鄱阳湖区生态补偿问题初探

建设鄱阳湖生态经济区是江西省委省政府的重要决策,对保护好一湖清水,实现湖区科学发展、和谐发展,有着十分重要的战略意义和现实意义。在鄱阳湖区建立生态补偿机制是保护鄱阳湖及建设鄱阳湖生态经济区的重要保证。文章通过对鄱阳湖区进行的调研,根据湖区自然、社会经济发展现状以及周边政府和人民为保护鄱阳湖所受的影响,分析了现有补偿的不足之处,初步探讨了如何在鄱阳湖区实施生态补偿。     

流域生态经济研究综述及展望北大核心

流域生态经济是以河流为纽带促进区域协同发展的经济,是生态经济理论在流域范围的特定研究和区域落实。通过发展流域生态经济,实现流域生态保护与经济社会发展的和谐共生,一直是政府、社会、学界关注的重大议题。论文归纳和分析了流域生态经济的提出缘由、内涵机理、模型开发、实践探索、存在问题等,提出了我国流域生态经济建设与发展的未来方向和实践前瞻。     

基于空间特征、过程与机制的流域经济研究

流域经济涉及自然、社会、经济等领域,与区域发展密切相关,在学术界和实践中都得到了越来越多的关注。通过对流域经济相关文献进行综述性研究,梳理出具有代表性的观点,目的是较为全面地反映近年来我国学者在流域经济空间方面的研究进展。以前人研究为基础,界定了流域经济的定义、特征及功能,沿用区域经济的分析方法,概括了流域经济的空间分布规律和演进过程,认为流域经济发展是与自然条件和资源在空间上的耦合,表现为梯度差异明显。流域经济的形成机制与自然及社会经济条件密切相关,目前在发展中存在竞争与可持续发展方面的问题,最后概括总结了合理布局、产业结构调整和区域协同发展等优化模式。     

主体功能区战略背景下构建我国流域生态补偿机制研究——以鄱阳湖流域为例

在国家推进形成主体功能区战略背景下,如何相应建立我国流域生态补偿机制?以鄱阳湖流域为例,在简要论述国内外生态补偿研究和实践的基础上,借助SWOT分析工具深入分析了鄱阳湖流域建立生态补偿机制的内外部因素,并提出了加快补偿试点、完善相关法规、建立运行机制、深化科学研究的政策建议.     

水资源节约利用与流域经济发展

水是人类生存和发展的基础,也是经济发展的重要资源之一。随着经济社会的发展,水资源将日益成为稀缺资源和战略资源。流域作为以河流为依托的特殊类型区域,水资源的开发和利用是其经济发展的主题和优势。流域经济要实现可持续发展,必须按照科学发展观的要求,有效利用水资源。一、流域经济是以水资源开发利用为核心的区域经济1.流域经济是区域经济的重要类型流域是被分水岭所包围的以河流为纽带和依托的一种特殊类型的区域。流域经济就是以河流为中轴和纽带,以水资源开发利用为主的区域经济。流域经济的发展是人类通过开发,使流域从自然区向…     

鄱阳湖流域内企业排污权的市场交易模式研究

排污权交易作为一种现代市场化治污防控重要手段,在污染物总量和种类得到控制的前提下,可以通过市场机制促进排污权交易双方效益最大化,实现社会环境资源的优化配置和经济增长方式的转变。以行政区域为界实施的排污权交易制度和污染物随自然区域扩散的特点对排污权交易的实施带来了一定困难,文章认为以流域管理为基础,按自然地理区域经济发展水平不同,讨论了不同地区同类污染物排放的成本差异,在考虑了排污权交易市场的公平与效率的基础上,分析了鄱阳湖流域内排污权交易市场的供求状况,建立了该流域排污权交易平台的交易模式和交易流程,并对合理完善排污权交易给出了如下政策建议:完善机构设置,发挥综合决策功能;完善排污权交易的分配制度;构建现代化排污权电子交易平台;完善企业排污主体的责任制度体系。     

论鄱阳湖流域的生态经济地位及开发整治策略

鄱阳湖流域面积占江西省总面积的97％,具有极其重要的地位。系统评价鄱阳湖流域的生态经济地位并提出合理的开发整治策略,对江西省的国土开发,社会经济发展均具有十分重要的指导意义。     

县域农业流域循环经济发展水平评价--以金华江中游为例

建立区域生态可持续发展循环经济体系的前提是客观正确的评价。本研究以生态足迹模型理论为基础,以区域小流域层次作为研究目标对象,对农业流域生态经济系统评价方法展开研究,同时为区域生态及社会经济的可持续发展政策制定提供理论支持。研究以金华江中游为例,分析比对该流域内各类型土地间的生态足迹供需情况,进而解释和评价该流域循环经济发展水平。结果显示金华江中游流域的生态环境是非常脆弱的,无法支撑此流域经济的进一步发展;该流域资源开发不尽合理,废弃物处理效率低,循环经济发展方向有进一步恶化的风险,总体上处于不可持续状态。在对流域循环经济发展水平进行分析后,本研究提出了以改变生产和生活方式为切入点,以提高资源利用率为导向,通过提高单位面积的自然生产力和控制区域人口来减低生态赤字的政策建议。     

跨流域调水对区域生态环境影响界定及影响因素分析

跨流域调水在缓解受水区水资源供需矛盾的同时,也会对经济社会尤其是生态环境造成一定的影响.文章首先就跨流域调水对区域生态经济影响系统的特征进行了分析,并进行了空间和时问上的界定,然后分别对跨流域调水对区域生态经济的建设期及运营期两个阶段的影响因素进行了详细的分析.     

鄱阳湖流域乡村景观旅游规划设计

如今,乡村旅游已成为鄱阳湖流域经济开发和旅游研究的热点。对鄱阳湖流域乡村旅游景观进行规划设计具有保护文化遗产,丰富旅游资源;保护环境,提高旅游资源的品味度;振兴乡村经济,促进社会和谐等意义。研究区乡村景观规划设计面临的困境有,开发与保护相矛盾;缺乏景观资源特质性的认知与保护,导致景观同质化;景观类型单一,景点分散等。就此,提出了生产型乡村景观、乡村建筑景观、综合性乡村景观旅游规划设计思路。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Forecasting the price of gold

This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.