民族地区旅游业发展的利益相关者利益冲突分析研究

本文以民族地区旅游业发展为例,重点研究民族地区旅游业利益相关者行为,并对各利益相关主体者利益冲突及其关系协调机制探讨,以期促进民族地区旅游产业的可持续发展。     

区域旅游投资中的制度和机制创新

在中国旅游发展史上,区域旅游的概念大体是始于上个世纪80年代的上海,当时为了借鉴国外经验和市场意识启蒙,提出区域旅游这个概念。制度与机制的变迁是一种创新的过程。区域旅游通过制度和机制的双创新,引导、鼓励投资进入旅游业。本文主要围绕区域旅游投资制度和机制进行解析。     

张家界旅游产业发展与小城镇建设耦合发展研究

张家界旅游通过聚集机制——旅游资源禀赋及特色、政策驱动、产业结构升级、城市旅游基础设施和扩散机制——城市生产要素外溢和相对落后产业外迁,推动小城镇建设发展;同时,小城镇建设通过产品创新力、设施支持力、消费驱动力和形象引导力来促进张家界城市旅游效率的提升,从而促进张家界旅游业的发展。研究发现张家界旅游和小城镇建设是相互促进相互推动的关系,并提出张家界市耦合发展对策：要深化制度创新,以制度创新促进城镇建设发展;增加要素投入规模,以完善的城镇综合服务促进旅游业发展;积极推进旅游信息化建设,通过旅游业推动城镇建设发展;加强政府主导,促进张家界市城镇化和旅游业协调发展。     

区域旅游协调发展中存在的问题及对策

旅游业是一项涉及多项利益主体的高度整合的社会、经济产业,由于各利益主体追求利益最大化的实现,使得区域旅游业的发展不能自动协调,但在旅游业快速发展的今天,协调发展已成为各区域旅游业必须解决的问题.应在探讨区域旅游非协调发展的现状及原因的基础上,看到区域旅游协调发展的本质是利益协调,并将其贯彻于政府、企业、市场机制、协调机制等方面来加以实现.     

新型工业化时期旅游产业定位与管理创新研究 ——以青岛市崂山区为例

新型工业化要求现代旅游业与其实现互动发展,创新旅游产品以满足人们不断增长和变化的消费需求;发挥旅游产业综合效益,促进旅游业与现代服务业的融合;进行行业制度创新,为现代旅游业的发展提供良好的制度环境。本文以青岛市崂山区为例,根据新型工业化对旅游业发展的新要求,将旅游产业定位于我国北方地区国际化、现代化会展旅游休闲度假中心,并围绕产品创新、产业融合和制度创新,提出了相应的对策及建议。     

创新型国家建设过程中政府的制度供给与维度

建设创新型国家是我国政府做出的重要战略决策.在国家自主创新体系中,企业是技术创新主体.企业自主创新活动进展如何,不仅取决于创新主体的能力和水平,而且取决于创新活动中政府制度供给是否到位.鉴于目前存在的一些体制障碍,要进一步深化科研体制和科技行政管理体制的改革,在将应用型的科研机构转化为企业这一改革基础上,根据行业技术经济特征和产业组织特点,分类重组科研机构并且健全科技资源社会共享机制;建立推动我国技术创新的投资制度,实行科技投入资本化运营;强化和完善知识产权保护制度和建立政府和各创新主体的沟通和协调机制.由于政府行为的"诺斯悖论",有必要界定政府的参与维度.     

三种制度创新主体的比较及西部制度创新主体定位

制度创新主体可以分为三种,即宏观主体、中观主体以及微观主体。通过对不同制度创新主体进行比较分析,各种制度创新主体在制度创新时各有利弊,在不同经济发展阶段,制度创新的第一主体应有所不同。在西部经济发展不同阶段及不同资源配置方式下,制度创新主体的角色定位不同,在启动期,宏观主体应作为制度创新的第一主体;在开发期,中观主体应作为制度创新的第一主体;在发展期,微观主体应作为制度创新的第一主体。现阶段,西部地方政府作为制度创新的第一主体最具有比较优势。     

