太阳能采暖的优势与发展

我国的建筑能耗中,北方寒冷地区的采暖能耗占了相当大的比例.因此,建筑节能降耗以及可再生能源的利用引起人们的广泛重视.太阳能作为一种可再生的清洁能源,近年来在建筑中的利用受到关注.     

寒冷地区的居住建筑节能设计研究

节约能源是我国的基本国策,建设节约型社会是我们目前的主要发展方针,也是走可持续发展道路的重要途径.我国建筑用能已达到全国能源消费总量32%左右,建筑节能刻不容缓.我国北方城镇采暖能耗占全国建筑总能耗的36%,为建筑能源消耗的最大组成部分.单位面积采暖平均能耗折合标准煤为20kg/㎡·年,为北欧等同纬度条件下建筑采暖能耗的2~4倍.因此严寒寒冷地区也是我国建筑节能工作的重点.     

浅析采暖住宅建筑设计中的节能设计

建筑节能就是降低建筑使用能耗,提高能源利用效率,保护环境,需要大力提倡建筑节能.采暖住宅建筑节能是一项系统工程,涉及到建筑设计、设备设计、运行管理等方面,笔者就从建筑设计的角度浅析采暖住宅建筑的一些节能措施.     

住宅建筑中的节能技术应用

文章论述了住宅建筑节能技术的应用,从改善住宅建筑的室内热环境、提高住宅的保温隔热性能、提高能源利用效率、降低空调采暖和降温期间的建筑使用能耗,从而降低居民的用电量,改善城市的生态环境的方面进行了分析.     

建筑节能设计重要性的研究

建筑节能即在建筑中合理使用和有效利用能源,不断提高能源利用效率.建筑节能应包括采暖、空调、热水供应、炊事、照明、家用电器等方面的能耗.     

浅谈住宅单体建筑节能设计

一、前言 节能住宅需要通过对建筑的合理设计、合理选材.最大限度的把室内自然温度控制在人体舒适温度范围内,从而为居住者提供健康、舒适、环保的居住空间,降低建筑物的运行能耗. 二、建筑节能的概念 建筑节能是指在建筑物的规划设计、新建改建(扩建)和使用过程中,执行建筑节能标准,采用新型建筑节能材料和建筑节能技术、新工艺、新设备、新产品,提高围护结构的保温隔热性能和建筑物用能系统效率,利用可再生能源,在保证建筑物室内温度的前提下,减少供热采暖、空调照明、热水供应的能耗,并与可再生能源利用,保护生态平衡和改善人居环境紧密结合.     

浅谈民用建筑工程建筑节能的意义与技术措施

建筑节能,就是在建筑中使用保温材料及新型墙体材料,采用合理的采暖方式,达到节约能源、减少能耗、提高能源利用效率.建筑节能的主要技术措施有:节能建筑规划设计、增强围护结构的保温性能、采暖系统及采暖方式节能技术及新的采暖节能技术措施.     

建筑部门典型节能减排技术的成本效益分析

我国目前处于城市建设高峰期,随着城镇化水平和居民生活水平的提高以及新农村建设进程的不断加快,我国人均建筑能耗水平及总能耗和排放在未来一段时期内仍会有较大幅度的提高。文章首先回顾了我国目前建筑运行能耗的现状以及与主要发达国家能耗数据差异,指出我国建筑能耗具有较大的节能减排空间。其次总结了建筑部门节能减排技术的三个方面:提高围护结构的保温隔热性能、提高建筑供热制冷系统及建筑设备能效和开发利用可再生能源。进而基于减排潜力—成本曲线方法,以典型建筑节能减排技术为案例(用发光二极管取代效率较低的照明设备),进行减排成本核算分析,结果显示大规模应用发光二极管替代白炽灯具有良好的环境效益和经济效益。最后对我国未来建筑节能减排工作提出了若干政策建议。     

建筑节能技术探析

建筑节能在减少能耗的同时对减轻大气污染也有着积极作用.因为建筑采暖时会消耗大量能源,从而间接造成了大气污染.随着现代化建设的发展和人民生活水平的提高,舒适的建筑热环境日益成为人们生活的需要,而建筑节能则可以保护生态环境和提高建筑热环境的质量.因此,本文基于此简单对建筑节能技术进行了探析.     

基于节能视角下的建筑设计探析

建筑能耗包括建材生产能耗、建筑施工能耗和建筑使用能耗,其中建筑使用能耗占80-90%。 建筑使用能耗主要包括采暖、通风、空调、照明、炊事燃料、家用电气、热水供应等。建筑节能就是节约建筑物的能源消耗,减少能源损失,提高能源利用率。建筑节能工程关系到国计民生,意义十分重大;同时,对施工而言又是一个相对陌生的领域。施工人员必须加强学习建筑节能工程的相关知识,努力做好建筑节能工程施工工作,为我国的科学发展、和谐发展贡献力量。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Solidified Branding Function: How the Urban Brand Affects a Small Town’s Development? Case Study of Wangqingtuo,Tianjin, China

Chinese small towns are usually developed with single core industry,and the urban brand is the identity of a town that formed with the development of its indust...     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.