公司创业研究知识结构与前沿演进

近年来,关于公司创业的研究文献大量涌现,探索公司创业的关键文献和研究趋势,对于公司创业理论研究和实践活动具有重要意义。利用引文分析工具CiteSpace II,通过绘制科学知识图谱,采用定量和系统的文献综述方法,对各国学者发表的公司创业文献进行梳理,探寻领域内关键文献,展示研究主题演进轨迹,并分析研究前沿的重要文献,最后对公司创业未来研究方向进行展望。     

公司创业研究知识结构与前沿演进——基于Citespace Ⅱ的知识图谱计量研究

近年来,关于公司创业的研究文献大量涌现,探索公司创业的关键文献和研究趋势,对于公司创业理论研究和实践活动具有重要意义。利用引文分析工具CiteSpace Ⅱ,通过绘制科学知识图谱,采用定量和系统的文献综述方法,对各国学者发表的公司创业文献进行梳理,探寻领域内关键文献,展示研究主题演进轨迹,并分析研究前沿的重要文献,最后对公司创业未来研究方向进行展望。     

低碳技术创新管理研究回顾及展望

通过对万方数据库引文索引(WanFangData)和中国知网引文索引(CNKI)数据库进行检索所得文献进行分析,对目前我国低碳技术创新管理研究的期刊文献发展状况作了较为全面的综述。将低碳技术创新文献分时间序列、各数据库收录统计分析、研究层次分析、研究机构和基金资助状况、研究学科领域、论文引用率和主要研究主题7个方面归类综述。基于对文献的分析结果,对低碳技术创新管理研究的不足和未来发展趋势进行了预测,希望能对我国相关研究者或从业者提供一定的帮助。     

基于地区差异女性创业融资研究

当前中国女性创业发展迅速,成为经济发展中的活跃力量。资金来源是创业的首要因素,然而,女性创业过程中面临的一大重要问题就是资金问题。如何解决融资障碍成为提升女性创业绩效的重点课题。文章运用文献查阅和走访调查的方法,对我国女性创业融资的现状进行了描述,从内部环境和外部环境两个角度分析了女性创业融资存在的问题,并针对性提出了解决方案。     

制度与社会创业:基于文献的整合框架

社会创业是深嵌于制度情境中的独特创业活动,二者之间的复杂关联是当前社会创业研究的焦点。已有文献对这一问题的探索不仅主题零散,也缺乏一个整合性研究框架。本文运用系统文献综述法对过去30年管理学和创业学主流学术期刊文献进行梳理,概括了四个主要研究议题,即制度对社会创业选择、过程和绩效的影响以及社会创业对制度变革的促进。在此基础上,整合创业研究的“情境-行为-结果”和“情境-思维-行为”两种研究范式,提出了制度与社会创业双向互动的“制度-认知-行为-结果”(简称ICBO)的跨层次分析框架。最后,基于中国情景的历史特征与数字化新兴实践提出了未来研究展望和建议。本文研究有助于深化对社会创业制度成因的认识,也有助于推动合意性的社会创业政策制定。     

中国情境下的农民创业研究综述与展望

传统的农民特征与时代发展背景、中国特色情境相互交织,为农民创业带来机遇与挑战,也为农民创业研究带来新的主题.基于国内核心期刊的农民创业研究成果,分析了中国农民的特征及中国情境导致的农民差异,梳理近20年来国内农民创业研究所关注的主流问题.基于前因-过程-结果逻辑,提出了中国特色农民创业研究框架,指出了中国农民创业研究的研究热点和主流问题.在此基础上,对中国农民创业研究的未来方向做了展望.     

