林业资源枯竭型城市转型机制研究

林业的资源可持续属性,使林业资源枯竭型城市的转型发展问题有别于其他类型资源枯竭城市。文章描述了林业资源枯竭型城市的基本地理空间分布格局,从生态功能约束、地理区位障碍、工业化城市化空间缺乏、社会发展成本高昂和体制机制约束等五个方面分析了其转型发展面临的问题与困境。进一步,针对转型面临的困境与障碍,从建立林区资源开发利益共享机制、构建区域生态补偿机制、发展实体工业经济和优化林区人口布局等四个方面提出了林业资源枯竭型城市转型机制构建思路。     

浅析资源枯竭型城市经济转型的突破之路——以阜新市为例

采用个案研究和经验总结相结合的研究方法，全面分析了资源枯竭型城市发展面临的经济、民生及生态困境，得出了资源枯竭型城市转型的路径选择。对阜新的转型经验进行研究将对中国其它资源枯竭型城市的转型方向选择及探索具有中国特色的资源型城市转型之路具有重要的理论价值及实践意义。     

发展新能源是资源型城市经济转型的必然选择

资源型城市要解决资源枯竭的发展困境,实现城市转型,规避城市出现的矿竭城衰、产业萎缩、失业增加、社会不稳定的情况,就须搞好循环经济建设,发展新能源成为其经济转型的必然选择。资源型城市应该充分利用其优势发展新能源产业,从而使我国资源型城市转型工作进入新阶段。     

资源枯竭型城市生态经济建设问题分析

本文阐述了资源枯竭型城市的概念,分析了资源枯竭型城市面临的生态经济问题:生态经济系统紊乱;经济发展没有生态化,过多依赖自然资源;产业结构序次较低,生态产业发展薄弱;社会问题较多;城市吸引力下降等。探讨了资源枯竭型城市如何利用生态经济建设实现成功转型——首要问题是进行体制改革,重中之重是打造生态经济系统,还包括构建生态经济产业结构、消化和转移就业、积极开展区域合作、改善生态软环境、增强城市吸引力等。     

我国资源型城市可持续发展的实践与探索——国内资源枯竭型城市十年经济转型经验与展望

实现资源枯竭型城市经济转型和可持续发展,是当前我国经济社会发展的重大理论和现实问题。我国资源枯竭型城市经济转型历经十年,取得了显著成效。把体制机制创新作为推进资源枯竭型城市经济转型的强大动力,把转变经济发展方式作为资源枯竭型城市经济转型的主线,把着力解决民生问题作为资源枯竭型城市经济转型的出发点和落脚点,把大力发展民营经济作为资源枯竭型城市经济转型的突破口,把环境整治和生态建设放在资源枯竭型城市经济转型的突出位置,充分发挥中央财力性转移支付资金对资源枯竭型城市经济转型的引导作用,把招商引资和项目建设作为资源枯竭型城市经济转型的有效载体,把营造良好的外部环境作为资源枯竭型城市经济转型的关键环节,是我国资源枯竭型城市十年经济转型的宝贵经验。在我国工业化、城镇化快速发展的今天,在国内重工业化发展速度和水平不断提高、资源开采规模和速度不断扩大的背景下,系统总结这些经验,对促进我国资源型城市的可持续发展具有重要的现实意义。     

资源型城市转型:重生、困境与路径

在我国,资源型城市的转型发展既要面对资源枯竭的困境,又背负着庞大的经济、社会、人口、环境等负担.资源型城市转型具有紧迫性,面临严峻挑战,包括经济结构单一、产业结构不协调、市场化程度不高、城市生态环境恶化、城市规划不科学、城市基础设施建设滞后等.因此,在科学发展观的指导下,资源型城市必须以转变经济结构为契机,从城市产业结构转型、城市功能定位转型、城市生态环境转型、城市形态网络转型、城市要素集聚转型、城市基础设施建设转型等层面进行路径探索,以实现资源型城市的可持续发展.     

