农业产业转型具有重要的现实意义。［方法］在构建新农村建设与乡村旅游发展水平综合评价指标的基础上,采用耦合度和耦合协调度模型,研究2010—2016年四川省新农村建设与乡村旅游发展之间的耦合协调关系。［结果］（1）2010—2016年,新农村建设和乡村旅游发展评价值呈明显的上升趋势,新农村建设的评价值由0169增加到0751,增长了345倍,乡村旅游发展的评价值由0033 7增加到10,增长了2897倍,新农村建设和乡村旅游发展取得了明显成效。（2）2010—2016年,新农村建设与乡村旅游发展由低度耦合（2010年）向中等耦合过渡（2012—2016年）,两系统之间的关联度较高。（3）2010—2016年,新农村建设与乡村旅游发展的耦合协调度逐年递增,耦合协调度由0207提高到了0650,由低度协调耦合逐步演变为高度协调耦合。［结论］四川省新农村建设与乡村旅游发展的整体效应和协同效应保持平稳增长,但还有较大的提升空间,如何实现两者之间的互动持续发展仍然是今后要重视的问题。     

丘陵地区乡村旅游与新型城镇化关系研究*——以四川省南充市为例

［目的］通过以丘陵城市为研究对象，建立乡村旅游与新型城镇化耦合关联指标体系，评价四川省南充市乡村旅游与新型城镇化耦合协调度。［方法］运用熵权综合指数、耦合协调度模型、趋势分析、空间自相关模型分析方法，分析2007—2016 年南充市乡村旅游与新型城镇化时空耦合协调发展关系，运用GeoDa软件计算南充市乡村旅游与新型城镇化耦合协调度的空间相关特征。［结果］南充市乡村旅游与新型城镇化发展水平并不协调，呈“高耦合，低协调”状态； 耦合协调程度总体偏低、发展缓慢； 耦合度和耦合协调度发展趋势不一致，呈“反向”分布态势； 耦合协调度空间相关性较弱，各县域单元临近区域乡村旅游与新型城镇化水平存在差异性，没有显著的空间关联。［结论］南充市乡村旅游与新型城镇化耦合协调度水平低，发展慢，空间集聚特征不显著，关联性弱。丘陵地区乡村旅游与新型城镇化的融合发展，应充分发挥丘陵地形优势，提升乡村品质发展丘陵沟谷乡村游； 发展河谷江滩乡村游构建养生养老体系； 延续丘陵文脉，优化乡村空间发展格局。     

山西省乡村旅游与乡村振兴耦合协调度测度

［目的］通过对山西省的乡村旅游与乡村振兴的耦合协调度进行研究，对其耦合发展阶段进行分析，对山西省的乡村经济和社会发展具有重要的现实意义。［方法］基于耦合协调度评价模型对山西省乡村旅游与乡村振兴耦合协调度进行测算。［结果］山西省乡村旅游与乡村振兴耦合度在03~07，处于中等耦合阶段，两者的发展水平进步较快； 耦合协调度整体呈上升趋势，其中2010—2012年为低度耦合协调水平， 2013—2015年为中度耦合协调水平，在2016年达到高度耦合协调水平。［结论］(1)山西省乡村旅游与乡村振兴的综合评价值以及两者的耦合协调度D在2016年均处于近7年最高点，但耦合度增长迟缓，今后应注重两者的融合发展，更好地推进城乡一体化、美丽乡村以及产业转型升级，充分挖掘乡村资源价值，以促进乡村旅游与乡村振兴的全面协同发展；(2)山西省乡村旅游与乡村振兴耦合度增长态势明显，耦合效应明显，协调好两者之间的关系对山西省乡村经济和社会的发展具有积极地意义；(3)山西省乡村旅游和乡村振兴耦合发展可分为起始发展阶段和稳定发展阶段，耦合度从2012年起长期处于稳定的中度耦合状态，但耦合协调度增长趋势明显。     

