营商环境、企业寻租与市场创新——来自中国企业营商环境调查的经验证据

本文旨在考察优化营商环境是否有助于消除寻租影响、促进企业市场创新。基于世界银行对中国企业营商环境的调查数据,利用二值选择模型研究发现,在市场机制尚未健全的转型经济中,寻租作为非正规补偿手段和"关系资本",一定程度上对市场创新产生了扭曲的正面影响;优化营商环境显著影响企业寻租与市场创新的关系,对消除寻租影响、促进创新有积极作用。分样本研究结果表明,优化营商环境显著调节寻租对企业不同创新活动的影响,有利于无寻租企业开展自主创新。本文结论为持续优化营商环境,消除体制性的负面产物,进而提高市场创新活力提供了政策启示。     

非正规部门竞争与企业创新行为关系研究

非正规部门快速发展在缓解中国就业压力、满足低端需求和促进经济增长的同时,对中国制造业企业经营带来了很大影响。基于2012年世界银行营商环境调查数据,分析非正规部门灰色竞争对中国制造业企业创新活动的影响。研究发现：非正规部门灰色竞争显著增加企业研发投入倾向和研发投入强度;灰色竞争与企业产品创新活动有显著正相关关系,但未发现与企业流程创新活动有显著关系;制造业中高新技术企业创新活动受非正规部门灰色竞争的影响相对较弱。用工具变量控制内生性后,以上结论依然成立。为了应对非正规部门的灰色竞争,制造业企业应不断强化研发投入,通过模仿创新和微创新的方式加速产品更新升级,以区分于非正规部门的产品。     

非正规部门竞争与企业创新行为关系研究——来自制造业部门的实证

非正规部门快速发展在缓解中国就业压力、满足低端需求和促进经济增长的同时,对中国制造业企业经营带来了很大影响。基于2012年世界银行营商环境调查数据,分析非正规部门灰色竞争对中国制造业企业创新活动的影响。研究发现:非正规部门灰色竞争显著增加企业研发投入倾向和研发投入强度;灰色竞争与企业产品创新活动有显著正相关关系,但未发现与企业流程创新活动有显著关系;制造业中高新技术企业创新活动受非正规部门灰色竞争的影响相对较弱。用工具变量控制内生性后,以上结论依然成立。为了应对非正规部门的灰色竞争,制造业企业应不断强化研发投入,通过模仿创新和微创新的方式加速产品更新升级,以区分于非正规部门的产品。     

新创企业创新驱动对企业绩效的影响机制

通过对253份新创企业的问卷调查,讨论了创新驱动对新创企业绩效的直接影响,并分析了创业拼凑在创新驱动与新创企业绩效中的作用路径以及创业学习在该影响过程中的调节效应。实证和经验数据表明：新创企业创新驱动对企业绩效具有显著正向影响;创新驱动对创业拼凑具有显著正向影响;创业拼凑对企业绩效具有显著正向影响;创业拼凑在创新驱动和企业绩效的影响中发挥部分中介作用;创业学习正向调节创新驱动对创业拼凑以及创业拼凑对企业绩效的作用。     

经济增长受企业寻租及非正规金融的影响研究——基于金融管制的分析

本文通过将金融部门和政府部门纳入罗默的内生增长模型来研究企业寻租、非正规金融及金融管制对经济增长的影响。结果表明:非正规金融的存在提高了企业的融资能力和利润率;加强正规及非正规金融部门的竞争程度有利于存贷利差的缩小和经济增长率的提升;而设租寻租行为会给经济带来负面影响,且租金的增加将阻碍金融竞争。因此,要促进经济增长,应严厉惩治寻租,引导非正规金融健康发展并增强金融体系的竞争程度。     

