应用DEA方法分析我国保险公司价值链

本文将具体的寿险公司和财险公司作为保险生产决策单元,通过数据包络分析方法(DEA)对各家保险公司分产寿险进行效率评测,之后将投入法分析结果作为保险公司价值链分析的基础.本文发现首先由保险公司价值链分析出的竞争优势对市场结构具有一定的影响,由于在寿险市场和财险市场规模的影响不同,寿险偏向寡占模式,财险偏向竞争模式;其次在保险公司层面,竞争力与规模无直接联系;最后针对不同类型的保险公司,从价值链角度给出了提升竞争优势的具体途径.     

"入世"对中国寿险公司产业组织的影响——基于2001-2005年非平衡面板数据的实证分析

文章采用2001-2005年中国寿险公司的非平衡面板数据,从微观领域实证研究了中国寿险业市场结构、市场竞争行为、市场绩效之间的关系及"入世"对上述关系的影响。实证结果表明,现阶段我国寿险公司产业组织中,市场份额与竞争努力程度负相关,而市场份额和竞争努力程度均与寿险公司经营绩效正相关。"入世"促使我国寿险公司间的无序竞争向有序竞争转变,对寿险公司经营绩效具有积极作用。     

保险监管模式变革的政策效应——基于中国财险产业组织的视角

伴随中国加入WTO,保险市场全面对外开放,保险监管模式的变革应运而生.本文首次从中国财险产业组织的视角对保险监管模式变革的政策效应进行实证分析.本文选取中国16家财险公司在1999-2007年间的面板数据,考察保险监管模式变革对中国财险业市场结构、竞争行为和经营绩效的影响,同时考察中资财险公司在竞争行为与经营绩效方面的市场表现.实证结果显示,市场结构与竞争行为负相关,与经营绩效正相关,竞争行为与经营绩效负相关;监管模式的变革与市场结构、竞争行为和经营绩效均表现为正相关,而中资公司则表现为负相关.     

中国钨产业市场结构实证研究

市场结构衡量市场的竞争垄断程度。文章选用市场集中度为计算指标,对21世纪后我国钨产业不同产业链的市场结构进行了实证分析。研究发现,随着产业链的延伸,钨的市场集中度呈现逐渐增高的特点,但是在不同的产业链环节上,集中度相差很大,几乎涵盖了所有的市场结构。     

外资银行进入中国市场的竞争效应研究

本文运用Panzar-Rosse模型计算了1995-2006年间中国银行业的H值及每年的Ht值,并以Ht值为被解释变量,以市场集中度(CR4)、外资银行机构数、外资银行资产份额和市场不稳定程度(Ⅱt)为解释变量,分析外资银行进入对中国银行业市场竞争程度的影响.结果表明:1995-2006年间中国银行业市场结构是垄断竞争型市场结构;外资银行进入强化了中国银行业市场竞争程度,但作用有限;外资银行资产份额与市场竞争程度存在较弱的正相关关系,而机构数与竞争程度不相关;市场集中度与市场竞争程度负相关,验证了SCP假说;市场稳定程度与市场竞争程度呈现出很弱的负相关.相应的政策建议是:加大引进外资银行的力度;提高国内银行业的创新能力;完善对外资银行的竞争性管制.     

保险保障基金制度效应分析——基于中国财险产业组织视角的研究

文章运用中国16家财险公司1999-2007年的面板数据,考察财险产业组织规律及保险保障基金制度对财险产业组织的影响,结果显示,中国财险业的市场结构与竞争行为正相关,市场结构与绩效正相关,竞争行为与绩效负相关;保险保障基金提取额与市场结构正相关,与竞争行为正相关,与绩效负相关.文章为了体现保险保障基金制度从隐性制度到显性制度的转变,将样本期间分为两阶段,尽管分阶段估计结果发生了一些变化,但并未改变基本结论.     

财产保险行业分析及竞争策略研究

文章对2007年我国财产保险市场运用市场集中度、五力模型和价值链进行了逐一分析。市场集中度分析认为随着人保、平安和太保老三家市场集中度的下降,新兴财产保险公司有广阔的市场空间。五力模型分析绘就了当前财产保险行业竞争格局。价值链分析得出财险公司经营的关键因素依次是人力资源管理能力、营销与客户关系建立能力、财务管理与投资获利能力和新产品开发能力。文章最后对新兴财险公司市场营销组合策略提出了建议。     

业务集中度对寿险公司利润和风险的作用研究

本文从产品类型、销售渠道、地理区域三个维度研究业务集中度对中国寿险公司利润和风险的作用.基于2005-2012年中国寿险公司的非平衡面板数据,计量分析发现,三个维度的集中度对公司利润、风险的作用存在较大差异,并且业务集中度对中资寿险公司和外资寿险公司作用也显著不同.对于中资寿险公司,产品集中度负向影响利润,正向影响风险;渠道、地理集中度正向影响利润;对于外资寿险公司,三个维度的集中度均正向影响公司利润,负向影响公司风险.此外,产品集中度对利润的正向影响、产品和渠道集中度对风险的负向影响均在外资寿险公司中更强,外资寿险公司从专业化中受益更大.     

转轨过程中我国银行业市场结构与绩效的实证分析

本文通过对我国银行业的市场份额、市场集中度、赫芬达尔指数以及进入壁垒的实际分析,认为我国经济转轨过程的银行业市场结构属于一种行政管制下的高度垄断结构,但有向垄断竞争演变的趋势.另外,还对我国银行业的市场结构对绩效的影响进行了实证考察,发现市场集中度与净资产收益率呈弱正相关.最后提出改革银行业的政策思路.     

开放程度对财险业产业组织影响的经济效应——基于新产业组织理论的研究

本文根据战略性贸易政策理论,构建了一个包括保险公司努力程度、外资保险公司竞争活动外部性和贸易成本的模型.基于新产业组织理论,对中国保险产业组织进行了实证研究,并考查我国保险市场开放程度对保险产业组织的影响.结果表明:(1)我国财险市场存在过度竞争,竞争侵蚀利润.(2)以FDI衡量的我国财产保险市场的开放程度与保险公司的竞争行为正相关,与市场份额、绩效正相关,但影响程度正在弱化.(3)保险市场开放程度和财险公司竞争活动、经济增长的协同效应体现为此消彼长的替代关系.     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Solidified Branding Function: How the Urban Brand Affects a Small Town’s Development? Case Study of Wangqingtuo,Tianjin, China

Chinese small towns are usually developed with single core industry,and the urban brand is the identity of a town that formed with the development of its indust...     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.     

Neurally reconstructing expected utility

While the concept of “expected utility” informs many theories of decision making, little is known about whether and how the human brain might compute this quantity. This article reviews a series of functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) experiments designed to localize brain regions that respond in anticipation of increasing amounts of monetary incentives. These studies collectively suggest that anticipation of increasing monetary gains activates a subcortical region of the ventral striatum in a magnitude-proportional manner. This ventral striatal activation is not evident during anticipation of losses. Actual gain outcomes instead activate a region of the mesial prefrontal cortex. During anticipation of gain, ventral striatal activation is accompanied by feelings characterized by increasing arousal and positive valence. These findings affirm the role of emotion in the anticipation of incentives, and may provide an initial step towards a neural reconstruction of expected utility.