国内外政策协调研究热点与趋势——基于CiteSpace V的可视化分析

基于社会科学引文索引(SSCI)和中文社会科学引文索引(CSSCI)来源文献,运用CiteSpace V可视化软件,对可查年份至2019年国内外政策协调研究进行文献计量分析.通过关键词共现、突显率检测和热点主题分析对比国内外研究差异和趋势,发现:政策协调研究范围从金融、货币政策拓展到环境、气候等政策领域;国外研究注重考察政策主体间的协调行为,将制度因素引入政策协调研究,而国内更关注政策协调的机制和效果评价.目前国内外对创新领域的政策协调问题关注不足,未来研究需加强多学科交叉合作,重视基于中国制度特色的创新政策协调研究,助推理论和实践融合.     

女性企业家创业研究综述

近年来,随着社会经济的不断发展,中国女性企业家数量不断增加。在大众创业,万众创新的时代,中国女性企业家面临良好的发展前景和机遇。通过对国内外有关女性企业家创业的相关文献进行归纳梳理,从创业动机、创业障碍、创业环境、创业发展与家庭平衡和创业绩效五个维度进行综述,进一步探究女性企业家未来的研究趋势和方向。     

动态能力理论研究现状与热点的文献可视化分析

动态能力作为企业管理领域的核心理论受到学者广泛关注,但目前国内缺少对其直观可视化的概览性回顾。而且,互联网时代下企业管理环境发生了巨变,亟需对动态能力的理解进行更新。基于文献计量分析方法,应用CiteSpace软件对Web of Science（WOS）和中国知网（CNKI）中以动态能力为主题的文献进行可视化分析并形成知识图谱。结果发现,动态能力研究热度呈逐步上升趋势,美国、中国和欧洲学者是该领域的主要研究力量,动态能力扎根于经济与管理学跨学科研究,Teece、焦豪和魏江等学者为核心研究主体,但也存在发文机构和作者间合作网络较分散的问题。基于分析结果,提出继续加强中国学者在国际上的对话质量;强化学者、机构、国家间合作网络;拓展对新组织现象解释力等3个未来发展趋势。     

创业团队研究:理论框架与观点评述

在创业研究领域,相较于创业个体而言,创业团队是一个更具前沿性和复杂性的研究课题.这主要源于两个方面的原因:一是创业团队的概念界定;二是创业团队的理论基础.创业团队研究作为一个新兴的研究领域目前正处于研究文献虽多、但较为零散的局面.本文基于组织行为研究的“投入-转化-产出”研究范式提出了一个创业团队研究的整合性理论框架,并根据该框架所包含的三个方面内容分别对现有研究成果进行了回顾和梳理,分析了其存在的局限和不足,并指出了未来的一些研究方向和主题.     

Intraday bidirectional volatility spillover across international stock markets: does the global financial crisis matter?

This article studies volatility spillover between the US and the three largest European stock markets (Frankfurt, London and Paris) around the time of the recent Subprime crisis. In order to investigate the impact of the latter, we break our sample down into two sub-periods: a pre-crisis period and a post-crisis period, using a structural break test that has the advantage of endogenously testing for further breaks in the data. Unlike previous studies that have frequently investigated this issue using low frequency data, our article makes use of intraday data. Accordingly, using Threshold generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model estimations, we find weak evidence of volatility transmission between the two regions before the Subprime crisis. However, during the post-crisis period, we record returns and volatility spillover from US to European markets and vice versa at different times of the trading day, indicating that the two regions became more dependent during the recent Subprime crisis, a finding that supports the contagion hypothesis between the US and European stock markets.     

Hours Worked in Europe and the United States: New Data,New Answers*

We use national labor force surveys from 1983 to 2015 to construct hours worked per person on the aggregate level and for different demographic groups for 18 European countries and the United States. We apply a harmonization procedure to measure hours worked consistently across countries and over time. In the recent cross‐section, Europeans work 14 percent fewer hours than US Americans. Differences in weeks worked and in the educational composition each account for one quarter to one half of this gap. In addition, lower hours worked per person than in the United States are driven by lower weekly hours worked in Scandinavia and Western Europe, but by lower employment rates in Eastern and Southern Europe.     