新创企业创新驱动对企业绩效的影响机制——创业拼凑及创业学习有调节的中介作用

通过对253份新创企业的问卷调查,讨论了创新驱动对新创企业绩效的直接影响,并分析了创业拼凑在创新驱动与新创企业绩效中的作用路径以及创业学习在该影响过程中的调节效应。实证和经验数据表明:新创企业创新驱动对企业绩效具有显著正向影响;创新驱动对创业拼凑具有显著正向影响;创业拼凑对企业绩效具有显著正向影响;创业拼凑在创新驱动和企业绩效的影响中发挥部分中介作用;创业学习正向调节创新驱动对创业拼凑以及创业拼凑对企业绩效的作用。     

制度、技术及商业社会资本与新创企业创新绩效:环境动态性的调节作用

文章利用浙江省158个新创企业样本数据进行检验发现,不同类型社会资本对新创企业创新绩效具有截然不同的影响效应:技术社会资本对新创企业创新绩效有显著的正向影响,商业社会资本对创新绩效有显著的负向影响,制度社会资本对创新绩效没有显著影响。同时,技术动态性对制度、商业社会资本与新创企业创新绩效之间的关系具有显著的正向调节作用;相反,竞争强度对商业、技术社会资本与新创企业创新绩效之间的关系具有显著的负向调节作用。     

转型环境下创业战略与新创企业竞争优势关系研究

创新战略有利于企业构建新的价值链,模仿战略是对市场已有价值链的补充,现有研究主要关注创新战略,对模仿战略关注不足,实践中很多新创企业通过模仿战略实现创业成功。特别地,中国转型环境下制度不完善造成的不良竞争环境会制约创新战略,促进模仿战略。然而,实践中这两种战略对新创企业均存在积极影响,选择创新战略还是模仿战略事关新创企业创业成败。考察技术、市场环境和制度环境特征,剖析不同技术和市场环境下不良竞争对创新战略和模仿战略的调节作用。利用153份新创企业样本研究发现：创新战略和模仿战略均有利于竞争优势,但不同环境特征下作用效果存在差异。不良竞争对模仿战略的影响与技术和市场环境特征不相关;对创新战略的影响与技术和市场环境特征相关。创新战略和模仿战略并不存在孰优孰劣,是一定约束条件下新创企业战略决策的结果。     

转型环境下创业战略与新创企业竞争优势关系研究

创新战略有利于企业构建新的价值链，模仿战略是对市场已有价值链的补充，现有研究主要关注创新战略，对模仿战略关注不足，实践中很多新创企业通过模仿战略实现创业成功。特别地，中国转型环境下制度不完善造成的不良竞争环境会制约创新战略，促进模仿战略。然而，实践中这两种战略对新创企业均存在积极影响，选择创新战略还是模仿战略事关新创企业创业成败。考察技术、市场环境和制度环境特征，剖析不同技术和市场环境下不良竞争对创新战略和模仿战略的调节作用。利用153份新创企业样本研究发现：创新战略和模仿战略均有利于竞争优势，但不同环境特征下作用效果存在差异。不良竞争对模仿战略的影响与技术、市场环境特征不相关；对创新战略的影响与技术、市场环境特征相关。创新战略和模仿战略并不存在孰优孰劣，是一定约束条件下新创企业战略决策的结果。     

企业伦理、绿色创业导向与竞争优势关系研究——以新创科技型企业为例

随着企业伦理道德缺失、环境污染等问题的不断涌现,人们对企业伦理、绿色创业等主题日益重视。通过对企业伦理、绿色创业导向和新创科技型企业竞争优势间的影响关系进行实证研究,得出以下结论:企业伦理对绿色创业导向和新创科技型企业竞争优势均产生正向影响,绿色创业导向对新创科技型企业竞争优势产生正向影响,绿色创业导向在企业伦理对新创科技型企业竞争优势的影响中发挥中介作用。基于新创科技型企业的成长特点,刻画了企业伦理-战略-竞争优势间的内在联系,并针对性地提出了对策建议。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Forecasting the price of gold

This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.