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1.
产业转移作为产业生产系统与知识系统的共同转移,是承接地获取新知识、实现知识创造的重要途径。基于SCP(结构—行为—绩效)范式及复杂网络视角,研究了产业转移中转出方企业转移模式及承接地集群网络结构通过影响转移企业本地化嵌入行为,进而影响知识转移的机理,并通过构建知识转移动态仿真模型,比较分析了不同转移模式及集群网络结构下的知识转移绩效。结果表明:在不同转移模式及网络结构下,企业本地化嵌入行为及知识转移绩效存在显著差异;相比无核网络,有核网络对促进集群知识转移具有显著优势。此外,在无核网络中,合资企业对集群中合作企业的适度更新能促进承接地集群知识转移绩效提升;在有核网络中,组团式转移企业的“小社团”强度对知识转移绩效具有显著负向影响。该研究不仅有助于从微观层面理解产业转移中的企业行为,也对承接地选择适宜的招商策略和集群发展战略、促进企业知识转移、提升承接地创新能力具有重要意义。  相似文献   

2.
产业转移作为产业生产系统与知识系统的共同转移,是承接地获取新知识、实现知识创造的重要途径。基于SCP(结构—行为—绩效)范式及复杂网络视角,研究了产业转移中转出方企业转移模式及承接地集群网络结构通过影响转移企业本地化嵌入行为,进而影响知识转移的机理,并通过构建知识转移动态仿真模型,比较分析了不同转移模式及集群网络结构下的知识转移绩效。结果表明:在不同转移模式及网络结构下,企业本地化嵌入行为及知识转移绩效存在显著差异;相比无核网络,有核网络对促进集群知识转移具有显著优势。此外,在无核网络中,合资企业对集群中合作企业的适度更新能促进承接地集群知识转移绩效提升;在有核网络中,组团式转移企业的"小社团"强度对知识转移绩效具有显著负向影响。该研究不仅有助于从微观层面理解产业转移中的企业行为,也对承接地选择适宜的招商策略和集群发展战略、促进企业知识转移、提升承接地创新能力具有重要意义。  相似文献   

3.
企业是社会经济的最终执行者和最小组成单元,提升企业创新绩效是实现中国经济创新驱动发展的前提和保证。在嵌入式创新背景下,企业创新活动受到知识网络中知识元和协同网络中合作伙伴的双重影响。从网络结构视角研究知识网络嵌入和协同网络嵌入对企业创新绩效的影响,运用网络可视化技术构建武汉东湖高新区生物医药领域知识网络模型和协同网络模型,分析中心度和结构洞对于企业创新绩效的影响。结果表明:①企业创新绩效与知识网络中心度呈倒U型关系而与结构洞呈正相关关系;②企业创新绩效与协同网络中心度呈正相关关系而与结构洞程度关系不显著;③知识网络与协同网络相互分离无相关性。最后,从网络结构角度提出提升企业创新绩效的建议。  相似文献   

4.
基于209份地方产业集群企业问卷数据,实证分析了集群网络结构、吸收能力以及技术创新绩效三者间的关系和相互作用机制。结果表明:①集群网络结构对吸收能力具有正向影响。网络规模、中心度和强度正向影响企业潜在吸收能力和现实吸收能力;②潜在吸收能力和现实吸收能力显著促进技术创新绩效;③集群网络结构显著促进技术创新绩效。但在集群网络结构的各项指标中,除网络规模外,网络中心度和网络强度并不直接影响创新,而是以吸收能力为中介变量间接影响创新绩效;④在集群网络结构、吸收能力、技术创新绩效三者关系中,潜在和现实吸收能力是发挥网络结构优势、提升创新绩效的关键因素。  相似文献   

5.
我国制造企业的服务转型及创新体系转型引发了传统制造企业研发观念落后、组织架构不合理、流程效率低、自主研发能力弱、与市场联系不紧密等研发问题。针对这些问题,构建了转型期中国制造企业的价值创造活动体系,并以研发活动为例,分析了我国制造企业的研发现状,研究了服务型制造下研发活动价值创造的特征,在此基础上提出:①开展基于服务型制造网络的合作研发与研发外包;②以客户需求为研发导向,实施开放式研发战略;③发展客户和供应商参与研发;④依靠有效的研发成本管理、研发项目管理和研发绩效管理提供辅助支持的合作创新模式。  相似文献   

