浅谈地源热泵技术及其在暖通工程中的应用

地源热泵是通过输入少量的高品位能源,从而实现低位热能向高位热能转移的热泵技术.作为建筑节能的重要手段,在众多供热空调新技术中,地源热泵系统的发展最为迅速.文章通过分析地源热泵的技术原理及特点,针对地源热泵系统在暖通工程实践中的应用问题进行了探讨,以期为有效提升工程质量提供理论依据.     

地源热泵系统原理及优点分析

地源热泵是利用水与地能(地下水、土壤或地表水)进行冷热源交换作为热泵的冷热源,通过热泵技术获取可供空调使用的冷热水的空调系统.本文从系统原理、分类及特点、地源热泵的优势等方面描述了地源热泵的原理及相应分类.     

城市污水源热泵中央空调技术浅析

城市污水源热泵中央空调技术是我国当前各类热泵技术中发展和应用前景最被看好的一类技术,节能减排效果显著.本文简要介绍了污水源热泵空调技术在国内外的发展现状,分析了污水源热泵空调技术的技术特点和优势,总结了污水源热泵空调技术在应用中存在的问题.     

浅谈西安地区地源热泵的应用

地源热泵作为可再生能源,由于其具有环保无污染等优点,近年来被广泛应用于建筑物的供热、供冷以及热水系统。我市为积极响应并落实我国“节能减排”的号召,现阶段努力提倡和号召推广地源热泵在我市的发展,并给予一定的政策及资金的支持。目前,我市与国内一些城市相比,地源热泵系统的推广应用较为落后,发展较慢。本文就一些实例对地源热泵系统在我市运行的经济性、环境效益和节能情况进行分析对比,比较出其在我市发展前景及存在的问题,以推动地源热泵系统在我市的应用。     

农业低碳发展投入政策:有效性和创新路径

基于农业低碳发展研究现状和农业低碳投入的迫切性,构建了农业投入低碳效能决定模型,进而立足中国现实国情,比较分析了中国农业环境政策的低碳化效能及其条件;从经济效率、成本有效、可操作性、灵活性和可接受性五个方面,探讨了农业投入低碳化政策选择标准;最后围绕构建一体化政策、整合政策工具、健全低碳技术研发与推广政策和建立碳交易市场机制,提出了农业低碳发展的投入政策创新路径。     

对我国低碳产业集群发展现状的述评

低碳产业集群是低碳经济成为世界经济发展大趋势的大背景下提出的的一个新概念。文章先介绍了低碳产业集群概念,认为低碳产业集群是产业集群的一种顺应经济形势和时代变化的创新升级,以低碳理念为导向,发挥集群优势,促进低碳技术与政策的创新推广,实现集群内产业链中各节点企业的低碳化发展。通过实例介绍了我国低碳产业集群的发展现状,在此基础上从政策、技术、集群优势三方面提出了我国未来低碳产业集群发展的对策建议。     

产业集群低碳化发展对策思考

面对我国资源约束趋紧、环境污染严重的严峻形势,发展低碳经济已刻不容缓。产业集群在低碳经济发展过程中起着重要作用。应加速推进我国产业集群低碳化发展步伐,推广及践行低碳理念,形成政府、企业、个人共同参与的发展格局;完善支持产业集群低碳化发展的相关政策体系;推进企业低碳技术自主创新,突破产业集群低碳化发展的技术欠缺和规模瓶颈;拓展融资渠道,为产业集群的低碳化发展提供资金保障。     

我国产业政策的低碳化转型

我国发展低碳经济的实质是实现新的经济发展方式.这就要求我国实现产业政策的低碳化转型,其中包括降低碳排放的狭义转型和提高资源配置和使用效率的广义转型.其基本思路是,以产业组织政策为核心,以低碳产业、低碳技术等的发展为重要条件,通过加强竞争,提高生产效率,实现产业低碳化发展和经济发展方式的根本转变.为此,必须采取包括实施政府职能转变、实现普遍性减税、重点实施产业组织政策、大力实施新型产业政策,以及配套实施综合性产业结构政策等在内的多项措施.     

浅议地源热泵技术的应用

一、地源热泵技术的原理 地源热泵是以地热作为热泵装置的热源或热汇来对建筑进行采暖或制冷的技术。地源热泵通过输入少量的高品位能源（如电能），即可实现低温热源向高温热源的热量转移。在冬季和夏季，分别将地热能作为高温热源和低温热源，在冬季将地热“取”出来用于采暖或热水供应，     

我国低碳外商直接投资引进面临的问题及对策

在低碳经济和经济全球化背景下,引进低碳外商直接投资(FDI)对促进我国低碳经济发展有着重要的意义。本文分析了我国引进低碳FDI的潜力及面临的问题,提出促进我国低碳FDI引进应实现投资自由化和监管的平衡;完善投资制度,保持外国投资与国家发展目标的一致性;创新引资政策;利用产业和社会政策,减少挤出效应;完善相关法律法规体系;加强低碳技术国际合作等对策建议。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Solidified Branding Function: How the Urban Brand Affects a Small Town’s Development? Case Study of Wangqingtuo,Tianjin, China

Chinese small towns are usually developed with single core industry,and the urban brand is the identity of a town that formed with the development of its indust...     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Neurally reconstructing expected utility

While the concept of “expected utility” informs many theories of decision making, little is known about whether and how the human brain might compute this quantity. This article reviews a series of functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) experiments designed to localize brain regions that respond in anticipation of increasing amounts of monetary incentives. These studies collectively suggest that anticipation of increasing monetary gains activates a subcortical region of the ventral striatum in a magnitude-proportional manner. This ventral striatal activation is not evident during anticipation of losses. Actual gain outcomes instead activate a region of the mesial prefrontal cortex. During anticipation of gain, ventral striatal activation is accompanied by feelings characterized by increasing arousal and positive valence. These findings affirm the role of emotion in the anticipation of incentives, and may provide an initial step towards a neural reconstruction of expected utility.