Promoting cost efficiency and uniformity in parcel delivery centre locations and service areas: a GIS-based analysis

This paper provides a systematic framework to determine local delivery centre (LDC) locations and service areas to reduce delivery costs and balance the allocation of parcel delivery loads to promote sustainable LDC development. Based on a case study of a parcel distribution company in Korea, this study proposes two strategies for LDC service area delineation within each terminal service boundary that either minimises the total delivery time or balances the allocation of delivery loads. This research contributes to improving cost efficiency and balancing delivery load allocations in planning LDC locations and service areas that can potentially promote the long-term mutual sustainable development of parcel distribution companies and their local delivery counterparts.     

城市居住与就业的空间配合研究——以北京市为例

随着中国社会经济的发展,近年来很多地区都经历着快速的城市化,一些大中城市出现了普遍的非自然性产业演替过程,这个过程中又伴随着城市人口的迅速膨胀和城市面积的急剧扩张,多种因素的共同作用使得中国一些大城市面临着不同程度的人口空间失配问题.论文通过对北京市不同区域内3个社区进行实地调研,在考察了各个社区内部居民通勤方式和工作可通达度之后得出关于北京市空间失配情况的结论,建议规划部门和房地产开发企业对新出现的空间失配现象给予足够重视,调整按照旧有城市发展进程设定的规划或开发选址思路.     

人寿保险基层公司加强风险防范研究

人寿保险公司的架构一般由总公司、省级公司、市二级分公司及县支基层公司组成,总公司对其基层公司的管理在时间、空间上的跨度都很大,如果制度不健全、管控不到位,那么业务发展越大,基层公司对风险防范管控的压力就越大,依法合规经营将面临更严峻的挑战。     

人寿保险基层公司加强风险防范研究

人寿保险公司的架构一般由总公司、省级公司、市二级分公司及县支基层公司组成,总公司对其基层公司的管理在时间、空间上的跨度都很大,如果制度不健全、管控不到位,那么业务发展越大,基层公司对风险防范管控的压力就越大,依法合规经营将面临更严峻的挑战。     

Stochastic Route Choice Equilibrium Assignment for Travelers with Heterogeneous Regret Aversions

Most route choice models assume that people are completely rational. Recently, regret theory has attracted researchers’ attentions because of its power to depict real travel behavior. This paper proposes a multiclass stochastic user equilibrium assignment model by using regret theory. All users are differentiated by their own regret aversion. The route travel disutility for users of each class is defined as a linear combination of the travel time and anticipated regret. The proposed model is formulated as a variational inequality problem and solved by using the self-regulated averaging method. The numerical results show that users’ regret aversion indeed influences their route choice behavior and that users with high regret aversion are more inclined to change route choice when the traffic congestion degree varies.     

A Comparison of Slack Resources in High and Low Performing British Companies

Theory predicts that slack resources provide the means for achieving flexibility in developing strategy options. The outcome of generating and investing slack resources to achieve flexibility should be improved company performance. There is also a prediction that low performing companies are likely to have lower levels of slack than high performing companies, and therefore are likely to have less potential for achieving flexibility to impact on performance. However, as the literature features several inadequacies a comparative study of high and low performing British companies was carried out to address these inadequacies. While multiple measures of slack were found to be predictors of company performance in high performing companies, they seemingly have negligible impact on performance in low performing companies. Also, only certain types of slack resources are seemingly more prominent in high performers than in low performers. The results provide a development and refinement of the previous limited knowledge about slack resources.     

Human resources management in Spain: is it possible to speak of a typical model?

There is no shortage of literature studying the relationships between the various processes of human resources management, considered individually, and the strategy of the company. Nevertheless, studies that adopt a joint approach are scarce. In this study, working from the universalist, contingent and configurational perspectives, we seek to identify the possible existence of human resources management models and their links with the strategy of the company. Empirical analysis conducted with 130 industrial companies reveals three distinct models of human resources management but with behaviours independent of the strategies followed by the companies. At the same time we find, within each model, orientations of particular processes that are common among them and are thus characteristic of a universalist approach.     

