张掖市绿洲现代农业发展的思路与对策

在生态文明时代背景下,将张掖市绿洲现代农业发展同黑河流域生态建设相结合,在生态建设中发展农业,在农业发展中推进生态建设,使农业发展与生态建设相互耦合,以实现张掖市绿洲现代农业发展。文章从"山地——绿洲——荒漠系统"(CODS)结构出发,分析了张掖市绿洲现代农业发展的自然、经济、社会条件,提出张掖市绿洲现代农业发展的思路和对策。     

张掖市绿洲现代农业可持续发展的思路与对策

文章以张掖绿洲资源条件为基础,分析张掖市农业发展的有利条件和存在的问题,从"山地——绿洲——荒漠系统"(CODS)结构出发,以持续农业理论为指导,提出了张掖市绿洲现代农业可持续发展的途径及对策。     

张掖市绿洲现代农业发展模式探索

张掖是一个位于沙漠戈壁之中的绿洲城市。农业是张掖绿洲的传统优势产业,但在新的经济形势下,突破传统模式,转变发展方式,发展绿洲现代农业,已成为张掖市绿洲农业发展的必由之路。文章将绿洲农业理论与张掖市绿洲农业发展实践相结合,探求了张掖市不同生态区域绿洲现代农业发展模式。     

新疆南疆绿洲经济的发展——以和田地区为例

南疆的社会经济发展实质上就是绿洲社会经济的发展。由于南疆绿洲处在严酷的干早环境中,决定了绿洲生态系统十分脆弱,极易朝着荒漠化方向演化,从而导致绿洲环境变迁、生态系统全盘崩溃,民丰县尼雅遗址就是一个事实。当前,南疆绿洲面临着诸如水体面积减少,沙漠化加剧等严重的环境问题。因此,遵循自然规律,因地制宜的实施绿洲可持续发展战略,是和田以及整个南疆今后发展的必由之路。认识发展绿洲经济的外部环境与条件对于和田绿洲经济的可持续发展具有重要的意义。     

浅谈基于循环经济的和田地区环境保护问题

循环经济的发展与环境保护有着非常密切的关系。和田是历史悠久的绿洲型灌溉农业区,以农业为主。和田地区建国以来,经济发展取得长足进步的同时,本地区的生态环境问题日益突出,环境保护已成为和田地区社会经济发展的重要任务之一。客观、准确地认识和田地区的自然环境、社会经济特征和生态环境现状,制定相应的环境保护对策,对于和田地区经济社会的可持续发展十分重要。     

民勤绿洲生态农业经济可持续发展探析

在研究民勤绿洲生态农业经济发展现状的基础上,分析了制约民勤绿洲生态农业经济发展的原因,提出了生态农业经济在民勤绿洲实现可持续发展的对策.一是树立全民生态意识,完善政府管理服务体系;二是促进农业产业结构转型,积极发展循环经济,实现可持续发展.     

新疆绿洲农业区域发展差异评价

绿洲是干早区所特有的地理景观,是干旱区人类生存和生产的核心场所。绿洲农业的稳定与否,直接关系到区域社会经济的持续发展。利用2007年数据,借鉴已有研究方法,结合相应的数学模型,对新疆绿洲农业发展差异进行分析评价,结合实证结果提出一些对策建议。     

生态文明视阈下区域低碳经济与现代循环农业发展若干思考

发展低碳经济是应对全球气候变化和解决人口、资源、环境与社会经济发展不可持续问题的重要思路。循环农业,是建设低碳经济的有效途径。大力发展现代循环农业,推动低碳经济发展,对于推动生态文明建设具有重大意义。     

生态产业——绿洲经济新增长点

绿洲寓于沙漠,有着非常脆弱的生态本底,绿洲经济的发展必然有其独特的规律.本文在回顾经济增长理论的基础上提出"生态内因论"经济发展模式,以此理论为基础,探讨了绿洲经济发展的本质属性,指出生态产业是符合"生态内因论"经济发展模式,生态产业的发展必将成为绿洲经济新的增长点.     

