新能源汽车产业市场分析

近年来,我国新能源电动汽车产业高速发展,其整车市场需求规模巨大,发展潜力较高。本文主要运用SCP范式,从产业市场结构、市场行为和市场绩效三个方面对我国新能源汽车行业市场现状进行分析。研究认为：我国新能源电动汽车行业虽然市场规模巨大,但仍然存在着部分行业技术集中化程度过高、产品布局差异化不明显、市场绩效偏低、监管不到位等现象,这极大地制约整个行业的良性发展。为此,有关部门应适度监管,平台应主打差异化服务,积极承担社会责任。     

基于SCP范式的中国乳业市场绩效的实证分析

基于SCP范式的理论对我国乳业市场结构和市场行为的各项指标以及对市场绩效的影响进行实证分析,发现市场结构作用于市场行为并最终影响市场绩效,为企业在调整市场结构以提高市场绩效方面提供可借鉴的理论和政策建议。研究结果表明:①我国乳业行业规模经济效益越来越显著,行业进入壁垒提高,市场结构逐渐向中高度寡占型转变;②我国乳业的市场绩效与市场集中度、行业规模之间的相关关系通过显著性检验;③乳制品行业内各乳企之间的产品差异化不明显,技术程度有待加强。     

中国蔬菜出口中的问题及策略

2004年，中国蔬菜出口稳定增长，对平衡农产品进出口发挥了重要作用。但是，中国蔬菜出口仍然存在着质量安全、加工水平落后、缺乏品牌产品、企业规模小、无序竞争、出口战略不当、出口市场狭窄、行业组织发展滞后等一系列问题。今后，中国必须针对问题所在，建立质量安全体系，积极应对技术性贸易壁垒；大力发展深加工产品，培育出口品牌；支持培育一批重点蔬菜出口企业；加快行业组织建设；立足亚洲，重点开拓欧美市场。     

浙江茶叶产业国际竞争力分析

阐述了浙江茶业发展概况和主要特点，从生产要素、茶类结构、国内外市场、相关支持产业、国际贸易政策变化、茶叶产品特征、茶叶经营管理体制等7方面分析了浙江茶叶产业的国际竞争力。     

优化产业组织结构的效应及对策

加大结构调整力度是1997年全国经济工作的重要任务之一。当前，经济发展中的结构性矛盾表现在诸多方面，如产业结构、产品结构、布局结构、投资结构。市场结构等。加大结构调整力度，应选准突破口，抓住中心环节，以取得“牵一发而动全身”的效应。笔者认为。当前经济结构性矛盾的诸多方面都与产业组织结构的不合理密切相关。优化产论导织可以有效地推动经济结构的调整。一、目前产业组织结构存在的主要问题目前，我国及上海在产业组织方面存在的问题主要体现在两个方面，即规模经济差、产业集中度低；企业的专业化程度低，“大而全、小而全…     

洛阳市纺织业竞争战略选择研究

企业之间的竞争关系构成了市场结构,而不同的市场结构中,不同的市场行为导致不同的竞争后果。洛阳纺织行业普遍以降低产品批发价格和销售价格来扩大市场份额。面对"价格战",行业企业可采用选择成本战略、差异化战略和位次战略。总体看,企业采用的成本战略缺乏效率,而差异化战略和位次战略比较成功。     

世界主要茶叶生产国市场运行组织模式比较及借鉴

我国经济社会中专业从事茶叶生产,加工和贸易的市场主体十分清晰,且具规模,因此茶业可作为一个相对完整的产业进行研究。茶叶曾是我国出口创汇的主要农产品,目前对我国南方一些山区而言,茶叶生产仍有十分重要的意义。从历史上来看,我国茶叶出口主要依赖于资源禀赋的优势,今后茶产业的竞争力必然落实在产业组织载体上。产业组织制度或产业运行的组织模式影响着产业运行绩效,进而影响其竞争能力。本文将对世界主要茶叶生产国市场组织运行特点进行比较分析,得出一般性结构,并试图针对我国茶产业组织结构现状,提出组织模式优化的途径,旨在提高我国茶产业竞争优势的可持续发展能力。     

我国信托业市场结构浅析

我国信托业经过25年摸索发展,形成了具有一定特点的市场结构。本文从市场集中度、产品差异化、进入退出壁垒三个角度对我国信托业市场结构进行分析,并提出建议。     

新产品市场导入策略

新产品的市场导入期应该注意哪些主要策略?笔者认为关键要把握好四项策略:首先要形成差异化的优势;其二要有一个较系统的上市计划;其三要做好试点市场;其四要集中资源优势,建立根据地。■差异性策略差异性策略主要有产品差异化、渠道差异化、促销方法差异化等。产品差异化主要体现在:产品的口感、生产工艺、产品包装、产品市场定位及消费者群体的选择上。渠道差异化主要体现在:不同的通路设计、不同的通路政策、不同的渠道运作手法。从竞争对手和市场空缺中寻找机会,从产品差异化、卖点诉求差异化、通路渠道差异化、价格策略差异化、促销手…     

我国中药材加工产业市场结构分析

通过对我国中药材加工产业的市场集中度、产品差异化和进入壁垒等方面的分析,进而得出以下结论:我国中药材加工产业组织处于发展的初期;由于中药资源的区域性,大多数中药加工业具有区域性特征,产业规模偏小,规模不经济;中药加工业呈现出垄断与过度分散竞争并存的格局;中药属于知识密集产业,进入壁垒趋高。     

Price transmission between products at different stages of manufacturing in forest industries

The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.     