A汽车公司整车配送模式优化及实施

汽车整车物流的核心在于整车配送,合理的配送模式更有利于汽车企业的管理,更有利于提高公司整车配送质量、降低公司整车配送费用。文中先对A公司整车配送模式及存在问题进行分析,在此基础上提出公司整车配送模式优化、优化后的益处以及具体实施。     

Commuter Responses to Travel Time Uncertainty under Congested Conditions: Expected Costs and the Provision of Information

A simulation methodology for analyzing policies for reducing traffic congestion and the effect of providing commuters with pre-trip information is developed. This combines a model incorporating travel time uncertainty to determine optimal home departure times with a supply-side congestion model of a highway facility. Congestion is endogenously generated for different scenarios using a randomly generated normal distribution of work start times and previously estimated parameters. The results suggest that greater reductions in the expected costs of commuting may be achievable by policies that reduce travel time variance rather than just travel times. Policy simulations which analyze the congestion effects of providing commuters with pre-trip information are found to not necessarily provide many benefits to those using the information, although gains may be minor because the only behavioral response is limited to departure time changes.     

优化物流系统——分析澳大利亚Burberry的物流系统

商业物流日益成为许多公司的重要组成部分。有时,物流成本占到公司销售额的30％以上。因此。公司有必要制定一个完善的计划来控制供应链和分销渠道结构,最大程度缩小所需要的时间和人力,从而降低成本。同时,公司必须保持甚至提高它们的产品质量,以维护其客户的利益。以对Burberry有限公司的研究为案例,说明供应链和分销结构如何在公司中运作。首先,从历史和商业结构的角度对Burberry的背景进行了介绍;其次,详细地阐述了Burberry的供应链结构;然后作者讨论了Burberry的通讯是如何进行运作的,再次通过Burberry日程和路线进行描述,以说明其配送体系;最后,为增强Burberry的竞争力提出了建议。     

中铁行包公司基本生产设备配置的研究

在社会对小宗货物及高附加值小宗货物的快速运输需求日益增长的背景下,中铁行包公司作为铁路部门小宗货物快捷运输的主要负责系统,其运营好坏直接影响铁路在快运市场上的占有率,而基本生产设备的配置问题又直接关系到中铁行包公司能否满足日益增长的行包需求.本文提出设备配置理论,对设备的规划、配置、更新有着重要的意义.     

Managing Legitimacy in Business-Driven Social Change: The Role of Relational Work

This paper examines how companies manage their legitimacy in driving social change, drawing attention to how companies proactively negotiate their involvement with nonmarket actors. Building on the legitimacy-as-process perspective, I argue that companies construct the legitimacy of their involvement by engaging in relational work, that is, by investing efforts in shaping their relations with others and thereby redefining roles and responsibilities. To explore the role of relational work in business-driven social change, I present an inductive, interpretive study of a pharmaceutical company’s efforts to build a market for its products by improving diabetes care in Indonesia. Grounded in the empirical study, I develop a process model to explain how legitimacy is redefined from the bottom-up, that is, how a company’s involvement is re-negotiated in situ and crafted to attain the social approval of a wider audience. Advancing the micro-foundations of nonmarket strategy, the model offers new insights into how companies can organize with nonmarket actors and how they can effectively publicize their involvement as socially responsible. I also discuss the model’s implications for a more critical research agenda on the political responsibilities of companies in social change.     

Fuzzy modelling of static system optimum traffic assignment problem having multi origin-destination pair

Traffic congestion is an unpreventable problem to avoid in a transportation network and it has negative effects on traffic accident, time wasting, traffic delay and safety problem. Besides, in transportation networks, drivers do not want to deal with traffic jam while traversing between specified origin-destination pair. Therefore, traffic assignment (TA) is imperative to improve traffic management, transportation safety, time, and cost savings. System Optimum Traffic Assignment Problem (SOTAP) is a kind of TA model which aims to minimize the total system travel time on the network, and satisfies the flow conservation constraints. To model the SOTAP more realistically, the imprecise parameters can be taken as fuzzy. Therefore, in this paper, we focus on converting the conventional SOTAP to a fuzzy quadratic programming problem (QPP) which is named System Optimum Fuzzy Traffic Assignment Problem (SOFTAP). Here, link travel time is expressed with BPR function as generally used in the literature by converting to fuzzy except link-dependent parameters. Thus, the nonlinear objective function of SOFTAP is expressed in terms of fuzzy link flows and fuzzy link travel times. A solution approach from the literature is modified to the reconstructed SOFTAP.     

WJH公司物流配送模式中存在的问题及对策

近年来,CPI持续上涨,人们也越来越关注与日常生活息息相关的农产品价格问题。于是,许多城市开始建设菜篮子工程,出台各种政策来促进农资公司的发展,力求稳定农产品价格,文中选取WJH公司为研究对象,研究农资公司的农产品配送模式中存在的问题,深入分析内在原因并提出相应对策。     

聚类分析方法在行包运输规划中的应用

本文以地级市为基本单位,选择与行包运输相关的多项经济指标对其进行聚类分析,选出其中重要的行包运输核心城市,并根据其地理位置及路网结构,再次应用聚类分析的方法,以这些核心城市群为对象把全国分为20个行包区域,为行包专列开行路径的规划提供参考依据.     