关于滴灌工程设计中支管管径设计方法的思考

水资源危机不仅成为全球经济持续发展的中心问题之一，而且也已经成为全球政治的中心议题之一。新疆是一个水资源相对贫乏、时空分布不均的内陆干旱与半干旱地区，社会经济发展具有“绿洲经济、灌溉农业”的特征。因此，发展高效节水设施成为促进新疆人水和谐和可持续发展的重要举措。     

A study of benefits compensation mechanism for agricultural water rights trading under the restriction of ecological reconstruction: case study of Shiyang River basin

Agricultural water allocation system based on priority rights has caused regional conJtiets and downstream ecological degradation.It is the urgent need to introduce the concept of the initial water rights and establish benefits compensation mechanism to resolve such problems.This paper takes the Shivang River basin as an example to calculate the opportunity cost of 0.97×108m3 of agricultural water encroached by the middle reach based on initial water right allocation system under which water is allocated in accordance with the ratio between agricultural population of two different regions concerning the downstream ecological reconstruction needs with Bio-economic model (BEM).The results suggest that the total economic loss of Minqin County for ecological econstruction amounts to 2.57×108 yuan,of which 1.68×108 yuan is ecological compensation,representing the economic loss Minqin suffered for ecological reconstruction which should burden beneficial groups of eeological reconstruction and 0.89×108 yuan is the economic loss Minqin suffered due to Liangzhou's encroachment behavior which should be compensated by Liangzhou.     

我国东中西部三地区环境与经济系统发展的协调度研究

区域环境与经济系统发展的协调度研究,具有高度复杂性、不确定性、多层次性等特点,难以量化,近年来已成为理论和应用研究的热点问题.在总结现有研究成果的基础上,构建了环境与经济协调发展评价指标体系,并根据相关数量模型对我国东部、中部、西部三大地区的环境与经济发展协调度进行了综合度量,以期为区域经济可持续发展状况的时空比较和有关政策的实施提供科学的依据.     

环境意识的内涵及其作用

环境意识的概念是随着人与自然的矛盾加剧而产生的。环境意识反映的是人们的一种心理,是对环境的认同感。在这种心理的作用下,人们会有意识地去关注环境变化和生态平衡,并且会自觉地维护生态系统的良性发展。环境意识包括环境认识观、环境价值观、环境伦理观、环境法制观和环境参与观五部分,分为感性认识、知识、态度、评价和行为五个层次。对环境意识的研究在人与自然的发展中具有巨大的实践指导意义。     

中国西北地区环境规制强度与城镇化质量的协调性分析

以西北地区为例,探讨环境规制强度与城镇化质量的耦合协调发展关系及其主要障碍因子,以期为促进二者协调发展和经济高质量发展提供参考。在构建环境规制强度与城镇化质量评价指标体系的基础上,运用熵值法、耦合协调模型和障碍度模型对西北地区环境规制强度与城镇化质量的综合发展水平、协调发展水平以及主要障碍因子进行分析,结论如下:第一,环境规制强度与城镇化质量综合得分整体均呈上升趋势,其中后者综合得分及其增长幅度均比前者要高;第二,环境规制强度与城镇化质量的耦合协调度较低,基本位于过渡区间并且多数是环境规制滞后类型,同时两者的协调发展水平整体呈稳步提升趋势;第三,影响环境规制强度与城镇化质量协调发展的障碍因子主要位于环境规制强度系统内。基于此,提出生态理念先行、制度保障紧随、产业升级并行的对策建议。     

经济增长目标、公众参与及环境质量治理

本文分析了混合型经济增长目标、公众参与及交互项对环境的影响,结果发现混合型经济增长目标与环境污染之间呈倒U型关系。信访来信与电话投诉起到了抑制环境污染的作用,且具有明显的滞后效应。并且,受混合型经济增长目标影响,公众参与并未起到改善环境质量的作用。理论和实证研究均表明,混合型经济增长目标一定程度上恶化了环境,并且导致公众参与失灵,对进一步调整经济增长目标、完善公众参与制度具有重要的启示作用。     

Product classification to support approximate life-cycle assessment of design concepts