资源型城市转型问题综述——资源型城市经济发展问题研究

经过短短几十年的发展，中国资源型城市逐渐受到资源枯竭的威胁，因为自然资源作为不可再生资源，资源生产量逐年减少，而且在开发建设各资源城市时只考虑资源的开采，而忽略了城市发展的条件和因素，导致了诸多问题，资源型城市面临着复杂多样的城市转型和管理的困境。本文就资源城市转型思路、实践经验和遭遇的困难加以归纳总结，为资源型城市的转型提供路径参考。     

资源枯竭型城市生态经济建设分析——以徐州为例

阐述了资源枯竭型城市的概念,分析了徐州资源枯竭型城市面临的生态经济问题,即:生态经济系统紊乱;经济发展没有生态化,过多依赖自然资源;产业结构序次较低,生态产业发展薄弱;社会问题较多;城市吸引力下降等。探讨了徐州利用生态经济建设实现成功转型的首要问题是进行体制改革,重中之重是打造生态经济系统,还包括构建生态经济产业结构、消化和转移就业、改善生态软环境、增强城市吸引力等。     

资源枯竭型城市转型的个案研究

资源枯竭型城市转型问题不仅涉及城市自身的存续与发展,而且会影响区域甚至整个国家的经济社会发展。本文以资源枯竭型城市吉林省辽源市为例,从分析资源枯竭型城市转型的基本含义入手,介绍了资源枯竭型城市转型的背景和过程,分析了其转型的内容和策略等相关问题,以期为其他资源枯竭型城市成功转型提供启示。     

资源枯竭型城市可持续发展转型环境法律问题研究

国务院确定了44个资源枯竭型城市,这些城市面临着急迫的转型要求,朝向可持续发展转型是必然的途径。然而在转型过程中,资源枯竭型城市也会面临诸多的环境法律问题——土壤污染的整治、发展循环经济以及转型过程中的环境影响评价问题。这些都是资源枯竭型城市可持续发展转型过程中的重要问题。借鉴国外的相关经验,重点突破关键问题,才是实现资源枯竭型城市可持续发展顺利转型的保障。     

企业诚信意识与思想政治工作调研及对策思考

在对福建省企业诚信意识与思想政治工作调研的基础上,提出构建可操作的“三层次四模块”诚信意识培育新模式,推进人本化管理理念的渗透,加强人文关怀和心理疏导,以实现思想政治工作诚信意识培育的目标。     

中国经济的内外均衡与财税改革

我国经常项目持续的大规模顺差,给国民经济的健康发展带来一系列的不利影响。在前人研究的基础上,通过对各种影响因素进行分类拆解,本文试图从理论和实证角度说明长期的储蓄-消费失衡是造成我国贸易顺差的一个重要原因,而其背后的根本原因是由于企业可支配收入相对于劳动者报酬不断提高带来的收入结构和储蓄结构失衡。我国当前企业未分配收入大幅增长的原因可以归结为企业利润率"虚高"和国企"不分红"问题。只有从体制上解决这个问题,才能使储蓄降低到适当的水平,通过拉动内需消除我国过大的贸易顺差,从根本上解决内外经济比例失衡问题。     

美国、日本产业政策:比较分析与启示

现阶段,在吸取美国、日本经验的基础上,我国产业结构调整应主要依靠市场机制进行调节,同时辅之以宏观政策,尽快使我国的产业结构优化,即产业结构的合理化、高级化。     

Homogeneity and Heterogeneity Within and Across Boundaries and Shorelines: Ensemble of Darwin's Finches and Human Transaction Types