基于动态事件调度仿真的高速铁路动车组运用计划计算机协同编制方法的研究

依据动车组运用的牵引动力与载客装置不可分离的原则,动车组挂运接续和列车运行线的时点是一致的,因此将这些时点作为变量,考虑动车组整备维修、动车组站段折返接续作业时间、列车运行线铺画约束、列车挂运匹配等条件,建立以动车组运用效率和列车运行计划均衡性为指标的基本模型,采用动态事件表调度方法实现可行方案编制,研究站间固定区段运用模式下,单基地多车种的动车组运用计划与成对列车运行计划协同编制问题。最后以京津客运专线实际条件模拟编制动车运用计划,以验证模型与算法的可行性。     

Classification of micro,small and medium enterprises (M-SME) based on their available levels of knowledge

This paper proposes a novel and practical method of classifying micro, small and medium enterprises (M-SME) based on their available levels of knowledge. This classification considers that the specific problems that dominate a company’s operations are related to the level of knowledge available. Therefore, identifying the dominant problem groups facing the company can enable an estimate of the level of knowledge available in the enterprise.Data from 2698 Mexican M-SMEs are used to identify operational problems. The main problem groups are obtained through a cluster analysis. The proposed classification consists of three levels of knowledge based on the interpretation of the dominant problem groups in each enterprise. Each of the 2698 Mexican M-SME are classified by a discriminant analysis.Nearly half of the M-SME are classified as having a lower level of available knowledge, and only 10% are classified with the highest level. No difference is observed between the size of the company and the level of available knowledge. This means that growth in the number of employees and sales of M-SMEs is not necessarily accompanied by an accumulation of knowledge that companies can use to improve their operations.     

Extending the scope of environmental management: The case of company-assisted travel in Britain

European initiatives such as eco‒labelling and eco‒management and audit have encouraged a focus in company environmental policies on the environmental impacts directly associated with the production, distribution, use and disposal of products. Indirect effects, such as business‒related travel, have been given much less attention. The environmental consequences of company policies to include company cars, and other forms of assistance for car travel, in the remuneration packages of British managers are assessed. The need to target the travel miles generated by business activity is highlighted, and sources of resistance to policies to cut back on company cars are identified. Success in bringing company‒assisted travel within the orbit of company environmental policy, it is suggested, would not only bring immediate environmental benefits, but could also be significant in challenging aspects of organizational culture which hold back the development of sustainable business. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

Learning strategic cooperative behavior in industrial symbiosis: A game‐theoretic approach integrated with agent‐based simulation

This paper investigates the negotiation phase of industrial symbiosis relationships, where companies exchanging wastes for inputs need to develop strategies on how to share the additional costs to operate the industrial symbiosis business. The business behavior is approached as a “coopetition” problem where companies need to cooperate to reduce waste discharge costs and traditional input purchase costs and dive into competition to pay a minimum share of additional costs (i.e., waste treatment, waste transportation, and transaction costs) of operating industrial symbiosis. A noncooperative game‐theoretical model for sharing the additional costs is proposed that highlights the two strategies that companies can adopt aimed at sharing costs: a fair strategy and an opportunistic strategy. Then, an agent‐based model is used to simulate the game iterated over time and investigate how the players can adapt their strategies according to their past experience. Simulation results show that players learn that playing the fair strategy is beneficial in the long period, despite in the short period they can gain more benefit by playing the opportunistic strategy. Findings of the paper are critically important to reduce the business and managerial barriers against the formation of industrial symbiosis networks and to stimulate innovative thinking of company managers to foster the development of the circular economy. The paper proposes theoretical, managerial, and policy implications, which are discussed in detail in a comparative manner between linear and circular economy.     

杭州市交通拥堵治理对策研究

随着工业化、城市化进程的加快,越来越多的人口和资源涌入城市。城市居住人口密度不断加大,出行越来越拥挤,城市交通拥堵已经成为困扰国内外大城市发展的一个普遍性难题。杭州地处长三角的腹地,近年来随着经济和旅游业的快速发展,交通拥堵问题已经成为制约杭城发展的一个难题。因此,当前亟需结合杭州市的城市特点,借鉴发达国家城市治理交通拥堵的经验,提出解决杭州市交通拥堵问题的策略和方法。