基于物元可拓的生态住宅小区环境性能评价研究

在建立资源节约型、环境友好型社会理念的倡导下,生态住宅小区建设成为城市住区未来发展的方向。而建立一套标准的、适用的和可操作的绿色生态住宅小区综合评价指标体系,已成为推广和发展绿色生态住宅的必要条件。文章通过分析国内外生态住宅小区评价体系并结合政府相关规定构建了生态住宅小区综合评价指标体系,并采用物元可拓方法对其进行了综合评价,通过实例的应用分析,证明了模型的可靠性,为生态住宅建设与管理提供了一定的科学依据。     

生态工业园多层次模糊综合评价方法研究

随着工业化和环境冲突的不断加剧,如何对生态工业园进行综合评价成为学术界的热点问题。在总结前人研究成果的基础上,构建并提炼出生态工业园评价指标体系,采用多层次模糊综合评价模型对生态工业园的运行和发展情况进行了综合评价。     

基于层次分析的灰色模糊综合评价法在节能住宅技术经济评价中的应用

随着建筑节能的推广,迫切需要适合各地区的节能住宅技术评价方法。文章根据寒冷地区节能住宅特点,设计相应的技术经济评价指标体系,引入层次分析法、灰色关联度和模糊综合评价法对节能住宅设计方案进行评价,最后通过实例说明如何运用基于层次分析法的灰色模糊综合评价法进行节能设计方案的优选。分析模型可供节能住宅设计方案优选时参考。     

农业生态经济系统评价指标体系研究

本文在研究农业生态经济系统评价指标体系设置的理论依据和原则的基础上,从农业生态经济系统的结构、功能、效益三方面出发,建立包括结构评价、功能评价和效益评价的评价指标体系,并引进层次分析法和模糊数学的原理对各类指标进行综合评价。     

南京市生态住宅环境质量模糊综合评价研究——基于住户的视角

以我国现行的生态住宅评价体系为评价标准,利用住户的调研数据,对南京市生态住宅环境质量进行模糊综合评价.研究结果表明:南京市住户生态住宅的环境质量比较认同;不同类型住宅的认同程度存在差异,绿色景观型生态住宅的认同度最高,科技节能型生态住宅次之,非生态型住宅的认同度最低;生态住宅的室外环境认同度高于室内环境;生态住宅环境质量认同度在不同项目上分布不平衡.最后,针对研究结论提出相关建议.     

我国城市生态文明建设评价指标体系文献综述

本文对具体学者的相关研究做简要的叙述,并对我国现有的城市生态文明建设的评价指标体系进行了综合评述,对我国的生态文明建设指标体系的分析能促进学者们对生态文明理论研究的发展,为生态文明指标体系的实证研究做好研究基础.     

广东省市级海洋经济综合发展评价指标体系构建

在综合海洋经济可持续评估指标体系和社会发展指标体系的基础上,强调海洋经济综合发展的质和量两个方面,从海洋经济、海洋科教、海洋生态文明支撑力、综合管理能力和社会发展基础等五个方面构建了广东省市级海洋经济综合发展指数评价指标体系,对构建海洋经济综合发展指数评价指标体系的设计基础、设计原则予以描述,并提出了基本框架和具体指标内容,为广东省沿海地区海洋经济综合发展评价奠定了基础。     

十堰生态城市建设的测度

本文通过对指标体系的综合评价得到生态化综合指数.采用线性加权法,得出综合指数.对十堰生态市指标体系以及生态市建设现状进行了系统研究和综合评价。     

基于主成分分析法的商洛市生态城市建设综合评价

基于生态城市的内涵,运用综合评价思想,结合商洛市目前城市建设情况,从经济、社会、环境等三个方面构建商洛市生态城市发展水平综合评价指标体系,运用主成分分析方法对商洛生态城市建设进行综合评价,目的是提供商洛市生态城市综合评价的指标框架,为商洛市生态城市规划、建设和综合管理提供依据。     

环渤海经济圈城市生态位评价研究

文章对城市生态位相关理论特别是城市生态位态势理论进行了总结和整理。在此基础上,构建了城市生态位综合评价指标体系,并运用该指标体系,采用主成分分析方法,借助于SPSS软件,对环渤海经济圈相关城市的生态位状况进行了评价,以期为城市生态位的构建和城市的可持续发展提供理论参考和实践指导。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Forecasting the price of gold

This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.