多种单位根检验法的比较研究

本文基于单位根检验基本原理,比较了5种单位根检验的方法,说明在小样本情况下,为提高检验功效,应针对数据生成过程的特点联合多种检验法进行检验。如果检验变量为非平稳,则需要进行进一步的结构突变检验,本文主张选用结构突变点内生的Perron检验法与外生检验法相结合来判断变量的平稳性。     

带结构突变的确定趋势的单位根检验方法——兼对中国工农业产品比价的实证分析

存在未知结构突变点的DGP关于结构突变的信息是不完全的,理论上不可能得到媲美标准ADF检验或Perron检验的统计特性,且Perron检验比标准ADF检验更适合于作为其单位根统计量的极限分布。本文以Perron(2009)方法为基础,结合minSSR和FGLS详细讨论结构突变的单位根检验的三个步骤,澄清了很多模糊的认识。以我国工农业产品比价和工农业产品价格指数为例,本文的实证研究发现,中国工农业利益分配格局的重大改变是由国际经济事件造成的冲击引起的。     

考虑结构突变时确定性趋势的估计与单位根检验式的选择——基于可行广义最小二乘估计的分析

单位根的检验功效依赖于回归检验式中的确定性趋势,而趋势估计量的分布又取决于序列的平稳性,两者相互制约。鉴于此,本文借鉴了Perron和Yabu(2009)提出的可行广义最小二乘估计,推导了相关统计量的分布,在考虑结构突变的情况下,构造了一套确定性趋势的估计和推断程序,并通过蒙特卡罗模拟对该程序的有限样本性质进行了分析。结论显示,大多数情形下根据该程序进行的单位根检验具有较高功效。     

结构突变时间序列单位根的"伪检验"

利用蒙特卡罗分析方法,本文对含一个结构变化点的经济变量单位根检验的有效性进行了探讨。分析的结果表明,当经济变量的数据生成过程存在一个结构性突变时,不考虑这种变化而进行常规的单位根检验只有在特定条件下才不会“失效”:只有当突变前后两期的样本数相差极大,或者选取的样本期总数很小时,单位根检验才不会“失效”。并且,随着结构变化程度的增大,不考虑结构变化而进行常规单位根检验得出“伪检验”的可能性也会增大。     

含结构突变的趋势平稳过程的虚假单位根研究

本文发现Perron（1989）在趋势突变情形下的结论“统计量的极限分布会随着突变点位置参数的变化收敛在0到1/2之间”值得商榷,原因在于模型设定中出现了错误,导致在结构突变的趋势平稳过程的数据生成过程下,统计量的极限分布在截距突变的情况下发散而在斜率突变的情况下退化。本文对其进行修正并补充推导了三种含结构突变的趋势平稳过程的单位根检验统计量的分布,并给出能够证实和证伪的蒙特卡洛模拟结果。     

购买力平价与金融危机基于结构突变下的面板单位根检验

本文采用外生结构突变下面板数据单位根检验方法和传统的检验方法，比较研究了东南亚七国或地区的实际汇率受金融危机冲击的影响，发现东南亚七国或地区的实际汇率是带有结构突变的退势平稳过程，外生结构突变条件下的面板单位根检验结果支持购买力平价理论，实际汇率对购买力平价的背离是短期的：但在不考虑结构突变的情况下，却得出不同的结论，而蒙特卡洛模拟实验表明前者更为可信。     

带有结构突变的单位根检验 ——文献综述

单位根检验是时间序列分析的基础，而是否考虑结构突变对单位根检验的结论有着重要影响，因此，考虑结构突变的单位根检验已成为计量经济学界的一个前沿热点问题。本文回顾了这一问题的发展历史，总结了该领域已取得的一些重要研究成果，最后对该问题最新的发展动向加以概括。     

带有结构突变的单位根检验——文献综述

单位根检验是时间序列分析的基础,而是否考虑结构突变对单位根检验的结论有着重要影响,因此,考虑结构突变的单位根检验已成为计量经济学界的一个前沿热点问题。本文回顾了这一问题的发展历史,总结了该领域已取得的一些重要研究成果,最后对该问题最新的发展动向加以概括。     

人民币汇率购买力平价问题的重新研究——基于结构突变检验与变结构协整的视角

本文应用LM结构突变检验以及Gregory-Hansen等变结构协整方法,对人民币汇率购买力平价问题进行了重新研究。研究发现样本期内人民币汇率发生了两次结构突变,第一次发生在2005年7月,第二次发生在2006年12月。LM检验显示,发生了结构突变的汇率数据生成过程仍为单位根过程,意味着某些经济冲击确实对数据生成过程(DGP)产生了实质影响。进一步对比研究发现,在未考虑结构突变情况下,样本期内购买力平价不成立;但在考虑结构突变情况下,两种变结构协整方法都支持购买力平价成立。     

