我国科技投入与经济增长的T型关联度分析

根据我国2000-2007年间的统计数据,对科技投入与经济增长间的T型关联度进行了计算和分析。研究结果表明:R&D经费投入、技术引进和科技人员投入与经济增长均有正关联关系;R&D经费投入对经济增长的影响最显著,其中企业R&D经费投入作用最明显,而独立的研究和开发机构R&D经费投入作用最弱。说明企业已经成为我国科技创新的主体,研发机构在促进科技进步方面还有待加强。科技人员投入的影响不显著,技术引进的影响很弱,还需采取措施加强这两方面对我国经济增长的促进作用。     

技术创新与经济增长:基于结构方程模型的路径分析

技术创新是经济发展的基本动力。文章使用2009—2013年中国27个省、市的面板数据,运用结构方程模型综合分析了技术创新对经济增长的影响。研究表明:专利申请和研发投入对经济增长具有显著的正向影响,影响程度分别为0.196、0.804。相对于专利申请,研发投入对经济增长的影响程度更大,其中研发人员数为0.405、研发经费为0.399。本研究揭示了技术创新单项衡量指标专利申请量、专利授权量、专利有效数、研发经费、研发人员数对经济增长的影响,说明了发挥技术创新对经济增长的推动效应中研发经费投入与人才引进的重要性。     

我国企业研发投入及外资企业影响启示

本文针对我国目前研发经费大量增长,投入构成以外资企业经费增长高于内资企业的特点,分析了我国研发投入格局转变带来的成果影响,并透过外资企业研发成果外溢效果不明显的现状提出了从规范外资企业科技活动的角度促进我国完善科技创新的策略,使我国的科技自主创新实现真正的飞跃指日可待。     

我国企业研发投入及外资企业影响启示

本文针对我国目前研发经费大量增长,投入构成以外资企业经费增长高于内资企业的特点,分析了我国研发投入格局转变带来的成果影响,并透过外资企业研发成果外溢效果不明显的现状提出了从规范外资企业科技活动的角度促进我国完善科技创新的策略,使我国的科技自主创新实现真正的飞跃指日可待.     

研发投入对地区工业发展影响的实证分析

自改革开放以来,我国各省市的经济发展水平都有了显著提高,但同时地区间的发展水平也在不断扩大。现代经济增长理论认为,经济增长主要取决于知识积累和技术进步,而后两者则又取决于在研发方面的投入。实证分析结果表明,导致我国地区工业发展差距产生的主要原因是各地区人均研发经费投入的不同,而与研发经费投入强度则没有显著的相关关系。因此在努力增加研发经费投入、建设创新型国家的过程中,相对于研发经费投入强度,我们更应该关注每名科技人员所获得的经费量的增长。     

中外研发资金配置比较研究

新经济增长理论认为,技术进步是经济增长的源泉和动力,技术的进步有赖于研发资金的投入,作为研发投入强度不大的发展中国家,我国对研发经费的投入还是很有限的。因此,如何合理配置有限的研发经费资源是摆在我们面前的一个紧迫课题,研发经费的合理配置,首先是要在三大研发主体和三大研发活动之间进行合理的配置,以提高研发经费的利用效率。     

研发投入、研发产出对技术市场活跃度的影响

以研发经费投入、研发人力投入为自变量,以研发专利、研发课题和技术市场活跃度为因变量,通过对《中国科技统计年鉴（2010—2014）》年相关数据进行回归分析,揭示了研发投入、研发产出与技术市场活跃度之间的因果关系。研究使用逐步回归分析方法,分析了各因素对技术市场活跃度的影响。结果显示,研发人力投入、研发经费投入、研发专利与研发课题在影响技术市场活跃度方面存在显著差异。最后,对研究结果进行了分析讨论。     

研发投入、研发产出对技术市场活跃度的影响——基于省级面板数据的实证分析

以研发经费投入、研发人力投入为自变量,以研发专利、研发课题和技术市场活跃度为因变量,通过对《中国科技统计年鉴(2010—2014)》年相关数据进行回归分析,揭示了研发投入、研发产出与技术市场活跃度之间的因果关系。研究使用逐步回归分析方法,分析了各因素对技术市场活跃度的影响。结果显示,研发人力投入、研发经费投入、研发专利与研发课题在影响技术市场活跃度方面存在显著差异。最后,对研究结果进行了分析讨论。     

区域科技投入与经济增长关系的实证分析

构建灰色关联度模型实证分析发现:科技经费投入、科技活动人员投入对产业经济增长有显著作用。进行区域科技投入与产业经济关系聚类分析可把我国分为三类典型区域。对于第一类地区,科技经费投入,尤其是R&D经费对第三产业的投入效率更高,在该类地区应加大科技经费的投入;对于第三类地区,R&D人员全时当量对第一产业的投入效率更高,在该类地区应加大科技活动人员的投入。     

基于灰色关联的福建科技投入与GDP增长分析

科技投入与经济增长的关系一直是备受关注的课题,文章从狭义科技投入出发,选取2001-2008年福建省相关数据,利用灰色关联分析方法,分析福建省科技经费投入总量、财政科技经费拨款、R&D经费投入、企业科技经费投入与福建省GDP之间的关联性,并据此提出建议.     

