基于生理反馈的城市滨河步道对青年人 压力缓解的研究

现今社会竞争日益激烈，青年人的精神压力不断增 加。现有研究表明，自然环境对人们的身心健康有着积极的影 响，但目前与人们生活密切相关的城市中的自然环境对健康 的促进作用研究较为缺乏。通过采集参与者在2段差异性高的 滨河实景环境中行走的生理信号和眼动数据，探究不同滨河步 道景观下青年人的压力缓解情况和视觉特征。研究结果表明： 1)以SDNN、RMSSD和Lorenz散点图为代表的心率变异性 特征(HRV)在不同区段的滨河步道下呈现明显差异，绿化程 度高的场景对压力的缓解作用更强；2)不同场景下的视线特征 与压力缓解有一定的关联性，行人的视线多偏向于步道滨水侧 开敞度高的空间，经过绿化程度高或有休憩空间的滨河步道场 景时，行人的视线更分散，压力缓解效果更佳。将缓解压力作 为滨河步道的景观功能之一，通过主动干预有针对性地进行滨 河景观类型与植物种植的改造，以期达到更好的滨河步道环境 提升效果。     

高校体育舞蹈教学可持续性发展的研究

体育舞蹈是一项有益于人们身心健康的体育运动,深受青年朋友的喜爱,近年来许多高校开展了体育舞蹈课程,并且在教学实践中取得了很好的教学效果,形成了拓宽学生对外交流、社交礼仪的一项体育项目。     

老年人心理健康影响因素的调查研究--从人格特征与应对方式二因素分析

人格特征和应对方式对老年人心理健康具有重要影响。采用艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)、应对方式问卷和心理健康症状自评量表(SCL-90),对老年人人格特征、应对方式和心理健康作了问卷调查。人格特征对老年人心理健康具有直接的影响作用。外向型性格有利于老年人心理健康,神经质性格不利于老年人心理健康;人格特征还通过应对方式对老年人心理健康具有间接的影响作用。外向型性格老年人常用求助的应对方式,它更有利于心理健康,神经质性格老年人常用自责的应对方式,它更不利于心理健康。     

INEQUALITY IN MORTALITY OVER THE LIFE COURSE: WHY THINGS ARE NOT AS BAD AS YOU THINK

Recent research shows increasing inequality in mortality among middle‐aged and older adults. But this is only part of the story. Inequality in mortality among young people has fallen dramatically in the United States converging to almost Canadian rates. Increases in public health insurance for U.S. children, beginning in the late 1980s, are likely to have contributed. (JEL D63, I18, I38, J1, J3, J18)     

The role of child health and economic status in educational, health, and labour market outcomes in young adulthood

Abstract .  The Ontario Child Health Study provides the first opportunity in Canada to assess directly the relationship between socio-economic and health status in childhood and levels of completed schooling, health status, and labour market success in young adulthood. We find that childhood health problems are negatively associated with educational attainment, especially the probability of a university degree, and the health status of young adults. Our results also imply that childhood health problems influence adult labour force outcomes, especially for males, mainly through adult levels of schooling and health.     

The impact of recent mental health changes on employment: new evidence from longitudinal data

This study uses longitudinal data and four different measures of mental health to tease out the impact of psychiatric disorder onsets and recoveries on employment outcomes. Results suggest that developing a mental health problem leads to a significant increase in the probability of transitioning to non-employment, while a recovery increases the probability of return to work among the not employed with a mental health problem. No consistent effect was found on hours worked and earnings. Research and policy attention is needed with respect to early interventions such as job retention programmes to help workers with mental health problems remain employed as well as interventions that may lead to recovery and return to work. More research is needed especially with data and models that can differentiate between the effects of mental health onsets and recoveries on employment exit and return to work transitions.     

