提高农民增收的有效途径探索——以甘肃省为例

农民增收闸题既关系到国民经济持续发展和社会安定,也是社会主义新农村建设及和谐社会构建的关键所在。近几年,农民收入结构发生了重大转变,工资性收入逐渐取代家庭经营性收入,成为农民收入增长的新源泉。在运用灰色关联度分析方法对影响农民工资性收入的因素进行关联度分析的基础上得到农村劳动力素质、城镇化水平以及农村剩余劳动力的转移水平对农民的工资性收入增加有着重要的影响,因此,提高农民的教育水平、积极推进城市化进程、加快发展乡镇企业和非农产业,促进农村剩余劳动力的转秽等措施逐渐成为增加农民收入的关键。     

提高农民工资性收入的有效途径探索——以甘肃省为例

农民增收问题既关系到国民经济持续发展和社会安定,也是社会主义新农村建设及和谐社会构建的关键所在。近几年,农民收入结构发生了重大转变,工资性收入逐渐取代家庭经营性收入,成为农民收入增长的新源泉。在运用灰色关联度分析方法对影响农民工资性收入的因素进行关联度分析的基础上,发现农村劳动力素质、城镇化水平以及农村剩余劳动力的转移水平对农民的工资性收入增加有着重要的影响,因此,提高农民的教育水平、积极推进城市化进程、加快发展乡镇企业和非农产业,促进农村剩余劳动力的转移等措施逐渐成为增加农民收入的关键。     

农民收入水平的决定及增加农民收入的有效途径

提高农民收入的关键在于减少农民数量、加速劳动力向城市的转移。在农村存在剩余劳动力的情况下,无法通过提高农业生产率来提高农业收入。根据理论上的分析与世界各国的经验,农村劳动力向城市转移的速度与城市化水平决定了农民收入的增长水平。     

福建全面建设小康社会进程中农村剩余劳动力转移的思考

福建省目前城市化水平不高，很多人口居住在农村，农村剩余劳动力的转移问题成为福建全而建设小康社会的一个重要方面。农村剩余劳动力转移足指农村劳动力以增加收入、获得更好的职业和文明生活环境为目的，以地区之间、城乡之间和产业之间的收入差距为杠杆，随着产业结构、城乡结构、就业结构和收入结构的变迁而向非农部门配置劳动力资源的过程。     

职业教育促进河南农村剩余劳动力转移研究

农村剩余劳动力由第一产业向二、三产业转移是解决“三农”问题的核心,是全面建设小康社会和构建和谐社会绕不开的关键环节。通过发展职业教育可以提高河南农村剩余劳动力的素质,进而使其有序、稳定、高层次转移到城市从事非农产业,增加农民收入,缩小城乡差别,有利于城乡一体化建设。首先对职业教育农村剩余劳动力等概念的界定,进一步分析加强郑州市农村剩余劳动力转移成为急待解决的问题,其次深入分析郑州市农村职业教育促进农村劳动力转移的现状,并进一步提出发展职业教育促进郑州市农村剩余劳动力转移的对策。     

对我国农村劳动力转移影响因素的实证分析

城乡居民的收入差距水平是农村劳动力向城市转移的根本原因,当今大量农民工进城务工的现象,既能提高农民家庭的收入,又能加速城市化的进程,使得农村和城市均得到良性发展。而要实现农村劳动力向城市的合理流动,必须提供为农村剩余劳动力转移的制度保障。     

增加农民收入与乡镇政府改革

农民收入来源于农业收入，在城市部门的就业收入和农村非农产业就业收入，增加农民收入的可能途径是：通过财政支农发展农业，促进农业剩余劳动力向城市转移和发展农村非农产业。本文认为，通过财政支农发展农业和促进农业剩余劳动力向城市转移在增加农民收入方面的效果有限，发展农村非农产业才是增加农民收入的主要途径，为此必须大刀阔斧地改革乡镇政府。     

风险、不确定性与社会资本对促进农民工迁移的重要作用

农村劳动力迁移是指农业剩余劳动力向非农产业、农村剩余劳动力向城市及城镇的转移过程,涉及到产业与空间的双重转移。农业劳动力向非农产业转移是工业化过程的基本内容,农村劳动力向城市、城镇转移是城市化的主要特征,而工业化与城市化本身是相互联系、相互影响,是经济发展与结构变革同一过程的两个方面。劳动力转移的规模与速度,取决于农村地区发展的层次、农民劳动力的人力资本、城乡社会制度的衔接、工业化、城市化的发展等等。     

浅谈农村劳动力的就业培训

构建和谐的社会主义新农村,必须提高农民收入水平,没有农民的充分就业就没有农民收入的大幅增长,所以促进农村剩余劳动力的持续转移将是构建和谐社会的重要方面.建立农村劳动力就业培训的长效机制,不断提高农村劳动力培训的质量和水平,从而促进农村剩余劳动力的转移,是彻底解决"三农"问题,构建社会主义新农村的关键.     

