“十一五”中前期我国控制能源活动温室气体排放成就及建议

十一五前三年我国单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放下降12.2%,标志着温室气体排放得到有效控制,但同时控制能源活动温室气体排放政策仍然存在着定位不清、战略地位不明确、体制机制不健全等缺憾。2020年温室气体控制目标的提出和复杂的国际谈判形势也为下一步工作提出了新要求。因此,我国应根据形势变化,从十一五后期起对温室气体排放控制政策作出调整。     

东北地区温室气体减排的经济对策——以吉林省为例

温室气体减排已作为约束性指标列入我国国民经济和社会发展中长期规划,是我国各省级行政单位的工作目标之一。东北地区是我国高碳排放区,温室气体减排压力较大。以2005年和2010年吉林省温室气体排放量核算数据为依据,分析吉林省温室气体排放总量、排放强度及主要排放来源,提出控制能源产业碳排放量过快增长、发展低碳能源产业和碳汇项目等节能减排的经济对策。     

我国火电企业减少温室气体排放探索

减少温室气体排放成为解决全球变暖问题的核心之一。我国火电企业的二氧化碳排放约占全国总二氧化碳总排放的一半。而信息化建设为火电企业减少温室气体排放提供了新的思路。因此,系统分析了我国火电企业排放温室气体和信息化建设的现状,及信息化系统减少温室气体排放的机理。最后,对将来火电企业更好地利用信息化减少温室气体排放进行展望。     

国内外温室气体排放的对比分析

近年来,温室气体的减排分析已经成为国际社会的热点问题,笔者从五个方面分析了中国温室气体排放的现状,并对国内外温室气体排放的数据进行了对比和分析,力图通过这种方式对我国CO2人均排放量和排放强度在国际上的水平进行探讨,为我国在后京都时代如何承诺减排提供有利的前提和基础。     

低碳背景下中国农业温室气体排放研究

该文从国外农业温室气体排放出发,总结了国外温室气体减排经验,继而从碳排放和非碳温室气体排放两个方面研究了中国农业温室气体排放途径和特点,并通过投入产出法对农业的隐含碳排放进行了测算,结果显示:2007年农业直接碳排放量为985.26万吨,直接碳排放强度0.1593吨/万元,隐含碳排放量为4452万吨,隐含碳排放量强度0.72吨/万元。在借鉴国外温室气体减排基础上,提出了适合我国国情的农业温室气体减排对策。     

上海低碳经济发展及城市间比较

对于特定年份某一城市低碳经济发展的成就进行评价，首先应当考察其温室气体排放总量和（总体）温室气体排放强度：更加细致一点，应当考察温室气体排放在三次产业和三次产业中主要行业的分布，以及三次产业和三次产业中主要行业的温室气体排放强度；在此基础上，可以进行城市问比较，以判断该城市在低碳经济发展国内外竞争格局中的位置。     

聚焦碳税

由于二氧化碳是最主要的温室气体之一,能源系统又是最主要的二氧化碳排放源,因此目前温室气体排放控制的重点集中在能源系统二氧化碳排     

积极推进低碳试点示范——专访国家发改委应对气候变化司司长苏伟

2009年11月,国务院常务会议提出了到2020年我国控制温室气体排放的行动目标,即到2020年我国单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放比2005年下降40%～45%,作为约束性指标纳入国民经济和社会发展中长期规划,并     

论温室气体排放管制的政治学根据

温室气体排放管制的政治学根据包括绿色政治和政治合法性两个方面。在绿色政治的大背景下,国际政治和国内政治都将温室气体排放管制问题放到了一个非常重要的位置。政府对温室气体排放行为进行管制是实现和维护其政治合法性的重要途径。温室气体排放管制本身是政府作为公共权力主体应当提供的一种特殊公共产品。温室气体排放管制是政府履行其社会职能的重要方面。温室气体排放管制的目的是为社会提供环境公共产品——安全的气候。作为地球村的一员,每个国家应当积极采取相关法律政策措施促进温室气体减排。     

我国贸易开放与温室气体排放动态关系实证研究

自2001入世以来,中国对外贸易的开放程度越来越高,伴随而来的是温室气体的排放总量的快速增长。文章以温室气体CO_2为例,借助2000-2013年中国贸易和CO_2排放量数据,采取协整分析方法系统分析了中国对外贸易与CO_2排放间的动态关系,研究结果表明:贸易开放与温室气体排放间互动效果明显,呈现为正向影响,且维持长期均衡稳定,这说明我国对外贸易开放程度是温室气体排放快速变化的原因之一,即贸易开放程度越高,CO_2排放量越大,在此基础上给出了促进我国对外贸易开放与资源环境保护良性互动的相关建议。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Forecasting the price of gold

This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.