The rise of obesity in Europe: an economic perspective

Obesity in Europe is rising. This paper investigates the economic rationales for public intervention to control obesity. We present new empirical evidence showing that family background is related to obesity among young European adults. This evidence provides a strong basis for intervention on equity grounds, particularly targeted towards children. The case for intervention on efficiency grounds is less clear-cut and in most cases the evidence is relatively weak. We find insufficient evidence that information deficiencies are important, as the majority of Europeans appear to be aware of the bad consequences of obesity on health. We also find that the potential health insurance externality -- non-obese effectively subsidizing obese individuals -- is small. In support of policy intervention, we show that there are product and labour market imperfections. Obese employees earn less than the non-obese. We also find that there is a remarkably high proportion of individuals with self-control problems, who fail to stick to their self-declared weight-related plans. Regulations that affect fast food advertisements and the location and access to fast food vending machines and establishments may help these individuals in controlling their weight.
--- Giorgio Brunello, Pierre-Carl Michaud and Anna Sanz-de-Galdeano     

Environment,public debt,and epidemics

We study whether fiscal policies, especially public debt, can help to curb the macroeconomic and health consequences of epidemics. Our approach is based on three main features: we introduce the dynamics of epidemics in an overlapping generations model to take into account that old people are more vulnerable; people are more easily infected when pollution is high; public spending in health care and public debt can be used to tackle the effects of epidemics. We show that fiscal policies can promote convergence to a stable disease-free steady state. When public policies are not able to permanently eradicate the epidemic, public debt, and income transfers could reduce the number of infected people and increase capital and GDP per capita. As a prerequisite, pollution intensity should not be too high. Finally, we define a household subsidy policy that eliminates income and welfare inequalities between healthy and infected individuals.     

The social economic impact of AIDS: Accounting for intergenerational transmission,productivity and fertility

In this paper we develop a model that aims to investigate the economic and demographic impacts of three effects of the HIV-AIDS epidemic in developing countries. The direct effect of the HIV epidemic is that it increases mortality and morbidity. The two indirect effects, resulting from the first, are the reduction in productivity of adults and the transmission of the disease to their offsprings. We allow these different effects to act either separately or together, and we investigate the marginal efficiency of health expenditures on the survival probability of individuals and demographics. The direct effect of the HIV virus is that it leads adults to increase their own health expenditure and to decrease that of their children. On the contrary, the transmission effect of the HIV virus leads parents to spend more on their children than on their own. We show that the reduction in productivity of young adults decreases health expenditures for themselves and their children. Furthermore, we find that the productivity effect dominates by large the two others. Moreover, when adults decide to have fewer children because of HIV, we show that the ratio of low to high skilled workers increases. This demographic impact impoverishes the economy in the short and medium run.     

Leaving Home: What Economics Has to Say about the Living Arrangements of Young Australians

Like their counterparts elsewhere, more young Australians than ever are delaying the move to establish residential independence from their parents. This paper reviews the developing economics literature surrounding young people's decisions to continue living in their parents' homes in order to begin to assess the causes and consequences of this decision. In particular, co‐residence with parents appears to be an important form of intergenerational support for young adults. It is important to understand the extent to which young people rely on this form of support as they complete their education, enter the labour market and establish themselves as independent adults. Specific attention is paid to the ways in which Australian income support, education and housing policies may influence these patterns.     

森林旅游引入心理保健功能的可行性分析

随着我国经济体制的转型和社会现代化程度的提高,国民心理健康问题也日益突出。当前,我国心理保健事业的发展与人民群众日益增长的心理保健需求之间还存在差距。本文运用多学科的相关理论,分析了我国传统心理保健技术问题、传统森林旅游对身心健康的关注、森林心理保健的物理条件。最后进行森林旅游引入心理保健功能的受众分析,提出了森林旅游引入心理保健的模式,并从改善心理保健技术、开发森林心理保健旅游产品等方面提出可行性建议。     

Fighting Childhood Poverty: How a Universal Child Allowance Would Impact the U.S. Population

Modern developed economies have a material abundance beyond the imagination of people living two centuries ago, yet for many the guaranteed ability to access that material abundance is more tenuous than ever. In the United States, a job loss or an illness can strip the family of all assets faster than a drought could destroy the livelihood of a nineteenth-century farmer. As a reaction to this, many young adults are choosing to delay or forego having children. The largest age demographic in the United States who live in poverty are children. Social Security is politically popular and has been successful at dramatically lowering poverty amongst the elderly. A similar policy could be equally successful for children. This article uses Consumer Expenditure Survey data to explore how a universal child allowance could decrease the number of children living in poverty and help all U.S. families with children.     