6.
企业是社会经济的最终执行者和最小组成单元,提升企业创新绩效是实现中国经济创新驱动发展的前提和保证。在嵌入式创新背景下,企业创新活动受到知识网络中知识元和协同网络中合作伙伴的双重影响。从网络结构视角研究知识网络嵌入和协同网络嵌入对企业创新绩效的影响,运用网络可视化技术构建武汉东湖高新区生物医药领域知识网络模型和协同网络模型,分析中心度和结构洞对于企业创新绩效的影响。结果表明:①企业创新绩效与知识网络中心度呈倒U型关系而与结构洞呈正相关关系;②企业创新绩效与协同网络中心度呈正相关关系而与结构洞程度关系不显著;③知识网络与协同网络相互分离无相关性。最后,从网络结构角度提出提升企业创新绩效的建议。  相似文献   

7.
基于创业网络理论、创业学习理论和创业成长理论,构建创业网络双重嵌入、双元创业学习、自我效能以及大学生新创企业绩效内在逻辑关系模型。基于168份大学生新创企业样本数据,应用结构方程模型进行实证研究。结果表明,相比网络关系嵌入,网络结构嵌入对大学生新创企业绩效的正向影响更为显著;相比网络结构嵌入,网络关系嵌入对大学生创业学习的影响更为显著;大学生创业学习在网络结构和网络关系嵌入影响大学生新创企业绩效中均发挥部分中介作用,且对网络关系作用传导更明显;自我效能正向调节网络结构嵌入和关系嵌入对大学生新创企业绩效的影响。  相似文献   

8.
基于1997-2019年我国新能源汽车领域专利申请数据,采用复杂网络方法构建组织合作网络、成员合作网络以及知识融合网络3类创新网络,并量化3类网络中的结构洞特征。在此基础上,采用面板负二项回归模型实证分析组织合作网络、成员合作网络以及知识融合网络结构洞特征对组织创新绩效的影响。结果表明:仅考虑直接作用时,组织合作网络与知识融合网络结构洞特征对组织创新绩效具有显著正向影响,且知识融合网络结构洞特征对组织创新绩效的影响程度更大。在进一步考虑交互作用后,组织合作网络、成员合作网络以及知识融合网络结构洞特征的两两交互项均对组织创新绩效具有显著正向影响,其中,成员合作网络与知识融合网络的交互作用对组织创新绩效影响最大。结构洞特征替换为聚集性特征后,研究结论依旧稳健。最后,基于多层创新网络优化视角提出相应的政策建议。  相似文献   

9.
新创企业逐渐成为经济发展的重要推力,为探索孵化网络治理机制对企业创新绩效的影响,加入网络能力作为中介变量,重点研究孵化网络的两个维度——关系型治理机制和契约型治理机制在创新绩效中的作用,同时考虑网络能力的中介效应。研究得出,关系型治理机制和契约型治理机制对创新绩效均有显著正向影响,而网络能力的巩固和强化能够有效提高企业创新绩效。  相似文献   

10.
基于1997-2019年我国新能源汽车领域专利申请数据,采用复杂网络方法构建组织合作网络、成员合作网络以及知识融合网络3类创新网络,并量化3类网络中的结构洞特征。在此基础上,采用面板负二项回归模型实证分析组织合作网络、成员合作网络以及知识融合网络结构洞特征对组织创新绩效的影响。结果表明:仅考虑直接作用时,组织合作网络与知识融合网络结构洞特征对组织创新绩效具有显著正向影响,且知识融合网络结构洞特征对组织创新绩效的影响程度更大。在进一步考虑交互作用后,组织合作网络、成员合作网络以及知识融合网络结构洞特征的两两交互项均对组织创新绩效具有显著正向影响,其中,成员合作网络与知识融合网络的交互作用对组织创新绩效影响最大。结构洞特征替换为聚集性特征后,研究结论依旧稳健。最后,基于多层创新网络优化视角提出相应的政策建议。  相似文献   

11.
Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.  相似文献   

12.
Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”  相似文献   

13.
John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.  相似文献   

14.
Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?  相似文献   

15.
The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...  相似文献   

16.
中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长  相似文献   

17.
18.
The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.  相似文献   

19.
Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.  相似文献   

20.
Neurally reconstructing expected utility   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
While the concept of “expected utility” informs many theories of decision making, little is known about whether and how the human brain might compute this quantity. This article reviews a series of functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) experiments designed to localize brain regions that respond in anticipation of increasing amounts of monetary incentives. These studies collectively suggest that anticipation of increasing monetary gains activates a subcortical region of the ventral striatum in a magnitude-proportional manner. This ventral striatal activation is not evident during anticipation of losses. Actual gain outcomes instead activate a region of the mesial prefrontal cortex. During anticipation of gain, ventral striatal activation is accompanied by feelings characterized by increasing arousal and positive valence. These findings affirm the role of emotion in the anticipation of incentives, and may provide an initial step towards a neural reconstruction of expected utility.  相似文献   

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