异乐定联合倍他乐克治疗稳定型心绞痛疗效观察

目的异乐定联合倍他乐克治疗稳定型心绞痛的临床疗效。方法将100例患者随机分成两组,在给予肠溶阿司匹林、麝香保心丸基础上,治疗组加用异乐定及倍他乐克;对照组加用消心痛。6周为一疗程,观察两组疗效。结果治疗组对稳定型心绞痛缓解总有效率为92.0%,对照组为76.0%,治疗组明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。对ECG改善的有效率分别为72.0%和42.0%,均相差显著(P<0.05);且未见明显的不良反应。结论异乐定联合倍他乐克治疗稳定型心绞痛疗效显著,值得临床推广。     

长期服用阿司匹林患者急诊颅脑手术策略

目的探讨长期口服阿司匹林患者急诊颅脑手术方法。方法对我院2009年3月至2012年6月收治的长期服用阿司匹林并接受急诊颅脑手术患者81例(观察组)的临床资料进行回顾性分析,并将同期未服用阿司匹林的急诊颅脑手术患者675例作为对照组,记录两组患者术后出现原出血量增多或颅内出血、硬膜外引流量等情况并进行对比分析。结果术后原出血量增多或颅内出血发生率,观察组和对照组分别为23.4%和3.7%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。硬膜外引流例数和平均硬膜外引流量两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论长期服用阿司匹林并接受急诊颅脑手术患者,在手术治疗中应以微创治疗为主且术中需要放置引流管,若病情允许应尽可能延缓手术治疗。     

疏血通注射液治疗冠心病不稳定型心绞痛31例疗效观察

目的就疏血通注射液治疗冠心病不稳定型心绞痛31例进行疗效观察。方法选择我院2004年1月～2006年8月不稳定型心绞痛患者61例,随机分成治疗组(31例)和对照组(30例)。对照组口服倍他乐克、心痛定、消心痛、肠溶阿司匹林等药物,每日静滴20ml复方丹参注射液。治疗组在此基础上加用250ml含量为5%GS+6ml疏血通注射液,每日静滴一次,一个疗程为15天。结果两组在治疗后血流变学变化,具有较为明显的差异(P<0.05),无1例患者出现明显毒副反应,治疗组治疗前、后的血流变学变化,具有较明显差异(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,治疗组在心电图改善和临床症状缓解方面效果显著,具有明显的差异(P<0.05)。结论疏血通注射液治疗冠心病不稳定型心绞痛较为安全、有效,毒副作用小,无较为严重的并发症和不良反应,属于较有效的中药制剂,值得深入推广应用。     

评估拜阿司匹林对经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管肿瘤患者相关性血栓的预防作用

目的评估拜阿司匹林对经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管肿瘤患者相关性血栓的预防作用。方法选取来我院接受经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管(PICC)的肿瘤患者180例,将患者进行随机分为观察组和对照组两组,每组各90例。对照组患者在完成置管之后,给予常规的PICC置管护理;观察组患者在对照组患者的基础上,再给予口服拜阿司匹林进行预防,拜阿司匹林100mg,1次/天,连续服用21天。结果观察组患者静脉炎的发生率为3.3%,显著低于对照组患者的8.9%,比较差异具有统计学意义(P=0.025)。观察组患者血栓的发生率为0%,显著低于对照组患者的1.7%,比较差异具有统计学意义(P=0.025)。结论口服拜阿司匹林能够降低经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管肿瘤患者血栓和静脉炎的发生率,值得在临床上进行推广应用。     

162例偏头痛患者的临床治疗效果分析

目的探讨阿司匹林和尼莫地平在治疗偏头痛患者中的效果,从而为偏头痛的治疗寻找科学途径。方法选取本院自2012年1月至2013年6月门诊收治的偏头痛患者162例,按照随机原则将其分为两组,观察组给予阿司匹林,对照组给予尼莫地平,6周后观察两组患者的治疗效果、并发症发生率和随访半年后的复发率,并进行对比。结果观察组患者总有效率明显高于对照组,且并发症发生率低于对照组,经半年内随访,观察组的复发率明显低于对照组(P<0.05),具有统计学意义。结论在对偏头痛患者治疗时,服用阿司匹林疗效明显优于尼莫地平,且复发率较低,该方法值得临床推广和应用。     

氯吡格雷联合阿司匹林治疗短暂性脑缺血发作临床分析

目的评价短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)患者应用氯吡格雷联合阿司匹林治疗的临床疗效及不良反应。方法对符合入选标准的80例TIA患者,随机分为治疗组40例,对照组40例,治疗组患者采用氯吡格雷联合阿司匹林,对照组患者采用阿司匹林,两组患者均辅以改善循环、调节血脂等治疗方法,均持续治疗3个月。结果两组患者的临床总有效率比较,治疗组明显高于对照组,P<0.05,具有统计学意义。两组患者不良反应无显著性差异。结论氯吡格雷联合阿司匹林治疗TIA患者疗效确切,且显著降低脑梗死发生的风险,无严重不良反应,对于预防急性脑梗死的发生具有重要意义。     

