Understanding the intellectual structure and evolution of Competitive Intelligence: a bibliometric analysis from 1984 to 2017

ABSTRACT

Competitive Intelligence (CI) is a relatively novel discipline that is generating a growing interest in the field of strategic management. Its novelty, approach and origin have meant that the definition of the CI entails different interpretations and utilities depending on the audience. This research develops a conceptual analysis of CI in literature by quantifying the bibliometric performance indicators, identifying the main authors, countries, journals and research areas and evaluating the intellectual structure and evolution of the discipline using SciMAT as bibliometric analysis software. The bibliometric performance analysis is focused on the citation-based impact of the scientific output, while the science mapping illustrates the evolution of the research themes that build the discipline through the use of bibliometric network analysis techniques. To this purpose, the publications related to CI from 1984 to 2017 available at Scopus have been retrieved (5,275 publications). Finally, it offers a framework to support future researches.     

技术管理研究的分布特征——整体观视角

以Web of Science数据库收录的发表于2006—2015年的808篇技术管理文献为研究样本,通过文献计量分析了技术管理研究的学科分布、学术期刊分布、地区分布、研究机构分布和高产学者分布,并通过绘制技术管理关键词共现知识图谱分析了当前技术管理研究领域分布。结果表明:整体观视角下的技术管理研究呈现出多学科交叉的特征,以管理理论为支撑、基于运营管理视角进行分析、在商业领域进行应用是当前技术管理研究的主流范式;技术管理的研究力量主要以发达国家为主,但开始向中国、南非和巴西等新兴经济体国家转移;整体观视角下,技术管理研究领域主要包括技术管理内涵研究、技术管理工具研究、技术管理教育研究、技术知识管理研究、创新管理研究和特定领域     

Mapping the intellectual structure of modern technology management

The paper explores and maps the intellectual structure of technology management studies from 1987 to 2006 by analysing 22,336 cited references of 1328 articles in the SSCI and SCI databases. Bibliometrics and social network analysis techniques are used to research the intellectual structure of the technology management literature. Six threads emerged in this study: (1) core competence and competitive advantage, (2) information system planning and changes, (3) the management of innovation and organisations, (4) technology management approaches, (5) technology strategy and (6) organisational learning and knowledge management. This study provides a systematic and objective means of determining the knowledge nodes in the development of technology management research.     

全球不信任研究文献计量分析与启示——基于Web of Science

文章采用文献计量分析方法,对发表于1918-2014年之间被Web of Science(即SCIE、SSCI和AHCI)收录的以"不信任"为主题的9938篇文献,从类型、年度发表情况、学科类别、研究领域、来源期刊统计、语种、国家与地区、机构、引用与被引用以及H指数进行统计分析;通过这一工作发现:不信任问题逐步成为包括心理学、哲学、社会学、经济学、法学、管理学、互联网科学、生理学等众多学科的学者关注和研究的热点以及焦点问题,发表在国外相关核心权威期刊的论文数逐年递增,专注不信任研究的学者(即发表论文多的学者)数量也不断增加,引用和被引用的文献数也逐年递增,不信任研究文献的H指数也不断提高;在不信任的研究领域中,针对在线信息、技术和商务系统方面的研究,呈现强劲的态势,McKnight研究团队占据研究的主导地位并且在电子商务不信任的研究中发挥引领作用,相关成果也较丰硕。文章的研究结果将为国内有关不信任研究尤其电子商务不信任研究提供借鉴和参考。     

Vertical technology transfer and the welfare implications of patent protection

Significant amount of vertical technology transfer occurs between developed and developing-country firms, and many trading companies from developing countries create competition in the developed countries, yet the literature on intellectual property rights did not pay considerable attention to these aspects. In a Cournot oligopoly with vertical technology transfer, we show that patent protection in the developing country raises developed-country welfare if the following three conditions hold together: (i) patent protection in the developing country deters entry in the final goods market, (ii) the marginal cost difference between the incumbent and the entrant final goods sellers is sufficiently small, and (iii) the marginal cost difference between the incumbent and the entrant developing-country producers is sufficiently high. We also show that patent protection in the developing country always creates higher developing-country welfare if no developing-country firm enters the final goods market. We also discuss the implications of Bertrand competition on our results.     

突破性技术创新研究:现状与展望——基于SSCI和CSSCI期刊的文献计量分析

突破性技术创新是中国落实创新驱动、绿色发展、提升关键核心技术创新能力等多个国家战略的重要路径。本文采用文献计量方法和知识图谱工具,以2001—2018年发表于SSCI和CSSCI期刊的765篇文献为研究样本,从多个视角系统揭示国内外突破性技术创新研究的现状,并对未来研究方向进行展望。主要研究结论是:近18年国内外突破性技术创新研究发文量总体呈逐年上升趋势,国内研究与国外相比起步较晚且持续热度较低、对外合作研究较少且国际影响力不足;突破性技术创新研究遵循的理论基础主要是社会网络理论、动态资源管理理论和组织学习理论;突破性技术创新研究的热点主要集中于技术、组织、资源和财务四个方面,与市场发展问题相关的研究是薄弱环节。进一步从创新主体、创新变轨、研究层次和研究主题四个方面归纳了突破性技术创新研究热点的演化规律和存在问题。突破性技术创新的市场风险、跨国合作战略、大数据赋能和绿色导向会成为未来突破性技术创新研究的主攻方向。     

