商业银行抵押价值类型选择研究

抵押是商业银行一种重要的信用风险缓释工具,加强抵押品的价值认定管理对商业银行风险控制具有重要作用,而价值类型是抵押资产价值评估的基础。目前抵押价值类型主要有三种不同观点:市场价值类型、抵押贷款价值类型和清算价值类型。本文重点对上述三种观点进行界定和区分,明确了商业银行抵押价值类型选择原则,指出当前适合商业银行风险管理要求的抵押价值类型应为市场价值类型。最后,就商业银行抵押价值评估风险管理提出了几点建议。     

抵押房地产中存在的风险及控制

房地产开发贷款、个人住房贷款,以及其他贷款,通常将房地产作为抵押物。而房地产抵押价值如果过高,就容易造成信贷风险,如果过低,抵押物的担保作用就得不到充分发挥。《关于规范与银行信贷业务相关的房地产抵押估价管理有关问题的通知》明确要求商业银行在发放房地产抵押贷款前,要确定房地产抵押价值,作为核定贷款发放额的依据。评估师客观、合理地确定抵押房地产的市场价值,对于有效控制和规避房地产抵押评估中存在的风险就尤为重要。     

商业银行不动产抵押价值类型选择研究

不动产抵押是商业银行一种重要的信用风险缓释工具,加强抵押品的价值认定管理对商业银行风险控制具有重要作用,而价值类型是抵押资产价值评估的基础.目前抵押价值类型主要有三种不同观点:市场价值类型、抵押贷款价值类型和清算价值类型.本文重点对上述三种观点进行界定和区分,明确了商业银行不动产抵押价值类型选择原则,指出当前适合商业银行风险管理要求的抵押价值类型应为市场价值类型.     

美国银行如何办理住房抵押贷款业务

美国的抵押贷款银行泛指商业银行、抵押贷款公司、储蓄银行和储蓄贷款协会等发放房地产抵押贷款的金融机构。抵押贷款银行办理一笔住房抵押贷款业务，通常要经过五个步骤，即：一、受理借款申请；二、进行贷款评估；三、协商贷款条件；四、签定贷款合同；五、按期回收本息。     

林权抵押贷款创新模式研究 ——以陇南市为例

文章介绍了陇南市林权抵押贷款开展情况,总结了陇南市林权抵押贷款创新的两当模式、徽县模式、西和模式和武都模式,分析了林权抵押贷款业务存在林权评估难、抵押物处置难、贷款保险难、期限匹配难、贷后管理难等问题,最后提出了进一步推动林权抵押贷款业务的对策建议,如加快评估机制建设,拓展林权抵押贷款方式,构建风险补偿机制,积极开展林业资产保险等.     

农房价格实现、位置差异与抵押贷款试点业务探析

农房抵押贷款制约因素会使农房价格扭曲,偏离实际价值,其反过来又影响并制约抵押贷款业务。通过纳入位置变量对农房主要价格指标进行分析,进而将抵押贷款试点业务划分为三个区域:意愿区、纠结区和排斥区,探析不同区域的业务特点和模式。同时还分析了农房抵押贷款业务的价格约束条件,得出推动农房抵押贷款试点业务的关键在于确保农房处置价格能够实现,并与市场价格偏离度不大等结论。最后,提出了针对性的政策建议。     

加强抵押评估管理 维护金融资产安全

抵押贷款评估业务是各国评估界的主要业务之一.我国银行业自上世纪九十年代初以来,也越来越多地对贷款项目采用抵押等保证方式,由此我国抵押贷款评估业务得到较大发展.但当前我国抵押贷款评估业务存在较大问题,本文拟简要分析影响我国抵押评估业务的主要因素,并在此基础上提出相关的建议,即政府、银行和评估行业应当从各自角度出发,确保抵押评估业务的有效进行,以达到维护金融资产安全的目的.     

金融机构“两权”抵押贷款决策影响因素分析

本文从金融机构"两权"抵押贷款决策模型出发,对金融机构"两权"抵押贷款决策的影响因素进行理论分析。同时结合实际情况,对影响金融机构"两权"抵押贷款决策的因素进行现实分析。结果显示,当前,"两权"确权登记进展缓慢,土地、宅基地价值评估体系发展滞后等原因,金融机构开展此业务的意愿不强。     

住房抵押贷款的支付方式及对我国的启示

适当选择住房抵押贷款支付方式是大力发展该项业务的关键所在。目前国际上的几种主要支付方式；平均支会、固定利率抵押贷款；累进支付抵押贷款；可调整利率抵押贷款。在考察我国目前发展状况的基础上试图寻找出一条比较适合我国的支付方式。     

个人房贷中的抵押房产保险刍议

银行在发放抵押贷款时，为了防止因意外事件引起抵押物灭失或贬值，从而引致贷款出现风险敞口，通过要求客户为抵押物（土地除外）办理保险。因而个人住房按揭贷款作为抵押贷款中的一种，长期以来，银行在办理该业务时也要求客户为抵押房产办理保险。对于贷款金额较大、风险较大为集中的一般商业经营性贷款业务，这一要求是安全必要的。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.     

浅议金融机构的举证责任

金融纠纷案件是当事人以存单或进账单、对账单、存款合同、保险单、票据、证券等凭证为主要证据向人民法院提出诉讼的案件,对于不同种类金融纠纷的当事人的举证责任,我国现行的金融法律、法规及司法解释有不同的规定。由于金融机构的特殊法律地位,发生金融纠纷时存在有关当事人将最后偿付风险转移给金融机构承担的主观故意,在客观上会使金融机构难以提供相应的证据来对抗不法债权人的诉讼请求,而导致金融机构败诉。为此,对金融诉讼案件中金融机构的举证责任加以研究具有重要的实践意义。     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.