An exploration of multinational enterprise knowledge resources and foreign subsidiary performance

Successful international expansion requires that parent firms simultaneously transfer multiple MNE knowledge resources and their foreign subsidiaries effectively absorb and utilize the knowledge. In this study, we examine the relationships between multiple knowledge resources (technological and marketing knowledge), the relatedness between parents and foreign subsidiaries, and subsidiary performance. Relatedness is specifically linked to the type of knowledge being transferred from the parent (i.e., technological relatedness versus market relatedness). We hypothesize that subsidiary performance improves with (1) the integration of a parent firm's technological and marketing knowledge resources, (2) high technological (market) relatedness between a parent firm and subsidiaries for transfer of parent technological (market) knowledge and (3) the co-presence of high technological and market relatedness. We find general support in our analysis of pooled cross-sectional data on more than 4000 observations of foreign subsidiaries from 572 Japanese MNEs across 47 countries. Theoretical implications and future research are discussed.     

Implementing big data strategies: A managerial perspective

Despite considerable recent advances in big data analytics, there is substantial evidence that many organizations have failed to incorporate them effectively in their own decision-making processes. Advancing the existing understandings, this article lays out the steps necessary to implement big data strategies successfully. To this end, we first explain how the big data analytics cycle can provide useful insights into the characteristics of the environments in which many organizations operate. Next, we review some common challenges faced by many organizations in their uses of big data analytics and offer specific recommendations for mitigating them. Among these recommendations, which are rooted in the findings of strategy implementation research, we emphasize managerial responsibilities in providing continued commitment and support, the effective communication and coordination of efforts, and the development of big data knowledge and expertise. Finally, in order to help managers obtain a fundamental knowledge of big data analytics, we provide an easy-to-understand explanation of important big data algorithms and illustrate their successful applications through a number of real-life examples.     

Drivers of Adoption and Continued Use of E-Procurement Systems: Empirical Evidence from China

ABSTRACT

This article develops and empirically tests a research framework that models the role of technological, organizational, and environmental factors in organizational intention toward using e-procurement systems. The partial least square analysis of survey data from 211 firms in China demonstrates that technological factors including perceived efficiency benefits and perceived ease, organizational factors including business to business commerce expertise, information sharing culture, and top management support, and an environmental factor, business partner pressure, shape in different ways organizational intention to adopt and to continue with e-procurement. The findings of the study not only offer valuable insights for stimulating the diffusion of e-procurement systems but also provide important guidance to systems vendors in strategizing their marketing campaigns and focusing limited resources on relevant strategic components.     

大数据、人工智能与厂商竞争路径

经济学对市场竞争路径的学理性分析，主要集中在价格确定、产量确定、规模经济、产业组织等方面，而对科技进步引发市场竞争路径的变化并没有足够的关注。其实，市场竞争路径变化的底蕴是科技进步，只是经济学家在分析市场竞争路径时偏好于将科技因素作为外生变量处理。大数据和人工智能等的发展可谓是一场史无前例的科技革命，它对人类经济活动产生广泛而深刻的影响主要表现为：大数据及其运用怎样影响厂商投资经营，大数据与机器学习等人工智能手段相融合会在哪些方面改变厂商竞争路径，厂商如何提高数据智能化和实现网络协同化，在什么样的条件下会出现行业垄断，等等。文章的基本分析观点是：厂商竞争路径变化是贯穿于大数据、互联网和人工智能等相互融合过程的一种现象，这种现象对应于新科技进步和运用的不同层级；微观经济分析需要将新科技因素作为内生变量，通过分析大数据、机器学习与厂商竞争路径之间的关联，揭示厂商竞争路径变化机理以及由此引致的产业组织等问题。     

