科技型小微企业融资能力评价及提升对策

科技型小微企业是带动区域经济发展的基石。分析了科技型小微企业发展现状,构建了科技型小微企业融资能力评价指标体系,并分别从科技型小微企业自身和政策环境两个方面给出了提升科技型小微企业融资能力的对策。在企业自身方面,应加强人才工程建设,提升科技创新能力,拓宽融资渠道;在政策环境方面,应建立促进科技型小微企业发展的服务机构,建立健全信用保障体系,制定税收优惠政策,加大政府扶持力度。     

日本政府在培育创新型小微企业方面发挥重要作用

面对新一轮科技革命和工业变革,日本政府将创新型小微企业作为新的经济增长引擎,通过构建民间为主体、政府为支撑,民间自发自觉可持续的创新生态环境,发挥小微企业在引领创新、提振创业、推动产学研深度融合方面的积极作用。近年来日本大学初创型企业的快速发展成为创新型企业活力迸发的集中体现。     

创新型小微企业群集智能特性、网络关系与创新绩效研究

创新型小微企业群集智能集中表现为企业群体网络结构优化和创新绩效提升。以创新型小微企业群体为研究对象,实证分析企业群体的网络关系强度、网络关系广度、网络关系稳定性与创新绩效之间的关系。研究结果表明,群集智能的学习特性、边界最大化特性对创新型小微企业创新绩效具有显著正向影响,群集智能的抗扰动性对创新型小微企业创新绩效具有较弱的正向影响,而环境不确定性对前两者的显著正向影响存在明显的负向调节作用,对后者较弱的正向影响则不存在负向调节作用。据此,提出群集智能视角下创新型小微企业通过集聚式发展提升创新绩效的要求。     

科技型小微企业发展的生态环境建设与政策支撑

科技型小微企业在国民经济发展和建立创新型国家进程中扮演着重要角色。推动科技型小微企业的成长和发展,需要良好的生态环境来孕育,合理的框架来引导,清晰的规则来约束。根据科技型小微企业的特点和发展中面临的问题,尝试构建由政府、商业银行和中介机构共同组成、分工明确、相互协调、相互制约的科技型小微企业发展生态环境体系。     

商业银行小微企业贷款业务外包发展研究——基于供需分析

小微企业贷款外包作为创新型的金融业务,可降低商业银行经营成本、提高贷款效率效益、缓解小微企业融资难.论文在对小微企业贷款外包市场进行供需分析基础上,指出商业银行小微企业贷款外包业务发展面临的问题及风险,并从商业银行、外包服务商、政府监管及第三方机构角度提出完善建议.     

基于银行业市场结构的小微企业信贷融资问题研究

小微企业在我国国民经济中发挥着不可替代的作用,但是信贷融资难问题严重阻碍小微企业的发展。因此,首先分析我国小微企业信贷融资和银行业市场结构现状,一方面是小微企业从银行得到的信贷资金少,另一方面是银行愿意向小微企业发放的信贷资金少;然后分析商业银行对小微企业“惜贷”的原因：外部原因是商业银行为风险厌恶者,且在贷款行为中表现出从众心理,内部原因是小微企业自身素质低下;最后,从充实和完善中小银行市场、提高大银行的市场竞争水平、完善政策环境和信用环境三个方面提出相应的对策,以期缓解小微企业的信贷融资困境,促进小微企业的健康发展。     

优化科技型小微企业金融服务体系之浅见

随着无锡打造"人才特区"、"东方硅谷",建设创新型经济领军城市和科技创业家摇篮城市发展战略的确立,科技型小微企业日益成为无锡加快转变经济发展方式,实现经济又好又快发展的主要动力。然而,融资难仍然是制约科技型小微企业发展的主要因素。建立和健全促进科技创新创业的新型金融服务体系,支持新兴科技型、成长性好的小微企业获得充分的金融支持,对促进无锡经济社会发展具有重要的现实意义。     

破解科技型小微企业融资瓶颈策略探讨——以合肥市高新区科技型小微企业为例

小微企业在促进我国城乡一体化发展、缓解我国劳动力就业压力和维持社会稳定等方面起到十分重要的作用.尽管我国科技型小微企业在经济发展中起到的作用越来越大,但其在融资过程中遭遇的瓶颈越来越多.经调研表明,科技型小微企业融资问题主要来自于企业自身、银行机构和政府三个方面,企业规模较小且财务管理制度不健全,导致融资难度大;银行贷款门槛高,手续繁杂,使得企业贷款困难;政府政策实施力度不到位,使企业难以享受到政府优惠政策.本文就小微企业在这三个方面存在的问题,结合其融资现状,试图提出相应的解决办法.     

小微企业融资难的出路

小微企业在促进经济增长、技术创新及社会就业,推进工业化和城镇化进程,增加地方财政收入等方面发挥了积极重要的作用。然而,小微企业在发展的过程中又面临融资难的困境。因此,从政策性因素、小微企业自身因素、金融体系因素三个方面分析了造成小微企业融资难的原因,并结合小微企业融资难的原因,围绕优化融资环境来疏通融资渠道,提出缓解小微企业融资难题的切实可行的建议。     

如何破解小微企业融资难——基于中小企业生存发展理论的思考

小微企业融资难是当前中国经济发展中的一个现实问题。基于中小企业生存发展理论中的集群理论、规模经济理论和科技进步理论对此进行思考,认为可以从充分利用小微企业集群的社会资本、发展中小银行以及风险投资这三个方面着手缓释小微企业的融资困难。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Neurally reconstructing expected utility

While the concept of “expected utility” informs many theories of decision making, little is known about whether and how the human brain might compute this quantity. This article reviews a series of functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) experiments designed to localize brain regions that respond in anticipation of increasing amounts of monetary incentives. These studies collectively suggest that anticipation of increasing monetary gains activates a subcortical region of the ventral striatum in a magnitude-proportional manner. This ventral striatal activation is not evident during anticipation of losses. Actual gain outcomes instead activate a region of the mesial prefrontal cortex. During anticipation of gain, ventral striatal activation is accompanied by feelings characterized by increasing arousal and positive valence. These findings affirm the role of emotion in the anticipation of incentives, and may provide an initial step towards a neural reconstruction of expected utility.     

Duplication, Growth and ‘Total Return Economics’

Maintenance consumption is an expense recovered in product prices, yet also a source of taste satisfaction which must be exhausted, rather than reinvested, from the capital affording it. This riddle is solved in the duplication rules: the cost of maintenance consumption is recovered in pay and prices, but an equal flow is exhausted from the human capital of the worker earning the pay. The rules impact tradition in several ways. If output is defined in principle as value added, then it cannot also be described as consumption plus net investment without double-counting the maintenance consumption recovered in prices. Also rate of return in the stationary state is not zero, but is the rate sufficient to offset the exhaustion of individual human capital. The rules lead to new insights into economic return, and support an argument that all growth at the scale of closure is due to productivity gain rather than to thrift.