The Effect of the Structural Adjustment Program on the Output,Prices and Exports of Major Agricultural Export Crops in Nigeria

The primary objective of this paper is to examine changes in the level of output, prices and exports of major export crops resulting from the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in Nigeria. THere two main sources of data: the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) through its annual reports, Economic and Financial Review, and the Nigerian Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) through its Trade Summaries. Although the SAP led to appreciable increases in output and producer prices, its effects on exports were insignificant. The implications of these for the implementation of the program are explored.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

土地学科的建设和发展——"土地学科发展规划研讨会"综述

中国土地科学学科发展已取得很大成就,表现为专业教育和人才培养成绩突出、初步形成学科体系、取得大批研究成果.而存在的问题主要是基础理论研究欠缺、独特的土地科学研究方法体系尚未形成、研究角度单一、学术交流质量不高和学科带头人的影响力不足.土地科学学科发展目前面临着巨大的机遇和挑战,应明确土地科学学科发展的基本思路、发展目标及2010-2020年的主要建设任务和保障措施.     

In Vino ‘No’ Veritas: impacts of fraud on wine imports in China

China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.     

Revealing different understandings of soil held by scientists and farmers in the context of soil protection and management

This paper aims to analyse and draw together results from similar studies in England, Switzerland and France which investigated farmers’ understanding of soil and compared it with that of scientists, researchers and advisors (collectively called scientists in this analysis). A range of methods were used across the three studies and different theoretical approaches, looking at forms of knowledge, local practice of knowledge production and conceptions of reality, were employed to explain the results. Despite the different contexts, methodologies and theoretical approaches in the three studies, the results reveal similar patterns of difference in farmer and scientist understanding of soil. In the English study, farmers demonstrate a ‘know-how’ form or intuitive working knowledge of soil while advisors rely on scientifically established forms of ‘know-why’ and seek to understand and explain soil processes. Similarly in the Swiss study farmers’ and scientists’ differing perceptions are directed and shaped by their respective aims, methods and context of work. In the French study, farmers and researchers are shown to have different conceptions of soil, they attribute different meaning to the same activities, and use different words and language to describe the same features. In all three studies understanding is shown to be cultural and contextual, as such an integrative theoretical framework is proposed.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

Evaluating Alternative Policy Responses to Higher World Food Prices: The Case of Increasing Rice Prices in Madagascar

Higher world food prices have led many developing countries to adopt policies to mitigate the impact on low-income households. This article sets out a partial equilibrium framework to evaluate the efficiency, distributional, and revenue implications of alternative policy responses. The model is applied to evaluate tariff reductions and targeted transfers in Madagascar. Although lowering tariffs generates substantial efficiency gains, these accrue mainly to the top half of the welfare distribution, and poor net sellers are actually worse off. Developing a system of targeted direct transfers to poor households is likely to be a substantially more cost-effective approach to poverty alleviation.     

森林生物多样性评价模型的改进

针对2002年的评价模型中的不足,提出了新的改进后的森林生物多样性变化的评价模型,并在我国第六次森林资源清查(1999～2003)资料的基础上,对1973～2003年我国森林生物多样性的变化进行了补充评价。评价结果表明:我国森林生物多样性的压力越来越大,压力指数由1973年的100,上升到2003年的199.10,上升了1.99倍;森林物种多样性总体的下降趋势已有一定幅度的改变,森林物种多样性指数增加了31.12%。森林生态系统多样性和森林生物多样性先逐渐上升,尔后又下降,第六次森林资源清查时又有所恢复,并分别上升了4.67个百分点和17.90个百分点。     

转变地质工作发展与服务方式的实践和建议

天津市地矿局注重加快转变经济发展方式,发挥地质工作优势,推进低碳清洁能源的开发利用创新和技术进步,紧紧依托地质工作的人才、技术和行业优势,加大清洁环保资源的勘查、研究、开发、利用。针对天津市水资源缺乏的情况,积极加强后备和应紧水源勘查。按照“两种资源,两个市场”的思路,通过实施中外合作勘查项目,以境外勘查工作为载体和平台,实施引进来和走出去战略,为天津市经济社会发展提供地质技术支撑。