企业诚信意识与思想政治工作调研及对策思考

在对福建省企业诚信意识与思想政治工作调研的基础上,提出构建可操作的“三层次四模块”诚信意识培育新模式,推进人本化管理理念的渗透,加强人文关怀和心理疏导,以实现思想政治工作诚信意识培育的目标。     

中国经济的内外均衡与财税改革

我国经常项目持续的大规模顺差,给国民经济的健康发展带来一系列的不利影响。在前人研究的基础上,通过对各种影响因素进行分类拆解,本文试图从理论和实证角度说明长期的储蓄-消费失衡是造成我国贸易顺差的一个重要原因,而其背后的根本原因是由于企业可支配收入相对于劳动者报酬不断提高带来的收入结构和储蓄结构失衡。我国当前企业未分配收入大幅增长的原因可以归结为企业利润率"虚高"和国企"不分红"问题。只有从体制上解决这个问题,才能使储蓄降低到适当的水平,通过拉动内需消除我国过大的贸易顺差,从根本上解决内外经济比例失衡问题。     

美国、日本产业政策:比较分析与启示

现阶段,在吸取美国、日本经验的基础上,我国产业结构调整应主要依靠市场机制进行调节,同时辅之以宏观政策,尽快使我国的产业结构优化,即产业结构的合理化、高级化。     

Homogeneity and Heterogeneity Within and Across Boundaries and Shorelines: Ensemble of Darwin's Finches and Human Transaction Types

Synopsis: In the most famous example of the biological process of adaptive radiation, two forces explain the fourteen distinct species of Darwin's finches on the Galápagos and Cocos Islands: First, populations adapt to their respective distinct ecological environments. Second, previously separated populations come in contact and may adapt to mitigate inter-species competition. The result is a complex pattern of homogeneity and heterogeneity among the birds, both on a single island and across islands. This pattern reflects the finches' adaptations both to the distinct ecological conditions created by the visible shorelines that separate the islands' niches and to the finches' own less-visible cultural and societal shorelines. The New Institutional Economics highlights the fact that human institutional infrastructures also exhibit complex homogeneities and heterogeneities, as we adapt those infrastructures to accomplish the tasks at hand in distinct geographic and societal contexts. Mixes of both state enforcement and self-enforcement, through inter-temporal, inter-issue, and inter-actor linkages, provide support and enforcement for transactions; and those mixes differ across transactions and across states. When transactions occur across state or cultural shorelines, institutional infrastructures must be flexible enough to accommodate those differences, without allowing the differences to become disguised protectionism or barriers to competition. These issues contribute to many of the regulatory disputes associated with ‘globalization’. We briefly consider two concrete recent examples: (1) the European Union–United States ‘Safe Harbor’ Agreement that regulates firms' policies toward Internet-data privacy; and (2) international trade policy negotiations over regulation of ‘geographical indications’ (for example, Champagne or Roquefort) as means of assuring product quality for processed foods. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Sen and Commons on Markets and Freedom

Amartya Sen's enlarged conception of freedom has augmented the scope of economic analysis but it also has had the surprising effect of being more supportive of the free market than conventional welfare economics. It is argued here that a comparison of Sen's position with that of the American institutionalist, J R Commons, highlights some problems with Sen's approach and points to possible ways in which they might be addressed.     

Automation and inequality with taxes and transfers

Declines in low-skill labour shares are reviewed, and a stylised model is constructed to examine their determinants and future implications. A retrospective analysis of US shocks suggests that technological change has contributed more to raising income inequality and the wealth to GDP ratio than other changes. An anticipated future twist away from low-skill labour toward the capital, combined with population growth, risks high unemployment rates. Productivity growth at twice the pace since 1990 limits this, though inequality persists. Analysis shows that a generalisation of the US ‘earned income tax credit’ system with consumption tax outperforms alternatives of the ‘universal basic income’.     

森林资源规划设计调查总结与反思

森林资源规划设计调查是为国家、地区及森林经营单位制定林业方针政策,编制林业区划、规划、计划,指导林业生产而提供基础资源数据,为实现森林资源合理经营、科学管理、永续利用、持续发展,充分发挥森林生态效益、经济效益、社会效益服务。森林资源调查的任务是全面查清森林资源数量、质量变化及其消长变化状况、规律,进行综合分析和评价,准确提供所需有关森林资源调查成果资料。基于森林资源二类调查的重要性和今后调查工作顺利开展的需要,调查之后的总结与反思尤为重要。     

Human rights and political and economic instability

The purpose of this paper is to use cross country regression analysis on a large set of countries from around the world for the year 2007 to test the hypothesis that greater instability, political or economic leads to reduced levels of human rights. The results of the paper＇s econometric analysis tend to support the hypothesis that increased levels of either political instability or economic instability are detrimental to human rights within countries.     

Classical and Neoclassical harmonies and dissonances

Abstract

Proofs are given that only singularly can real 1750 – 2007 competitive price ratios be ‘natural', in the sense of being invariant under changes in demand tastes. Proofs are given that both 1750 – 1870 discrete technologies or 1890 – 2007 continuum technologies, with convexity properties sufficient for arbitrage-proof supply-demand equilibria, will be ‘intertemporally Pareto optimal', immune to leaving any deadweight (inefficient) losses on the table. Sraffa (1960), ignoring the vast post-1945 linear and non-linear programming mathematical literature of Danzig, Kuhn-Tucker-Bellman, von Neumann, Ramsey literature does not quite arrive at attainable distribution solutions. Where it tolerates increasing or decreasing returns to scale, there can be no competitive equilibria. When its matrix equations do obey first-degree-homogeneous functions, the book's stress on Basics or non-Basics is an irrelevancy leading to bizarre novel interpretations of Ricardo.

Old age overtakes us all. Alas, Sraffs's proposed critique of twentieth century political economy we will never be able to know.