入世后我国服务贸易市场开放状况与对策

加入WTO后，中国和其他WTO成员国一样，已在一种新的多边规则下进行服务业开放和国际服务贸易活动。分析入世后我国服务贸易的市场开放现状就会发现，服务贸易的市场开放不仅存在一些问题，而且与发达国家甚至一些发展中国家和地区相比较，还有相当大的差距。我们应适时制定发展战略，选择应对措施。     

中国服务业开放与服务贸易协同发展：成效、问题与对策

促进服务贸易创新发展是培育我国国际竞争合作新优势、推动经济高质量发展的重要环节，扩大服务业开放则是推动服务贸易高质量发展的重要抓手。近年来，我国服务业高水平开放取得重要进展，但仍存在服务业开放不足以及对服务贸易发展的支撑带动作用不够、服务业扩大开放领域利用外资情况不佳、国家核心平台对服务贸易发展重视程度不够等问题。我国应通过完善服务业开放与服务贸易发展的顶层设计、提高服务贸易制度型开放水平、建设国家服务贸易创新发展示范区、扩大服务业合作、支持服务创新型中小企业、推动服务贸易和服务业规则制度改革等方式，推动服务业开放与服务贸易形成相互促进、协同发展新局面。     

服务贸易原产地规则在我国的探索和实践

只要世界贸易没有完全实现自由化，存在歧视性或差别待遇，那么原产地规则就会继续存在。原产地规则作为一项重要的政策工具在货物贸易中发挥了重要作用。随着服务贸易地位的不断提升，原产地规则逐渐被引入服务贸易领域。我国通过CEPA的先试先行机制以及与其他国家签署的双边自由贸易协定，对服务贸易原产地规则进行了初步探索和实践，但有关原产地规则在服务贸易领域的研究还应不断加深和拓展。我国服务贸易竞争力不强，结构不平衡，面对纷繁复杂的国际服务贸易市场秩序，在我国服务贸易难以接受全面自由竞争的情况下，我国服务市场的开放只能在适当的贸易保护条件下进行。制定和实施服务贸易原产地规则是一个可行的服务贸易保护政策途径。     

不同国家服务贸易开放模式的比较及我国的政策选择

服务贸易是当今国际贸易中发展最为迅速的领域，近十几年来，发达国家服务贸易额的增长远远超过了货物贸易的增长速度。比较发达国家与发展中国家关于服务贸易开放模式的特点，分析开放对中国服务贸易的冲击，并构建我国服务贸易开放模式。     

知识密集型服务出口的国际竞争力比较分析

知识密集型服务贸易已成为服务贸易中最为重要的组成部分。本文通过对我国知识密集型服务出口的总量、结构和竞争力三个方面的国际比较研究,分析我国知识密集型服务贸易所处的国际地位,揭示了我国知识密集型服务贸易存在的问题,并在文章的最后提出了进一步促进我国知识密集型服务出口的政策建议。     

河南省服务贸易出口存在问题及对策研究

面对经济发展新常态,中国在发展对外贸易的同时不断调整经济战略,在货物贸易出口取得显著成就的同时更加重视服务贸易出口的发展。作为我国的经济与贸易大省,河南省作为中原经济区的重要战略区域,在服务贸易出口方面不断加大力度。文章通过对河南省服务贸易发展现状的分析,针对河南省在服务贸易出口方面存在的问题进行了对策研究,提出通过消除发展过程中的不合理因素,改善服务贸易出口结构,提高服务贸易出口总额,促进河南省经济发展新转型,带动河南省整体贸易水平的发展。     

经济萧条背景下进一步促进中国国际服务贸易发展的思路及政策探析

中国国际服务贸易自改革开放以来发展很快,但同其他发达国家相比,不存在着较大的差距.尤其是在目前全球性金融危机的影响下.大力发展中国的国际服务贸易具有特别重要的意义.总体上看,应该在遵循大力促进出口,有限保护国内弱势服务业,同时有选择、有步骤地开放本国国内服务市场,最终实现完全自由化的思路上,采取有效政策措施,使中国的国际服务贸易又好又快的发展.     

我国建筑服务贸易国际竞争力影响因素的实证分析

用我国建筑服务贸易出口额表示建筑服务贸易国际竞争力,从微观、中观、宏观层面分析影响我国建筑服务贸易国际竞争力的因素。实证结果表明:我国建筑服务业的发展程度、市场开放度和技术创新能力与我国建筑服务贸易国际竞争力具有正向关系,其中,市场开放度的影响最大,其次是建筑业的发展程度和技术创新能力。在此基础上,提出如下提升我国建筑服务贸易国际竞争力的措施:提高建筑服务企业技术创新的推广及应用力度;完善产业政策;建立统一、开放、竞争、有序的建筑市场环境。     

关于入世承诺与铁路市场开放

经过多年的艰苦谈判,中国已于2001年底前正式成为WTO成员国。作为入世谈判的重要内容,我国签署了服务贸易总协定和相应的承诺清单。铁路运输服务作为服务贸易的组成部分,是我国作出较高开放程度承诺的重要领域,这也必将对我国铁路运输市场产生深远的影响。《服务贸易总协定》共     

后危机时代我国服务贸易的现状与对策

随着经济全球化的不断深化和发展,服务贸易已成为当今国际贸易中发展最为迅速的领域,服务贸易的发展及其在国际贸易中所占的比重日益上升,服务贸易出口开始在世界出口贸易中扮演越来越重要的角色,未来服务贸易领域的竞争势必更加激烈.就我国而言,虽然近几年服务贸易发展势头强劲,但也受到金融危机的严重影响,贸易额大幅下降.     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Forecasting the price of gold

This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.