FDI、技术进步与技术壁垒形成 ——基于中国1992~2012 年的经验数据分析

FDI能够促进东道国的经济发展和技术进步,而技术的进步可能会带来技术监督标准的衍生和提高,映射在国际贸易领域就是技术壁垒的形成。FDI与技术进步的关系学界基本达成共识,即FDI能够促进东道国技术进步,而FDI、技术进步与技术壁垒之间是否存在联系尚待研究检验。基于我国1992~2012年相关数据的实证分析表明:FDI引起的技术进步对我国技术壁垒形成的贡献率较大,且随着时间推移,这一贡献率呈现平稳上升趋势,但上升的趋势逐渐减缓,即边际贡献率递减。     

The Research Field “Modeling Business Information Systems”

The research field “Modeling business information systems” has a long tradition in the scientific discipline of Business and Information Systems Engineering (BISE). The present paper highlights research shaping the research field, discusses challenges impairing the development of the research field in the coming years, and outlines elements of a future research agenda.     

Industry Interactions in Innovation Systems: A Bibliometric Study

Assorted interactions among the agents in a territory are considered as key elements for its scientific, technological, and innovation development, thus fostering the competitiveness of its business fabric and enhancing the quality of life of its residents. In this context, this article analyses this phenomenon, specifically industry relations with innovation system players (academic, scientific, technological, financing, and facilitating agents) through a bibliometric analysis. The methodology used progresses in three stages: construction of the scientific papers search strategy (published in the ISI Web of Knowledge reference database between 2001 and 2014); its implementation; and the corresponding bibliometric analysis, using the Vantage Point® software as a support tool. Among other aspects, the findings present progress achieved in the research field, together with leading authors, organizations, and countries, as well as with cooperative efforts among them, highlighting the status of this topic in Latin America. Finally, the article concludes that industry relations in innovation systems is a topic that is steadily expanding worldwide, with large numbers of cooperative projects among countries. However, it also shows that this study theme is still incipient in Latin America, not just Brazil.     

Click Here for a Data Scientist: Big Data,Predictive Analytics,and Theory Development in the Era of a Maker Movement Supply Chain

Predictive analytics is impacting many diverse areas, ranging from baseball and epidemiology to forecasting and customer relationship management. Manufacturers, retailers, software companies, and consultants are creatively discovering new applications of big data using predictive analytics in supply chain management and logistics. In practice, predictive analytics is generally atheoretical; however, we develop a 2 × 2 model to explain the role of predictive analytics in the theory development process. This 2 × 2 model shows that in our discipline we have traditionally taken one path to theory development, but that predictive analytics can be a salient component of a comprehensive theory development process. The model points to a number of research questions that need to be addressed by our research community. These questions are not just highly relevant to the academic community but also in urgent need of answers to help practitioners execute the right strategies with greater precision and efficiency. We also discuss how one disruptive trend, the maker movement, changes the nature of who the producers are in the supply chain, making big data even more valuable. As we engage in higher levels of dialogue we will be able to make meaningful progress addressing these vital research topics.     

Critical professional skills of MIS graduates: Practitioner vs. Academician perspectives

Since enterprises have become aware of technological developments; they have started to give significant importance to information technology investments. As in all university departments, also management information systems (MIS) and business informatics programs analyze the change in the industry and aim to graduate students that fit the current needs. The authors aim to evaluate the critical skills of MIS graduates and industry based on industry demand. Providing information systems support, knowledge on latest systems, managerial knowledge, systems development, project management, and teamwork comprise the six critical factors for becoming a successful MIS professional.     

企业对外投资对技术进步的影响

企业对外投资带来的技术进步,是企业对外投资的良性影响,也是逆向技术溢出效应在企业层面的具体体现。通过对企业外投资的总量特征、经济背景和结构的分析,指出企业通过对外投资能够使企业更多的接触国外先进的技术知识、降低国内企业的研发成本、使企业迅速实现人才资源的聚集。通过建模的方式,对企业对外投资对技术进步的影响进行定量分析。     

Leveraging Big Data to Develop Supply Chain Management Theory: The Case of Panel Data