麝香保心丸治疗冠心病心绞痛伴高脂血症临床研究

目的探讨麝香保心丸治疗冠心病心绞痛伴高脂血症的临床疗效及研究。方法治疗组患者在接受治疗期间均给予麝香保心丸口服,每次服2粒,每日3次,对照组患者在治疗期间服用硝酸酯类、肠溶阿司匹林等药物,每日3次。治疗期间停止服用其它药物,定期复查。两组疗程均为3个月。观察麝香保心丸的治疗效果。结果治疗组总有效率为96%;对照组总有效率为77%。治疗组的临床疗效显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论麝香保心丸治疗冠心病心绞痛伴高脂血症,由于其价格经济、服用方便、服用后不良反应少等特点,并且有效率更高,值得推广。     

对比分析经皮冠状动脉介入疗法及药物疗法对于冠状动脉临界狭窄病变的长期疗效

目的：探讨对比经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）疗法和药物疗法（MT）对冠状动脉临界狭窄病变的长期疗效。方法选取2013年我院收治的冠状动脉临界狭窄病变患者260例,将其随机分为两组。观察组患者采用药物治疗,根据TIMI危险评分为患者划分危险等级。低危组患者给予口服阿司匹林并定期随访;中危组患者给予口服阿司匹林和氯吡格雷联合用药1个月,同时服用β受体阻滞剂,并静脉给予硝酸酯类药物,皮下注射低分子肝素;高危组患者给予口服阿司匹林和氯吡格雷1年,皮下注射低分子量肝素。对照组患者采用冠状动脉介入疗法,支架置入按照标准介入技术操作完成。治疗后进行随访。结果260例冠状动脉临界狭窄病变患者,随访时间为（30±6）个月,结果显示对照组患者发生MACE（靶血管再形成术、非致命性心肌梗死、心源性死亡）、稳定型心绞痛和靶血管重建率均与观察组相当,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 TIMI 积分危险分级对患者预后有较强的预测作用,冠状动脉介入疗法并不能降低患者MACE的发生率,对于冠状动脉临界狭窄病变的患者可采用加强冠心病2级预防、教育强化与药物治疗。     

联合丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠注射液治疗不稳定型心绞痛疗效观察

目的观察在常规西医治疗基础上联合使用丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠注射液治疗冠心病中不稳定型心绞痛的临床疗效及安全性。方法 2011年11月至2012年10月对80例不稳定型心绞痛患者随机分为两组,对照组40例采用常规西医西药治疗,治疗组在对照组常规西医西药治疗基础上联合使用丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠注射治疗,均治疗4w为一个疗程。观察两组患者心绞痛缓解、发作频率、持续时间及心电图的改善情况变化。结果心绞痛缓解总有效率治疗组为90.0%,对照组为60.0%,两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05);治疗组治疗后心绞痛发作频率、持续时间均有减少,相比较治疗前均有显著性差异(P<0.05),而且同对照组治疗后相比较,也有显著性差异(P<0.05);心电图改善总有效率治疗组为87.5%,对照组为75.0%,两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论联合使用丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠注射液能明显改善不稳定型心绞痛患者心绞痛症状及心肌缺血,疗效安全,值得临床推广。     

乐脉颗粒治疗不稳定型心绞痛疗效评价

目的探讨乐脉颗粒治疗不稳定型心绞痛的疗效评价。方法选取我院2012年3月~2013年4月所收治的126例不稳定型心绞痛的青壮年患者,随机将其分为对照组(60例)和观察组(66例),对照组患者按照不稳定型心绞痛常规用药治疗,但需停用2周以上硝酸脂类抗心肌缺血药物。若治疗后,不能自行缓解心绞痛症状,加服硝酸甘油。而观察组在其基础上给予乐脉颗粒治疗,若效果不佳,则择期行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗。结果观察组患者治疗后硝酸甘油耗量、心悸、胸痛、胸闷、发作频率较治疗前都得到了较为明显下降(P<0.01),两组比较具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。乐脉颗粒在本组患者中未出现任何异常现象,与对照组相比,观察组血脂、血糖、肾功能、肝功能等各项生化指标无明显差异。结论乐脉颗粒治疗冠心病不稳定型心绞痛安全、有效,但长期使用是否能减少心血管事件,降低死亡率,改善患者预后仍需进一步研究。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Forecasting the price of gold

This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.