浅析中小企业融资困境的成因及解决对策

在我国深化改革、加快中小企业发展的过程中，影响和制约中小企业发展的问题仍然很多，尤为突出的是融资困难，融资难已经成为制约中小企业发展最大的“瓶颈”。不解决中小企业融资难的问题，中小企业就难以在现在的基础上更快、更好的发展。     

非正规金融与中小企业融资

中小企业融资问题已成为一个世界性的难题,而这一问题在中国表现的尤为强烈,在我国中小企业已经逐步成为促进我国国民经济发展的生力军,融资难成为了中小企业发展的瓶颈。本文主要阐述了非正规金融是解决中小企业融资难的必然途径,最后还对有效引导非正规金融解决中小企业融资难问题提出了建议。     

非正规金融与中小企业融资

中小企业融资问题已成为一个世界性的难题,而这一问题在中国表现的尤为强烈,在我国中小企业已经逐步成为促进我国国民经济发展的生力军,融资难成为了中小企业发展的瓶颈.本文主要阐述了非正规金融是解决中小企业融资难的必然途径,最后还对有效引导非正规金融解决中小企业融资难问题提出了建议     

探求我国中小企业融资难问题的根本解决之道

中小企业在国民经济中占有重要地位，然而，困扰中小企业的融资难问题一直未能得到根本性解决，已成为制约中小企业发展的瓶颈。本从四个方面分析了我国中小企业融资难为原因，并对完善中小企业融资体系，从根本上解决中小企业融资问题的相关措施进行了采讨。     

创新金融服务,破解中小企业融资难——对浙江沿海某市中小企业融资问题的调研与思考

中小企业融资难问题,是长期制约我国中小企业健康、快速发展的瓶颈.面对国际金融危机冲击和国内需求萎缩的内外环境,融资难问题已成为当前我国中小企业谋生存、求发展亟需解决的一个突出问题.近年来,针对中小企业融资难问题,各级政府相继采取了一系列积极有效的措施,为中小企业解决融资困难提供了不少帮助.     

创新金融服务，破解中小企业融资难——对浙江沿海某市中小企业融资问题的调研与思考

中小企业融资难问题，是长期制约我国中小企业健康、快速发展的瓶颈。面对国际金融危机冲击和国内需求萎缩的内外环境，融资难问题已成为当前我国中小企业谋生存、求发展亟需解决的一个突出问题。近年来，针对中小企业融资难问题，各级政府相继采取了一系列积极有效的措施，为中小企业解决融资困难提供了不少帮助。但由于宏观政策偏紧，相对于大部份中小企业来说还不能满足对金融服务的需求。为更全面了解浙江沿海地区中小企业的融资状况，为政策制订提供依据，本人对浙江沿海地区中小企业融资现状进行了调研。     

台湾中小企业融资体制对大陆的启示

中小企业在我国经济社会发展中发挥了重要作用，然而中小企业融资难问题已经成为制约大陆中小企业发展的“瓶颈”。本文重点从中小企业融资政策扶持和非正规金融两个方面，分析台湾中小企业融资体制的成功经验，并以此为鉴，就如何解决大陆中小企业融资难问题提出相应的建议。     

中小企业融资困境分析

融资难问题已经成为我国中小企业发展的最大障碍,一旦这种情况长期存在,势必会对我国中小企业的发展造成不利影响.可见,解决中小企业融资难的问题已成为当期迫切需要解决的问题.本文通过对我国中小企业融资困境进行分析,找出导致中小企业融资过程中出现困难的原因,并就如何突破中小企业融资困境提出了相关建议.     

浅析中小企业融资难的原因及对策

近年来，我国中小企业进入了一个高速发展期，成为我国社会经济发展中最为重要的组成部分。随着中小企业越来越受到国家和社会的重视，其暴露出来的问题也越来越多。融资难问题，被普遍认为是其发展中最大的瓶颈。本课题首先针对目前中小企业融资难的情况进行叙述，然后站在客观的角度对其展开解析，最后提出了解决中小企业融资难的问题的对策。     

关于完善我国中小企业融资服务体系问题的探讨

目前，国家宏观调控政策已取得了初步成效，但同时在经济运行中的一些矛盾和问题也逐渐显现。特别是中小企业受宏观调控政策的影响较大，中小企业融资难的形势更为严峻。为此，特别关注和完善中小企业融资服务体系，加快解决中小企业融资难的问题，就成为摆在我们面前一项亟待解决的问题。本文着重剖析了我国中小企业融资难问题的成因，并就如何完善我国中小企业融资服务体系，加快解决融资难问题提出了对策和建议。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Solidified Branding Function: How the Urban Brand Affects a Small Town’s Development? Case Study of Wangqingtuo,Tianjin, China

Chinese small towns are usually developed with single core industry,and the urban brand is the identity of a town that formed with the development of its indust...     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.     

Neurally reconstructing expected utility

While the concept of “expected utility” informs many theories of decision making, little is known about whether and how the human brain might compute this quantity. This article reviews a series of functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) experiments designed to localize brain regions that respond in anticipation of increasing amounts of monetary incentives. These studies collectively suggest that anticipation of increasing monetary gains activates a subcortical region of the ventral striatum in a magnitude-proportional manner. This ventral striatal activation is not evident during anticipation of losses. Actual gain outcomes instead activate a region of the mesial prefrontal cortex. During anticipation of gain, ventral striatal activation is accompanied by feelings characterized by increasing arousal and positive valence. These findings affirm the role of emotion in the anticipation of incentives, and may provide an initial step towards a neural reconstruction of expected utility.