农村剩余劳动力转移能力与城市化

城市化进程在一定程度上由农村劳动力转移的速度和规模、农村剩余劳动力转移能力影响等因素制约。促进农村劳动力转移是我国实现农业和农村经济发展、不断增加农民收入的重要途径,转移能力的增强能够拓展农村劳动力的转移空间,提升农村劳动力的转移动力,提高农村剩余劳动力的提供,很大程度克服了农村剩余劳动力转移的阻力,增加农村剩余劳动力转移的稳定程度。所以,农村剩余劳动力＂转移能力＂是决定城市化进程快慢与否的主要要素。     

企业诚信意识与思想政治工作调研及对策思考

在对福建省企业诚信意识与思想政治工作调研的基础上,提出构建可操作的“三层次四模块”诚信意识培育新模式,推进人本化管理理念的渗透,加强人文关怀和心理疏导,以实现思想政治工作诚信意识培育的目标。     

中国经济的内外均衡与财税改革

我国经常项目持续的大规模顺差,给国民经济的健康发展带来一系列的不利影响。在前人研究的基础上,通过对各种影响因素进行分类拆解,本文试图从理论和实证角度说明长期的储蓄-消费失衡是造成我国贸易顺差的一个重要原因,而其背后的根本原因是由于企业可支配收入相对于劳动者报酬不断提高带来的收入结构和储蓄结构失衡。我国当前企业未分配收入大幅增长的原因可以归结为企业利润率"虚高"和国企"不分红"问题。只有从体制上解决这个问题,才能使储蓄降低到适当的水平,通过拉动内需消除我国过大的贸易顺差,从根本上解决内外经济比例失衡问题。     

美国、日本产业政策:比较分析与启示

现阶段,在吸取美国、日本经验的基础上,我国产业结构调整应主要依靠市场机制进行调节,同时辅之以宏观政策,尽快使我国的产业结构优化,即产业结构的合理化、高级化。     

Homogeneity and Heterogeneity Within and Across Boundaries and Shorelines: Ensemble of Darwin's Finches and Human Transaction Types

Synopsis: In the most famous example of the biological process of adaptive radiation, two forces explain the fourteen distinct species of Darwin's finches on the Galápagos and Cocos Islands: First, populations adapt to their respective distinct ecological environments. Second, previously separated populations come in contact and may adapt to mitigate inter-species competition. The result is a complex pattern of homogeneity and heterogeneity among the birds, both on a single island and across islands. This pattern reflects the finches' adaptations both to the distinct ecological conditions created by the visible shorelines that separate the islands' niches and to the finches' own less-visible cultural and societal shorelines. The New Institutional Economics highlights the fact that human institutional infrastructures also exhibit complex homogeneities and heterogeneities, as we adapt those infrastructures to accomplish the tasks at hand in distinct geographic and societal contexts. Mixes of both state enforcement and self-enforcement, through inter-temporal, inter-issue, and inter-actor linkages, provide support and enforcement for transactions; and those mixes differ across transactions and across states. When transactions occur across state or cultural shorelines, institutional infrastructures must be flexible enough to accommodate those differences, without allowing the differences to become disguised protectionism or barriers to competition. These issues contribute to many of the regulatory disputes associated with ‘globalization’. We briefly consider two concrete recent examples: (1) the European Union–United States ‘Safe Harbor’ Agreement that regulates firms' policies toward Internet-data privacy; and (2) international trade policy negotiations over regulation of ‘geographical indications’ (for example, Champagne or Roquefort) as means of assuring product quality for processed foods. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Sen and Commons on Markets and Freedom

Amartya Sen's enlarged conception of freedom has augmented the scope of economic analysis but it also has had the surprising effect of being more supportive of the free market than conventional welfare economics. It is argued here that a comparison of Sen's position with that of the American institutionalist, J R Commons, highlights some problems with Sen's approach and points to possible ways in which they might be addressed.     

Automation and inequality with taxes and transfers

Declines in low-skill labour shares are reviewed, and a stylised model is constructed to examine their determinants and future implications. A retrospective analysis of US shocks suggests that technological change has contributed more to raising income inequality and the wealth to GDP ratio than other changes. An anticipated future twist away from low-skill labour toward the capital, combined with population growth, risks high unemployment rates. Productivity growth at twice the pace since 1990 limits this, though inequality persists. Analysis shows that a generalisation of the US ‘earned income tax credit’ system with consumption tax outperforms alternatives of the ‘universal basic income’.     

森林资源规划设计调查总结与反思

森林资源规划设计调查是为国家、地区及森林经营单位制定林业方针政策,编制林业区划、规划、计划,指导林业生产而提供基础资源数据,为实现森林资源合理经营、科学管理、永续利用、持续发展,充分发挥森林生态效益、经济效益、社会效益服务。森林资源调查的任务是全面查清森林资源数量、质量变化及其消长变化状况、规律,进行综合分析和评价,准确提供所需有关森林资源调查成果资料。基于森林资源二类调查的重要性和今后调查工作顺利开展的需要,调查之后的总结与反思尤为重要。     

Human rights and political and economic instability

The purpose of this paper is to use cross country regression analysis on a large set of countries from around the world for the year 2007 to test the hypothesis that greater instability, political or economic leads to reduced levels of human rights. The results of the paper＇s econometric analysis tend to support the hypothesis that increased levels of either political instability or economic instability are detrimental to human rights within countries.     

Classical and Neoclassical harmonies and dissonances

Abstract

Proofs are given that only singularly can real 1750 – 2007 competitive price ratios be ‘natural', in the sense of being invariant under changes in demand tastes. Proofs are given that both 1750 – 1870 discrete technologies or 1890 – 2007 continuum technologies, with convexity properties sufficient for arbitrage-proof supply-demand equilibria, will be ‘intertemporally Pareto optimal', immune to leaving any deadweight (inefficient) losses on the table. Sraffa (1960), ignoring the vast post-1945 linear and non-linear programming mathematical literature of Danzig, Kuhn-Tucker-Bellman, von Neumann, Ramsey literature does not quite arrive at attainable distribution solutions. Where it tolerates increasing or decreasing returns to scale, there can be no competitive equilibria. When its matrix equations do obey first-degree-homogeneous functions, the book's stress on Basics or non-Basics is an irrelevancy leading to bizarre novel interpretations of Ricardo.

Old age overtakes us all. Alas, Sraffs's proposed critique of twentieth century political economy we will never be able to know.