基于乡村振兴的河北省农业资源可持续利用评价

［目的］对农业资源可持续利用水平展开评价,为区域农业发展相关政策的制定提供理论参考,将有利于不断推进乡村振兴战略的实施。［方法］从经济可持续性、社会可接受性和生态可持续性3个方面构建了河北省农业资源可持续利用评价体系,采用熵权法和加权综合法测算了2007—2016年全省及11个地级市农业资源可持续利用水平,并探究了经济可持续性、社会可接受性和生态可持续性之间的协调度。在此基础上,采用DEA模型中的CCR模型和BCC模型探讨了全省农业资源利用的综合效率、纯技术效率和规模效率。［结果］（1）2007—2016年河北省农业资源可持续利用评价综合评价分值呈平稳增长趋势,由2007年的0315提高到2016年的0498。2007—2012年,农业资源利用的经济可持续性、社会可接受性和生态可持续性发展之间的协调度呈现递增趋势,由0760提高到0935。2012—2016年,协调度呈现递减趋势,由0909降低到0838。（2）2007—2016年河北省各市农业资源可持续利用的综合评价分值整体呈递增趋势,但地区间存在差异。整体看来,唐山市的评价分值明显高于其他各地市,其次为廊坊市和石家庄市,邢台市的综合评价分值较低。（3）2007—2016年,河北省农业资源利用的综合效率和规模效率变化趋势表现出高度的一致性。2007—2012年,综合效率小于095,处于较低的水平。2013—2016年,综合效率大于095,处于较高的水平。大部分年份存在农业机械总动力、农业从业人员、农用地面积和化肥施用量投入过多,农村人均可支配收入产出不足的现象。［结论］河北省农业资源可持续利用水平虽呈现良好的发展态势,但今后更应注重经济、社会和生态之间的协调性,推动农业资源利用的可持续性向更高水平发展。农业资源可持续利用综合效率的提升主要是依靠生产规模的优化配置,技术创新发挥的作用较小,农业生产要素的投入亟待进一步优化配置。     

宁波健康城市建设与城市化发展的耦合协调关系评价*——基于健康中国视角下

［目的］科学测度和评价健康城市建设与城市化之间的对立统一关系,是推动区域的可持续发展和美丽、健康中国建设的重要基础。［方法］通过均方差决策法和线性加权法测度两者的综合得分,并利用耦合协调度模型对两个系统间的耦合协调关系进行定量分析。［结果］（1）2006—2016年宁波市城市化发展水平总体上处于不断提升阶段,而健康城市发展水平在经历初期的波动后也呈现稳定增长的趋势; （2）宁波城市化发展与健康城市建设经历了从不协调期向转型期发展过渡的演化过程,两系统的耦合协调度D值从2006年的0217增加到2016年的0722,并呈现由严重不协调期→基本不协调期拮抗阶段→基本协调磨合阶段,但还没有迎来高级协调的发展。［结论］未来,随着宁波新型城镇化和健康城市试点的持续推进,需不断提升城市健康环境水平、丰富健康城市建设内涵、注重新型城镇化发展的质量,切实保障城市化发展与健康城市的协调发展。     

乡村旅游生态化对新型城镇建设影响研究*——以浙江省为例

［目的］文章旨在分析乡村旅游生态化对新型城镇化建设的影响。［方法］运用综合指数法建立新型城镇化评价体系，分析2000—2016年浙江省新型城镇化程度，进而利用数理统计模型分析乡村旅游生态化对新型城镇化的影响。［结果］浙江省新型城镇化发展主要包括2000—2005年新型城镇化初始阶段，城镇化发展水平受基础设施等条件限制呈波动上升趋势，以及2006—2016年，属于新型城镇化快速发展阶段，政府对于新型城镇化的高度重视使城镇化指数由0436上升至0869，年均增长率高达0093。乡村旅游生态化对新型城镇化的影响主要包括3个方面：（1）在人均家庭经营农家乐收入比方面，其对浙江省新型城镇化建设的直接效应为正，间接效应为负； （2）在森林覆盖率方面，其对浙江省新型城镇化建设的效应为正，直接效应系数为0098，间接效应指数为0074，影响相对较大； （3）果园面积方面，其对浙江省新型城镇化建设的影响不大，但直接效应和间接效应均为正。［结论］乡村旅游的生态化对新型城镇化具有一定影响，且正向影响远大于负向影响。     