Many companies are beginning to change the way they develop products due to increasing awareness of sustainable development. Designers, who play a key role in product development, are being asked to incorporate environmental criteria into the design process. The need for analytically based conceptual design methods for integrated life-cycle assessment (LCA) has motivated the development of an approximate life-cycle assessment concept based upon learning algorithms. Although preliminary tests on general approximate models showed promise, it was observed that grouping products to create specialized learning surrogate LCA models for different classes of products might further improve results. This paper presents work to develop an automated classification system to support the specialization of surrogate LCA models for different groups of products. Hierarchical clustering is used to guide a systematic identification of product groups based upon environmental categories. These groupings are then used to create automated classification schemes using the C4.5 decision tree algorithm. Although further data are needed to induce good generalization performance, resulting product classification systems are considered to be a viable approach to support specialized learning surrogate LCA models for different classes of products.     

农业绿色发展指标设计及水平测度

为探究我国及各省份农业绿色发展趋势及现状,科学分析各地区农业绿色发展的优势与困境,基于2008—2018年各省份数据构建了以资源环境绿色、农业经济发展、农业科技发展、农业产出绿色化四位一体的农业绿色发展指标体系,并构建计量模型对各省份农业绿色发展水平进行初步评估。结果表明,自2008年以来农业绿色发展水平稳中向好,全国总体水平逐年提高;农业经济、农业科技发展势头迅猛,农业产出绿色化总体水平较低,农业生态资源环境问题依旧严重;各省份农业绿色发展水平差异较大,但个别省份表现突出,区位差异并不能完全影响农业绿色化水平。建议各级政府健全农业资源监测网络体系与农业资源大环境数据中心,总结各地在生态资源保护治理方面的经验,因地制宜,推进农业绿色化进程。     

系统动力学-投入产出分析整合方法的区域发展协调性研究

将资源环境价值体现在经济核算中,建立绿色国民经济核算体系,全面考虑资源环境与社会经济发展之间的相互作用和相互影响,已成为世界性的热点议题。本文根据物质平衡原理和系统整体性、相关性理论,针对区域社会经济环境复合系统的特点,提出了系统动力学—投入产出分析整合方法,用于研究区域发展协调性,将环境成本和资源价值纳入区域投入产出分析中,为构建区域绿色经济核算体系准备了方法。     

Interrelationships between income,health and the environment: extending the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis

This paper examines the link between the health indicators and the environmental variables for a cross-section of countries widely dispersed on the economic development spectrum. While environment and income are seen to have an inverted-U shaped relationship (Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis), it is also well established that environment and health are positively related. Our study focuses on the implications of this for the relationship between health and income. In the early phases of income growth, the gains in health and the losses in environmental quality could cancel each other out and this challenges the idea that as incomes increase health would always improve. To empirically analyse these issues, we estimate a two-stage least squares model that focuses on the impact of income and the environment on health status, with environment being an endogenous variable. Our results show that the environmental stress variable has a significant negative effect on health status. At the same time, gross national product (GNP) levels are shown to vary positively with health status variables. We find that the health gains obtained through improved incomes can be negated to a significant extent if the indirect effect of income acting via the environment is ignored. Research findings in this regard would be a useful policy instrument towards maximising both the environmental and health gains that come with economic growth and development.     

A study of legal attributes of carbon emission rights in carbon trading

Clean Development Mechanism （CDM） has given birth to an international carbon trading market prosperity, which provides developing countries with valuable opportunity to address climate change issues right along with economic development and environmental improvement to achieve sustainable development. However, most studies of CDM focus on economics, and few on its legal problems. CDM involves too many aspects. And the clear legal attribute of trading object is the basis of progress of the transaction and also the start point of legal protection. Therefore, this paper in accordance with the inherent principle of property rights economics, and environmental economics in CDM, only discusses CDM carbon emission right legal interpretation and its attribution. The paper recommends that in order to ensure and promote the carbon emission right trading, carbon emission right should be attributed into the system of real rights to be regulated by Real Right Law. In this way, carbon emission right can gain exclusive power of possession and use, which can achieve a clear right definition of environmental goods in line with Coase＇s theory to protect Chinese profit in carbon trading market and promote the development of the carbon trading market further.