Workplace problems,mental health and substance use

Little is known about how workplace problems may influence diagnosable mental health and substance use (MHSU) disorders. We examine the associations between three common workplace problems (experiencing problems with co-workers, job changes and perceived financial strain) and three MHSU disorders (mood, anxiety and substance abuse/dependence). The analysis utilizes longitudinal data on a sample of working-age adults from the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. These data are well suited for our research objective as the survey was specifically designed to study MHSU disorders. Results show that experiencing these workplace problems is associated with an increased risk for mental health disorders, but not substance use disorders. Importantly, various robustness checks and sensitivity analyses demonstrate that our findings cannot be not fully explained by omitted variables, reverse causality or sample attrition.     

‘MENTAL HEALTH AND EMPLOYMENT OF THE ELDERLY IN TAIWAN: A SIMULTANEOUS EQUATION APPROACH

Longer life expectancy and declining birth rates have contributed to an aging population in many countries. This paper addresses the relationship between mental health and employment status among the elderly in Taiwan. A simultaneous equation system is developed that accommodates the discrete and censored nature of the two endogenous variables. Using data from a nationwide survey of the elderly in Taiwan, we find that older adults with mental illness are less likely to work, while those currently working are less prone to mental illness compared to their unemployed cohort.     

Participation in and Completion of Vocational Education and Training for People with a Disability

Improving the educational outcomes of people with a disability is seen as key in helping improve their employment and life prospects. This article uses Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey data and multivariate estimation to examine whether people with a disability face barriers in participating in and completing a vocational education and training qualification, a highly accessible and flexible mode of education. Overall, we find that people with a disability are not disadvantaged in terms of participation, but are disadvantaged in terms of completion, especially those with more limiting conditions and those with mental health issues who have low levels of social support.     

THE EFFECTS OF YOUNG ADULT‐DEPENDENT COVERAGE AND CONTRACEPTION MANDATES ON YOUNG WOMEN

This research investigates two features of the Affordable Care Act that especially affect young adults, the young adult‐dependent coverage (YAD) mandate and the requirement to cover contraception (CM). Both mandates were first enacted at the state level but have been studied only in isolation. We estimate a wide range of models allowing these mandates to have joint effects on insurance coverage, health‐care access, health outcomes and fertility. We provide new evidence that helps settle the mixed findings from past state‐level YAD and CM research and suggests the two mandates may combine to improve the well‐being of young adults. (JEL I18, I12, H75)     

Unexpected windfalls,education, and mental health: evidence from lottery winners in Germany

This paper investigates the causal impact of large unexpected windfalls on individual mental health, physical health, as well as health behaviors. I use a large individual-level panel data set of lottery winners from Germany between the years 2000 and 2011 and observe lottery winners before and after winning a large lottery prize. Mental health declines immediately after winning a large lottery prize for individuals with low education and low levels of financial literacy. While these individuals report being happier after winning the lottery, evidence from commonly used SF-12 measures of mental health indicates that winners with low education experience increased role limitations due to emotional problems, are more anxious, and have less energy after their win. The impact on various measures of mental health is highly robust, statistically significant, economically significant, and persists for up to two years after the win. Unexpected windfalls have no impact on the mental health of individuals with high education or high financial literacy. Winning the lottery has no impact on individuals’ health behaviors such as smoking or alcohol consumption, and it has no impact on doctor visits, hospital stays, or illness-related work absences regardless of education level.     

焦点解决短期咨询：高校辅导员心理教育工作新视角

高校辅导员作为大学生的直接管理者与教育者,应认识到其工作在心理健康教育中的优势,应根据受教育者实际情况,掌握必备的心理教育理论与技能,合理地对大学生开展心理健康教育工作。因此,根据焦点解决短期咨询对于高校辅导员心理教育工作的适用性、焦点解决短期咨询的基本理念,论述了焦点解决短期咨询在高校心理教育应用的前景。     

Housing price and entrepreneurship in China

Housing price has increased dramatically in China during the past decade. The appreciation of house value could relax credit constraint and thus encourage entrepreneurship. However, a house serves as both an important investment channel and a prerequisite for marriage in China. The continuous high return of investment in housing and intensified marriage market competition make house purchase a priority for young people and their parents, which would crowd out entrepreneurial activities. Using two large datasets, we find that high housing price in general discourages entrepreneurial activities for urban adults. For house owners, while house value appreciation has a positive wealth effect, the ratio of mortgage over income has a negative effect. For non-owners, a higher ratio of housing price over income corresponds to a lower probability of entrepreneurship. This study highlights the negative consequences of surging housing price on entrepreneurship in developing countries.