Price transmission between products at different stages of manufacturing in forest industries

The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

The Effect of the Structural Adjustment Program on the Output,Prices and Exports of Major Agricultural Export Crops in Nigeria

The primary objective of this paper is to examine changes in the level of output, prices and exports of major export crops resulting from the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in Nigeria. THere two main sources of data: the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) through its annual reports, Economic and Financial Review, and the Nigerian Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) through its Trade Summaries. Although the SAP led to appreciable increases in output and producer prices, its effects on exports were insignificant. The implications of these for the implementation of the program are explored.     

In Vino ‘No’ Veritas: impacts of fraud on wine imports in China

China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

Revealing different understandings of soil held by scientists and farmers in the context of soil protection and management

This paper aims to analyse and draw together results from similar studies in England, Switzerland and France which investigated farmers’ understanding of soil and compared it with that of scientists, researchers and advisors (collectively called scientists in this analysis). A range of methods were used across the three studies and different theoretical approaches, looking at forms of knowledge, local practice of knowledge production and conceptions of reality, were employed to explain the results. Despite the different contexts, methodologies and theoretical approaches in the three studies, the results reveal similar patterns of difference in farmer and scientist understanding of soil. In the English study, farmers demonstrate a ‘know-how’ form or intuitive working knowledge of soil while advisors rely on scientifically established forms of ‘know-why’ and seek to understand and explain soil processes. Similarly in the Swiss study farmers’ and scientists’ differing perceptions are directed and shaped by their respective aims, methods and context of work. In the French study, farmers and researchers are shown to have different conceptions of soil, they attribute different meaning to the same activities, and use different words and language to describe the same features. In all three studies understanding is shown to be cultural and contextual, as such an integrative theoretical framework is proposed.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.     

森林生物多样性评价模型的改进

针对2002年的评价模型中的不足,提出了新的改进后的森林生物多样性变化的评价模型,并在我国第六次森林资源清查(1999～2003)资料的基础上,对1973～2003年我国森林生物多样性的变化进行了补充评价。评价结果表明:我国森林生物多样性的压力越来越大,压力指数由1973年的100,上升到2003年的199.10,上升了1.99倍;森林物种多样性总体的下降趋势已有一定幅度的改变,森林物种多样性指数增加了31.12%。森林生态系统多样性和森林生物多样性先逐渐上升,尔后又下降,第六次森林资源清查时又有所恢复,并分别上升了4.67个百分点和17.90个百分点。     

Underpayment of Small Producers of Coffee and Cocoa in Sierra Leone

Fieldwork shows that many Sierra Leonean producers do not receive the official producer price for their coffee and cocoa, due to the concentration of buying stations, credit relations, the small quantities offered for sale, and the lack of marketing knowledge of the numerous and unorganized farmers. To the traders underpayment may seem economically justifiable to a certain extent, but to the farmers it means poverty and debt. A new village marketing centre project aims at remedying this situation and has already led to higher prices. Although no longer allowed to take their "just" share from the producers, traders are still willing to deal with the new centres.     

Does sustainable agricultural growth require a system of innovation? Evidence from Ghana and Burkina Faso

This paper tests the ‘systems of innovation’ hypothesis for a selection of crops in Ghana and Burkina Faso that have shown significant growth in production over an approximately 20-year period. The question is whether such growth can only occur if supported by a system of innovation. Using two indicators (a common understanding on objectives and priorities, and a high level of interactivity), we find little evidence for the existence of anything that might be considered a high functioning system of innovation.