Synopsis: In the most famous example of the biological process of adaptive radiation, two forces explain the fourteen distinct species of Darwin's finches on the Galápagos and Cocos Islands: First, populations adapt to their respective distinct ecological environments. Second, previously separated populations come in contact and may adapt to mitigate inter-species competition. The result is a complex pattern of homogeneity and heterogeneity among the birds, both on a single island and across islands. This pattern reflects the finches' adaptations both to the distinct ecological conditions created by the visible shorelines that separate the islands' niches and to the finches' own less-visible cultural and societal shorelines. The New Institutional Economics highlights the fact that human institutional infrastructures also exhibit complex homogeneities and heterogeneities, as we adapt those infrastructures to accomplish the tasks at hand in distinct geographic and societal contexts. Mixes of both state enforcement and self-enforcement, through inter-temporal, inter-issue, and inter-actor linkages, provide support and enforcement for transactions; and those mixes differ across transactions and across states. When transactions occur across state or cultural shorelines, institutional infrastructures must be flexible enough to accommodate those differences, without allowing the differences to become disguised protectionism or barriers to competition. These issues contribute to many of the regulatory disputes associated with ‘globalization’. We briefly consider two concrete recent examples: (1) the European Union–United States ‘Safe Harbor’ Agreement that regulates firms' policies toward Internet-data privacy; and (2) international trade policy negotiations over regulation of ‘geographical indications’ (for example, Champagne or Roquefort) as means of assuring product quality for processed foods. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Sen and Commons on Markets and Freedom

Amartya Sen's enlarged conception of freedom has augmented the scope of economic analysis but it also has had the surprising effect of being more supportive of the free market than conventional welfare economics. It is argued here that a comparison of Sen's position with that of the American institutionalist, J R Commons, highlights some problems with Sen's approach and points to possible ways in which they might be addressed.     

Automation and inequality with taxes and transfers

Declines in low-skill labour shares are reviewed, and a stylised model is constructed to examine their determinants and future implications. A retrospective analysis of US shocks suggests that technological change has contributed more to raising income inequality and the wealth to GDP ratio than other changes. An anticipated future twist away from low-skill labour toward the capital, combined with population growth, risks high unemployment rates. Productivity growth at twice the pace since 1990 limits this, though inequality persists. Analysis shows that a generalisation of the US ‘earned income tax credit’ system with consumption tax outperforms alternatives of the ‘universal basic income’.     

森林资源规划设计调查总结与反思

森林资源规划设计调查是为国家、地区及森林经营单位制定林业方针政策,编制林业区划、规划、计划,指导林业生产而提供基础资源数据,为实现森林资源合理经营、科学管理、永续利用、持续发展,充分发挥森林生态效益、经济效益、社会效益服务。森林资源调查的任务是全面查清森林资源数量、质量变化及其消长变化状况、规律,进行综合分析和评价,准确提供所需有关森林资源调查成果资料。基于森林资源二类调查的重要性和今后调查工作顺利开展的需要,调查之后的总结与反思尤为重要。     

Human rights and political and economic instability

The purpose of this paper is to use cross country regression analysis on a large set of countries from around the world for the year 2007 to test the hypothesis that greater instability, political or economic leads to reduced levels of human rights. The results of the paper＇s econometric analysis tend to support the hypothesis that increased levels of either political instability or economic instability are detrimental to human rights within countries.     

Classical and Neoclassical harmonies and dissonances

Abstract

Proofs are given that only singularly can real 1750 – 2007 competitive price ratios be ‘natural', in the sense of being invariant under changes in demand tastes. Proofs are given that both 1750 – 1870 discrete technologies or 1890 – 2007 continuum technologies, with convexity properties sufficient for arbitrage-proof supply-demand equilibria, will be ‘intertemporally Pareto optimal', immune to leaving any deadweight (inefficient) losses on the table. Sraffa (1960), ignoring the vast post-1945 linear and non-linear programming mathematical literature of Danzig, Kuhn-Tucker-Bellman, von Neumann, Ramsey literature does not quite arrive at attainable distribution solutions. Where it tolerates increasing or decreasing returns to scale, there can be no competitive equilibria. When its matrix equations do obey first-degree-homogeneous functions, the book's stress on Basics or non-Basics is an irrelevancy leading to bizarre novel interpretations of Ricardo.

Old age overtakes us all. Alas, Sraffs's proposed critique of twentieth century political economy we will never be able to know.