B2C交易模式下的闭环供应链模型研究

整合传统的正向供应链与退货回收的逆向供应链,在集中式决策和分散式决策条件下对模型进行求解,计算出不同决策条件下新产品和再制品的最优零售价、闭环供应链或者制造商和电子商务企业的最优利润。在整个模型的求解和分析过程中,探究不同决策条件下退货回收价、退货量、退货回购价等对最优零售价或者最优批发价的影响,并将集中式决策条件下最优零售价和闭环供应链总利润与分散式决策条件下相应的最优零售价和制造商与电子商务企业的最优利润之和进行比较,研究发现集中式决策的利润优于分散式决策。     

闭环供应链回收渠道的选择——以价格为决策变量的博弈分析

基于单一制造商和单一零售商构成的闭环供应链系统，以产品批发价和回收转移价格为制造商的决策变量，市场回收价为回收方的决策变量，对不同回收模型进行了博弈分析，得到闭环供应链成员的最优定价策略和最终利润，并进一步对不同回收成本下制造商的最优选择进行了分析。     

需求不确定下零售商主导的供应链间价格竞争模式研究

研究了不确定市场需求下两条供应链间的价格竞争,每条供应链均由一个风险中性的制造商和一个风险厌恶的零售商组成,其中零售商是领导者,制造商是跟随者,分析了两条供应链均分散式决策、均集中式决策和一条供应链分散式决策另一条供应链集中式决策三种竞争模式下供应链成员的最优决策,比较了各种模式下的均衡零售价格和期望收益。结果表明,供应链的占优竞争模式选择与市场需求的不确定性和竞争激烈程度有关。     

利他偏好下考虑回收质量不确定的闭环供应链定价决策

考虑回收产品质量不确定性与回收商努力水平,构建了利他中性的分散决策、制造商利他偏好的分散决策以及集中决策模型。分别求解了三种决策模型的最优决策,探讨制造商对回收商利他偏好对闭环供应链定价决策的影响。研究表明：回收产品的可再制造比例和回收努力效应与废旧产品回收量、产品市场需求量和闭环供应链利润呈正相关;制造商利他偏好能够提高零售商、回收商和闭环供应链系统的总体利润,但会降低制造商利润;回收商努力水平和回收价格随着制造商利他偏好程度的增加而增加。当制造商利他偏好系数较高时,回收价格高于集中决策下的回收价格,这与传统“集中决策下回收价格最高”的观点不同。     

电子商务环境下供应链的最优销售渠道策略

在电子商务环境下,考虑了网络直销和传统零售两种销售渠道,建立了同时考虑价格和服务水平的双渠道供应链模型,研究了集中式和分散式供应链的最优销售渠道策略,探讨了双渠道供应链成员的销售价格和服务水平决策、制造商和零售商的利润分配以及销售渠道的选择等,并应用Stackelberg博弈理论,分析了占优制造商的最优销售渠道选择策略。     

有限产能下闭环供应链最优定价及产能调整策略

把产能作为闭环供应链决策的制约条件，研究了制造商处在领导地位的闭环供应链决策问题。研究发现当产能充足时，闭环供应链的最优利润与产能无关，只是与再制造成本节省、回收难易系数、原材料制造成本等因素有关；当产能不足时，闭环供应链的最优利润随产能的增加而增加，制造商要增加利润必须扩大产能，最后利用产能的影子价格给出了产能投资的单位成本。     

市场需求和竞争对供应链绩效的影响

假设市场需求函数是线性的,分析了两种情形下供应链间的价格竞争。在第一种情形中,供应链是集中式决策的;在第二种情形中,供应链是分散式决策的,即制造商和零售商独立进行决策。研究了不同的价格竞争水平和潜在市场需求对供应链成员绩效的影响,结果表明,在一定的价格竞争水平下,潜在的市场需求变异系数能决定分散式供应链是否优于集中式供应链。     

有限产能下闭环供应链最优定价及产能调整策略

把产能作为闭环供应链决策的制约条件,研究了制造商处在领导地位的闭环供应链决策问题.研究发现当产能充足时,闭环供应链的最优利润与产能尢关.只是与再制造成本节省、回收难易系数、原材料制造成本等因素有关;当产能不足时,闭环供应链的最优利润随产能的增加面增加,制造商要增加利润必须扩大产能,最后利用产能的影子价格给出了产能投资的单位成本.     

含有主从零售商的供应链Groves批发价格契约

研究了含有一个制造商、一个主导零售商和多个从属零售商的供应链协调问题,分析了供应链集中式决策时的最优零售价格和服务水平。然后利用Groves批发价格契约来协调供应链,得出了Groves批发价格契约下制造商的最优决策、主导零售商和从属零售商的利润,并给出了制造商给予主导零售商的最优批发价格。最后通过一个算例进行分析和验证。     

含有主从零售商的供应链Groves批发价格契约

研究了含有一个制造商、一个主导零售商和多个从属零售商的供应链协调问题,分析了供应链集中式决策时的最优零售价格和服务水平。然后利用Groves批发价格契约来协调供应链,得出了Groves批发价格契约下制造商的最优决策、主导零售商和从属零售商的利润,并给出了制造商给予主导零售商的最优批发价格。最后通过一个算例进行分析和验证。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.