论企业持续创新过程的制度创新与制度环境

制度创新是企业持续创新的重要组成部分,它为企业持续创新提供激励,动力和效率,本文探讨企业持续创新过程中制度的意义及功能,内在机制,主体和作用方式,最后讨论企业持续创新的制度环境。     

股票市场演化机制与中国股票市场演化指引

股票市场参与主体的利益追求是股票市场演化的原动力,竞争压力引发股票市场参与主体的适应性学习,技术和制度的适应性创新是股票市场演化的主动力,参与主体之间的动态博弈实现对创新技术与制度的选择,技术与制度的协同演化触发股票市场演化的结构—功能—效率的传动,五大机制逻辑展开,循环嵌套,共同维系股票市场的演化发展.改革发行制度,规范上市公司行为,可为投资者提供价值投资选择对象;构建学习环境,加强投资者教育,可落实投资者角色功能;完善创新选择机制,促进技术与制度适应性变迁,可夯实股票市场演化的主动力.三者奠定中国股票市场拉马克演化的基础.     

国防科技工业自主创新执行主体的连接机制研究

首先,对国防科技工业自主创新执行主体的基本构成及其相应的功能进行分析,明确国防工业企业作为自主创新的主体地位,其主体性主要表现为企业是自主创新的决策主体、研发主体和应用主体,而国防科研院所和高校处于辅助性地位;其次,对各创新主体的内在连接机制进行分析,明确各创新执行主体通过技术连接,构成了产学研有机结合的国防科技自主创新执行主体体系。     

我国房地产税制的现状及改革构想

房地产税制是维护房地产市场公平竞争，实现国家对房地产业宏观调控的有力杠杆。然而，我国现行的房地产税制却存在税费不分、税制不统一、税制结构不合理等诸多问题。严重影响了其对房地产业应有的宏观调控作用。因此，适时地推进房地产税制的改革应是当务之急，应统一内外税制，合理界定税费的范围，建立统一、规范、合理的房地产税收体系。     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988–2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988–1990 period and the 1991–2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988-2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988-1990 period and the 1991- 2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

Payment Systems in Countries in Transition

MOCT-MOST: Economic Policy in Transitional Economies -     

Inequalities in Income Distribution in Slovenia

This article presents an empirical analysis of income distribution based on income tax data for Slovenia in 1991-2000. It presents evidence of rising inequalities in income distribution (gross income, gross wages and pensions). These results are supported by coefficients of variation, Gini coefficients and by the Lorenz curves. Inequalities increased rapidly in the 1991 to 1993 period. After a significant decrease in 1994 and a steady increase from 1995 to 2000, the peak value from 1993 was not surpassed. Atkinson's requirements for dominance comparisons are not violated. Inequalities are also present in the distribution of the benefits of economic growth among income groups.     

上海生态农业发展影响因素研究

文章分析了上海生态农业发展的影响因素,并利用计量模型进行检验,认为影响上海生态农业发展的主要因素有农业基础设施、农业劳动力资源、农业产业化水平、农业科技实力状况。     

Age Discrimination in Employment in Canada

Issues pertaining to age discrimination in employment in Canada are analyzed with a view toward highlighting lessons that may be learned from the Canadian experience—an experience that is taking on increased policy importance. Reasons for the increased attention to age discrimination issues are outlined, followed by a portrayal of the age discrimination legislation and court interpretations in Canada, especially as they pertain to mandatory retirement. Enforcement aspects are discussed, as is the evidence on age discrimination in employment and the effectiveness of legislation with respect to age discrimination and mandatory retirement. The article concludes with a discussion of the lessons to be learned from the Canadian experience, especially with respect to the poorly understood but complicated relationship between age discrimination and mandatory retirement. Policy recommendations for strengthening age discrimination legislation are also outlined. (JEL J14 , J24 , J71 )     

西部地区人力资本投资与知识化发展

人力资本投资在推动知识化发展的过程中存在自增强机制，通过促进人力资本保值增值，进行人力资源合理配置，改善配置环境和配置政策、完善配套措施，有助于充分发挥这一机制的功能，从而实现西部地区知识化发展。