Increased data availability is poised to shape both business practice and supply chain management (SCM) research. This article addresses an issue that can arise when trying to use big data to answer academic research questions. This issue is that distilled data often have a panel structure whereby repeated measurements are available on one or more variables for a substantial number of subjects. Thus, to fully leverage the richness of big data for academic research, SCM scholars need an understanding regarding the different types of research questions answerable with panel data. In this article, we devise a framework detailing different types of research questions SCM scholars can answer with panel data. This framework provides a basis to categorize how SCM scholars have examined the services supply chain setting of health care with public data regarding hospital‐level patient satisfaction. We extend prior research by testing a series of three questions not yet examined in this area by fitting a series of structured latent curve models to seven years of hospital‐level patient satisfaction for nearly 4,000 hospitals. The discussion highlights theoretical and methodological challenges SCM scholars are likely to encounter as they use the panel data in their research.     

科技工作者的职业发展需求现状及政策建议——基于安徽省的调查

本文以安徽省科技工作者为调查对象,基于4024份安徽省科技工作者的调查问卷数据和33位科技工作者的座谈调研记录,从人才培养支持、人才评价发现、开展学术合作交流、服务科技经济融合、开展科普和科技志愿活动、科研环境和学风作风建设六个方面系统了解了科技工作者的职业发展关切需求。研究发现,科技工作者对知识更新、长期稳定的科研经费支持和更加自主的科研环境需求强烈;在人才分类评价、非公组织人才社会化评审、青年科技人才宽松考评环境方面呼声较高;期望建立高水平、跨学科学术交流渠道和平台;对建立优化产学研合作机制、科技成果转化专业化服务需求迫切;呼吁搭建科普能力培训、科普产品供需对接和服务等平台;期望更加自由民主的学术氛围和有效的维权渠道。基于此,对于更好地满足科技工作者职业发展需求提出针对性的政策建议。     

流通产业发展方式转变国际经验及启示

本文主要从依靠科技进步,广泛应用信息技术及网络系统;调整与优化流通产业结构,促进流通产业结构合理化;大力发展连锁经营、物流配送、电子商务,不断推进流通方武现代化;注重流通企业经营创新与流通体制创新;适时制定与调整流通产业发展政策;依靠劳动者素质提高,加强流通业专业人才培养等六个方面分析了发达国家流通产业发展方式转变的基本经验.文章提出了转变我国流通产业发展方式政策建议:一是加快推进漉通信息化;二是推进流通产业政策和制度创新;三是大力培养和引进流通人才;四是推进流通方式现代化.     

现代企业回收废弃物信息管理系统浅析

随着生产技术的进步,社会活动日益复杂化,人们的日常生活管理工作中越来越离不开信息。企业物流信息管理系统的研究成为企业必须面对的问题。加之现代企业对绿色物流的重视程度加深了,本文就是在这样的大前提下对现代企业回收废弃物信息管理系统进行相关研究。     

知识动态能力视角的电商平台大数据分析价值链战略

电子商务领域信息技术的开放性提高了服务创新的可见性,为适应多维度要素交互的平台竞争环境,需要基于电商平台丰富的数据资源,通过大数据分析提高战略规划的动态性、灵活性和响应敏捷性,形成一种能够快速集合与组织资源的模式,实现业务价值传递的可持续,满足竞争对抗与互动以及时间轴动态演化的需要。鉴于此,基于大数据分析、知识管理、动态能力、业务流程理论和指向性网络调查数据,构建大数据分析价值链战略研究模型,探讨大数据分析、动态能力、流程级创新与核心竞争力及战略绩效之间的关联。研究结果表明,大数据分析能实现有效的内生源和外生源知识管理,帮助企业形成动态能力,构建核心竞争力,进而提高战略绩效;大数据分析能提高企业组织的灵活性,可作为企业在竞争中赖以生存发展的战略投资;外生源知识管理和内生源知识管理均可单独运作产生知识动态能力,但外生源知识管理的作用更显著有效,更值得重视;知识共享是流程级创新的潜在障碍,与合作商进行知识共享需要选择合适的路径;动态能力既可直接影响流程级创新与核心竞争力,也可调节知识资产对竞争力的影响。总之,大数据分析能够通过影响动态能力和流程级创新来提高核心竞争力,且动态能力在知识管理与流程级创新及核心竞争力(战略绩效)间具有中介作用,电商平台应客观认识大数据分析潜在价值,将之纳入信息技术战略,通过梳理大数据分析→动态能力→核心竞争力→战略绩效的价值链过程,形成战略协同,最终提高知识创新的边际绩效。     