国际责任式创新知识图谱研究

责任式创新是近年来欧美国家提出的一种全新的发展理念,旨在协调科学技术发展与社会福祉之间的关系。使用1990-2015年Web of Science数据库相关数据,通过CitespaceIII、Bibexcel和Ucinet6等软件绘制知识图谱,结合部分施引文献和被引文献信息,得到国际责任式创新领域的主要研究力量、研究热点、研究前沿及对应的知识基础,并在此基础上提出责任式创新对我国的政策启示。     

A review of machine learning for big data analytics: bibliometric approach

ABSTRACT

The amalgamation of machine learning and big data has led to a revolution in data science with several influencing applications to various domains. To gain insights on the current research trends on machine learning for big data analytics, this study follows a bibliometric analysis methodology of citation data to review and quantitatively assess the explosion and impact of literature and research performance in this vibrant research area, which has witnessed rapid changes and rising interest in business, industry and academia. Using a variety of bibliometric measures and visualisation techniques, the paper examines and identifies several related issues including research productivity and directions, major contributors, publication trends and growth rates, citation and collaboration analysis, and others. The relevant bibliographic units for the study were collected from the Core Collection of the Web of Science bibliographic database. Nearly all the relevant publications prior to February 2018 were included in the analysis. The overwhelming productivity and wide-spread applications in several multidisciplinary domains have been revealed, with one-to-two ratio of journal to conference publications. Three countries (USA, China, India) are dominating the research output with more than two-thirds of the total productivity.     

Services as drivers of economic growth. Is there an opportunity for Latin America countries?

ABSTRACT

Considering the recent improvements in services innovation and productivity performance, the aim of the article is to analyze if they can act as a new growth driver for Latin American countries. For that, we review the literature on services and structural change in two stages. First, we apply a bibliometric methodology to identify the main trends in literature. Second, we analyze in-depth a smaller set of papers in order to extract the main lessons regarding three aspects of our question: (i) services and productivity growth, (ii) new opportunities for innovation in services and (iii) relation between services and manufacturing through servitization process. The results show that productivity and innovation growth in services are concentrated in only a few branches. Besides this, services performance depends on their links with manufacturing activities. We conclude that the current Latin American servitization process clausure opportunities for developing instead of opening them.     

知识产权保护、技术差距与发展中国家的技术进步

本文基于南北技术扩散的分析框架探讨了发展中国家的知识产权保护、技术差距对发展中国家技术进步的影响.不同于以往研究,本文假定发展中国家同时进行自主创新和国外先进技术模仿,其知识产权保护在鼓励自主创新和国外技术模仿的两难中权衡取舍.理论分析结果显示发展中国家的知识产权保护、技术差距都对其技术进步都有重要影响.实证检验结果表明,我国当前的技术进步主要依赖于对国外先进技术的模仿,自主创新的技术进步效应不显著.因此现阶段鼓励国外技术模仿的宽松的知识产权保护政策有利于促进我国的技术进步,但随着我国与发达国家的技术差距不断缩小,自主创新能力不断提升,实行严格的知识产权保护将会有利于促进我国的技术进步.     

服务贸易出口、知识产权保护与经济增长

本文首先基于知识产权保护这一视角从理论上研究了服务贸易出口驱动经济增长的作用机理,并且认为,知识产权保护强化了服务业出口部门对其他部门所产生的外部经济溢出效应以及由此分解而来的要素配置效应和技术溢出效应。随后基于90个国家1998—2007年面板数据的经验研究表明:(1)技术与知识密集型服务业出口部门比劳动密集型、资本密集型服务业出口部门更加能够通过要素配置效应和技术溢出效应来促进经济增长;(2)相比于劳动密集型、资本密集型服务业出口部门而言,知识产权保护更加易于强化技术与知识密集型服务业出口部门的要素配置效应,但由于发展中国家的知识产权保护制度不够完善,这些国家服务贸易出口的要素配置效应未能得到强化;(3)不管对于发达国家还是对于发展中国家而言,知识产权保护均强化了劳动密集型、资本密集型、技术与知识密集型服务业出口部门的技术溢出效应。     

Joint research and development projects as technology training ventures

This paper presents an empirically derived model of the process through which industrial firms that lack internal resources in a particular technology area to implement certain research and development (R&D) projects on their own, initiale nad implement them jointly with not-for-profit research institutions. Such joint R&D projects are typically initiated by smaller, technologically less advanced firms in developing countires, with the underlying objective of training themselves in the relevant technology area and acquiring new technological resources from more advanced local research institutions, while simultaneously and rapidly completing the immediate R&D project. This process model has been developed by drawing from and synthesizing several in-depth case studies of such projects. In developing countries, joint R&D projects of this nature are important, as they can be more effective than formal technology training programmes for not-for-profit research institutions to fulfil their charter by transerning their advanced technical knowledge to the relatively less advanced local industrial firms. Participating firms that seek to their immediate interest, and therefore learn it rapidly and effectively. This paper adds to the scarce literature on ht process of organizational knowledge acquisition through contractual arrangements such as joint projects. It also enables both firms and research institutions to understand effective proceses for initiating and implementing such mutually beneficial joint R&D projects.     