单位根检验统计量MGLS的有限样本性质与应用

Ng—Perron单位根检验是值得在实际分析中广泛应用的检验方法。本文在详述M^GLS统计量的构造方法基础上，应用蒙特卡罗模拟试验分析了该统计量的有限样本分布特征，并拟合了常用显著性水平下临界值关于样本容量的响应面函数；此外，针对实际应用中检验回归式中差分变量滞后阶数的确定，本文总结了几种常用的方法，从而完善了依据M^GLS统计量进行单位根检验的程序和步骤。     

Spurious Rejections by Perron Tests in the Presence of a Break

In this paper, we concentrate on the case of an exogeneously chosen break date, but entertain the possibility that an incorrect choice is made. In fact, the Perron test statistics considered are invariant to any break in the generating process at the assumed break date. Our results therefore apply equally to the case of a generating process with two breaks, only one of which is specifically accounted for in the analysis. As in Leybourne et al . (1998), we find that a neglected relatively early break can lead to spurious rejections of the unit root null hypothesis. Moreover, for all but one of the tests analyzed, spurious rejections now also arise if a true break occurs relatively soon after the assumed break date.     

Testing for Unit Roots with Breaks: Evidence on the Great Crash and the Unit Root Hypothesis Reconsidered

Nelson and Plosser (1982), in a classic paper, failed to find strong evidence against the null hypothesis of a generating process with a unit autoregressive root for thirteen US macroeconomic time series. Perron (1989) claimed that such evidence was available for a majority of these series if the alternative hypothesis was of trend stationarity with a break in 1929. Zivot and Andrews (1992) treated the break date as endogenous, then finding strong evidence agcainst the null for a minority of these series. Our own analysis extends theirs by permitting a break under the null as well as the alternative hypothesis, and allowing for the sequential nature of the testing. Our empirical findings complete the circle. We find no strong evidence against the unit root hypothesis for any of the thirteen Nelson–Plosser series.     

Unit root tests allowing for a break in the trend function at an unknown time under both the null and alternative hypotheses

Perron [Perron, P., 1989. The great crash, the oil price shock and the unit root hypothesis. Econometrica 57, 1361–1401] introduced a variety of unit root tests that are valid when a break in the trend function of a time series is present. The motivation was to devise testing procedures that were invariant to the magnitude of the shift in level and/or slope. In particular, if a change is present it is allowed under both the null and alternative hypotheses. This analysis was carried under the assumption of a known break date. The subsequent literature aimed to devise testing procedures valid in the case of an unknown break date. However, in doing so, most of the literature and, in particular the commonly used test of Zivot and Andrews [Zivot, E., Andrews, D.W.K., 1992. Further evidence on the great crash, the oil price shock and the unit root hypothesis. Journal of Business and Economic Statistics 10, 251–270], assumed that if a break occurs, it does so only under the alternative hypothesis of stationarity. This is undesirable since (a) it imposes an asymmetric treatment when allowing for a break, so that the test may reject when the noise is integrated but the trend is changing; (b) if a break is present, this information is not exploited to improve the power of the test. In this paper, we propose a testing procedure that addresses both issues. It allows a break under both the null and alternative hypotheses and, when a break is present, the limit distribution of the test is the same as in the case of a known break date, thereby allowing increased power while maintaining the correct size. Simulation experiments confirm that our procedure offers an improvement over commonly used methods in small samples.     

Unit Root Testing under a Local Break in Trend using Partial Information on the Break Date*

We consider unit root testing allowing for a break in trend when partial information is available regarding the location of the break date. This takes the form of knowledge of a relatively narrow window of data within which the break takes place, should it occur at all. For such circumstances, we suggest employing a union of rejections strategy, which combines a unit root test that allows for a trend break somewhere within the window with a unit root test that makes no allowance for a trend break. Asymptotic and finite sample evidence shows that our suggested strategy works well, provided that, when a break does occur, the partial information is correct. An empirical application to UK interest rate data containing the 1973 ‘oil shock’ is also considered.     

Testing Integration of Macroeconomic Time Series in Transitional Socialist Economies. A Modification of Perron Test

The presence of structural breaks reduces the power of integration tests. A number of methods were suggested to improve the statistical properties of integration tests in the presence of structural breaks. The most known are Perron tests, which allow to test for the level of integration of time series with one structural break. Perron tests allow for two types of structural breaks: additive outlier an innovative outlier. These tests are, however, not very useful in testing the level of integration of macroeconomic time series in countries in transition from centrally-planned to market economy. In such case one should expect two structural breaks to affect the time series: one at the beginning and one at the end of the transformation process. Test that allows for two additive outlier type structural breaks in time series is developed in this paper. This test has superior power as compared to standard Dickey-Fuller and Perron tests. This paper provides asymptotic distribution as well as finite sample properties of proposed test. Therefore practitioners receive a reliable tool for analyzing macroeconomic processes in transitional economies. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.