新兴技术牵引下的联合情报装备体系建设

联合情报是联合作战能力的重要组成部分,科技力量是牵引联合情报装备体系发展的重要动力。近年来以人工智能和大数据为代表的新兴技术的日益成熟,为联合情报装备体系建设提供了重大机遇。以美军联合情报体系发展为研究范例,指出科技进步对情报体系发展的重要推动作用,结合美军对大数据、人工智能在情报领域应用技术的研究,分析了新技术的出现为联合情报装备体系的加速发展带来的支撑条件;结合情报体系建设实际问题,给出有关联合情报装备体系建设的若干思考。     

知识产权价值管理问题的研究

知识产权问题是当前各国科技政策与经济政策界关注的热点,而对知识产权的价值管理则是企业界面临的重要问题,为解决此问题,从知识产权的核算与管理对提高企业竞争力的影响出发,提出知识产权会计的研究和建设问题。通过构建知识产权会计的特殊核算系统、方法体系和会计分析评价系统,可以满足企业特殊的经营管理需要。     

Knowledge Protection Challenges of Social Media Encountered by Organizations

Although social media (SM) represents a new means of creating and sharing knowledge, it also presents new challenges for protecting confidential information and other data that companies do not want to share. However, knowledge protection and security-oriented knowledge management processes related to SM have received little attention in previous studies. This research attempts to close that gap by examining which information and knowledge protection challenges arise from employees' use of SM, why they arise, and how organizations can address them. The main contribution of this study is a framework that integrates three types of knowledge protection challenges (information security challenges; reputation challenge; management challenges) with five special characteristics of SM (information distribution speed; blurry audience; merging of private and professional identity; easily collectible information; generation transition), which explain why these challenges arise. In addition, the framework presents eight questions that organizations should answer to help them address the three types of knowledge protection challenges. Our findings have practical implications: by answering the eight questions proposed in this study, companies can create knowledge management and protection policies for SM. Furthermore, the findings in this study open up several future research questions.     

Writing and publishing important scientific articles: A reviewer's perspective

The article discusses various complex and interrelated quality issues mediating reviewers' expectations and standards. Authors must meet or exceed reviewers' and editors' expectations of providing convincing arguments and support of the importance and relevancy of the research topic and questions, evidence of scientific rigorousness, and meaningful and usefulness of the findings making substantial and/or incremental contributions to the scientific body of marketing knowledge. Marketing scholars struggling to publish their research in high-quality marketing journals will definitely benefit from the insights in this article.     

我国开放获取科技期刊和论文出版现状与趋势研究

开放获取是全球科技界、出版界、图书情报界为了推动科研成果利用互联网自由传播而采取的行动，其目的是促进科学交流与出版，提升科学研究公共利用程度和科技创新效率。为了解我国在推动科技成果开放获取运动中的作用和影响，本研究统计分析了我国在开放获取科技期刊建设和科研人员发表开放获取论文两方面的情况，并与世界主要国家或地区进行比较。研究发现，一方面，近十年来我国开放获取期刊数量稳步增长，但与英美国家仍有较大差距；我国开放获取期刊质量有明显提升，且高于我国所出版期刊的平均水平；另一方面，近十年来我国开放获取论文占所有论文的比例尽管有所增加，但仍显著低于世界平均水平；科研人员发表开放获取论文获得了我国政府部门的大力资助，但他们参与开放获取出版的积极性仍相对偏低。