The globalisation of technology and its implications for developing countries: Windows of opportunity or further burden?

On the basis of a categorisation of ways in which the generated knowledge is transmitted, this paper explores the impact of the different forms of the globalisation of technology on developing countries. Through travelling, media, scientific and technical workshops, Internet and many other communication channels, globalisation allows the transmission of knowledge at a much greater pace than in the past. However, this does not automatically imply that developing countries succeed to benefit from technological advances. On the contrary, this will strongly rely on the nature of the technology and of the policies implemented in both advanced and developing countries.     

An exploration to visualise the emerging trends of technology foresight based on an improved technique of co-word analysis and relevant literature data of WOS

To explore the possible research fronts and emerging trends of technology foresight, through integrating co-occurrence of keywords and burst terms detection into an improved technique of co-word analysis based on the relevant literature in Web of Science is proposed. Based on the new analytical technique, the links among hot keywords, burst terms are probed, and the core literature related to the emerging trend or interdisciplinary researches are identified. Obviously, the attempts of new bibliometric method in this paper could be a valuable supplement to the traditional co-word analysis; meanwhile, it maybe is much more helpful for those interdisciplinary researchers.     

企业技术创新过程中的知识产权保护分析

技术创新过程始于技术设想,终于商业上成功应用的过程。知识产权保护是使企业技术创新活动健康有序发展的重要环节,企业技术创新和知识产权保护是企业经营发展战略的重要组成部分,在当代,企业技术创新过程有四种代表形式:技术推动的企业技术创新过程;需求拉动的企业技术创新过程;技术与市场交互作用的企业技术创新过程;一体化的企业技术创新过程。企业技术创新是知识产权产生的创造性活动,企业技术创新的各个过程、各个环节,产生、渗透着知识产权保护,同时各个不同企业都可以根据不同类型的技术创新,采取与自己相适应的知识产权保护策略。技术创新和知识产权保护紧密相关,互相促进,共同推动企业在未来激烈的市场竞争中蓬勃发展。     

定性定量结合的分析方法——共词分析法

复杂科学管理的方法论是定性定量结合的方法论。作为定性与定量分析相结合的研究方法,共词分析法是复杂科学管理倡导的重要方法之一。本文首先阐述了共词分析法的基本原理、发展历程和主要运用领域,总结了运用共词分析法的4个关键操作步骤。在此基础上,以国外的知识管理研究为例,运用共词分析法发现了国外知识管理研究的9类知识结构、3个理论基础和两个大研究纬度,揭示了知识管理研究中存在的二元对立范式。最后,指出了在复杂科学管理理念下共词分析法的发展前景。     

工业互联网平台研究知识结构与拓展方向

以WoS数据库中工业互联网平台研究文献为对象，采用文献计量法对工业互联网平台研究文献进行统计分析，对工业互联网平台研究学科知识结构、热点和趋势进行总结。研究发现：工业互联网平台领域学科知识结构由工业互联网平台与工业4.0、云制造平台与企业商业模式、物联网与平台基础设施、工业互联网平台与智能物流、物联网与企业信息系统5部分构成。研究热点方向主要包括工业互联网平台知识管理与商业模式、工业互联网平台应用与产业创新、工业互联网平台与制造企业生产管理。最后，提出以“工业互联网平台基础架构—工业互联网平台运行机制—工业互联网平台产出结果”为主线的工业互联网平台理论框架，并从3个角度提出未来研究方向，旨在为国内工业互联网平台学术研究和管理实践提供参考。     

生态智慧研究：历史、发展与方向

为应对人类世背景下日益严峻的环境问题，生态智慧概念得到了人居环境研究者的广泛关注。但生态智慧研究仍处于起步阶段，其科学支撑、研究范畴和发展方向仍不清晰。回顾“生态智慧”概念的发展，发现其与环境运动和可持续性科学联系紧密。通过文献计量与分析，验证了以人居环境学科为主体的生态智慧研究领域已初步形成，但存在与现代实践联系不紧密的问题。提出生态智慧迭代演进的概念框架和挖掘传统生态智慧、完善地域性生态技术合集、开展设计实践、建立生态智慧导向的评估指标体系，以及参与生态美学教育5个风景园林师可以促进生态智慧研究的重要方向。     

美国全球科技创新计划的实施成效及启示

美国国务院于2011年启动了全球科技创新计划,利用创业训练营、创新创业大赛、投资者培训、孵化器项目、创新中心、在线帮助平台及学员网络等手段,开展“科技外交”,搭建与发展中国家和新兴经济体间科技交流的桥梁。本文对全球科技创新计划发起的背景和实施等进行了系统分析研究,评价了其实施成效,并从深化科技外交、全面融入全球创新网络、优化项目管理流程及科学适度宣传四个方面提出了对我国与发展中国家特别是与“一带一路”沿线国家科技合作的启示。