The Role of Multinational Corporations and National States in the Globalization of Innovatory Capacity: The European Perspective

The recent ability of multinational corporations (MNCs) to develop integrated technological networks, increasingly motivated within Europe by the further progress of economic integration, is argued to affect and be affected by national technological competitiveness. This paper examines the precise geographical dispersion of technological activity in Europe by the largest MNCs, and the potential impact of those MNCs on the level and structure of the technological capacity of European home and host countries, using data on patents granted to the world largest firms in the US. Since the late 1980s, the majority of the technological activity conducted in foreign-owned research facilities located in Europe, has taken place in affiliates of European-owned companies. This paper examines whether the much higher degree of internationalization of corporate technology in European MNCs than in their US or Japanese counterparts is attributable to cross-border activity within Europe, or extends to European-owned research facilities in the US and Japan. While intra-European activity matters more for Dutch, Belgian and Swedish MNCs (and in the electrical equipment and computing industries), whose strategies are substantially based on corporate European integration, investments in the US are of greater significance for French and Swiss companies, and of the greatest importance for German and British firms (and in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries), representing a more widely 'globalized' technological strategy.     

The Role of Multinational Corporations and National States in the Globalization of Innovatory Capacity: The European Perspective

The recent ability of multinational corporations (MNCs) to develop integrated technological networks, increasingly motivated within Europe by the further progress of economic integration, is argued to affect and be affected by national technological competitiveness. This paper examines the precise geographical dispersion of technological activity in Europe by the largest MNCs, and the potential impact of those MNCs on the level and structure of the technological capacity of European home and host countries, using data on patents granted to the world largest firms in the US. Since the late 1980s, the majority of the technological activity conducted in foreign-owned research facilities located in Europe, has taken place in affiliates of European-owned companies. This paper examines whether the much higher degree of internationalization of corporate technology in European MNCs than in their US or Japanese counterparts is attributable to cross-border activity within Europe, or extends to European-owned research facilities in the US and Japan. While intra-European activity matters more for Dutch, Belgian and Swedish MNCs (and in the electrical equipment and computing industries), whose strategies are substantially based on corporate European integration, investments in the US are of greater significance for French and Swiss companies, and of the greatest importance for German and British firms (and in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries), representing a more widely ‘globalized’ technological strategy.     

COOPERATIVE ESSENCE AND ENTREPRENEURIAL QUALITY: A COMPARATIVE CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS

This article links two different fields of research, entrepreneurship and cooperatives, and studies whether, depending on the context, differences in terms of the fulfilment of the cooperative philosophy (cooperative essence) and entrepreneurial quality exist. To this aim, a statistical analysis is carried out using data from two Spanish regions: Andalusia and the Basque Country. The results enable us to conclude, firstly, that cooperative essence differs in relation to regional context, but not in relation to entrepreneurial quality. Secondly, cooperative essence and entrepreneurial quality are positively related, suggesting that cooperative essence may be part of the entrepreneurial quality of these kinds of firms.     

The impact of personal bankruptcy law on entrepreneurship

I study the two competing effects of limited personal liability on entrepreneurship in a life‐cycle model: an insurance effect through debt relief in the event of business failure and a borrowing cost effect where the borrowing cost rises with default premiums. I first calibrate the model to the US economy by taking a simplified version of the US Chapter 7 bankruptcy code and then consider the effects of alternative regimes. I find that personal bankruptcy law affects entrepreneurship primarily by altering the decisions of agents with moderate entrepreneurial ability through the insurance effect rather than through the borrowing cost effect.     

基于ISM的大众创业影响因素层次结构研究

梳理了大众创业影响因素的相关研究文献,运用调查问卷和因子分析方法得出了山西省大众创业影响因子,并通过ISM方法构建了山西省大众创业影响因素的递阶结构模型,得到以下结论：政府政策与政府项目因子在大众创业进程中具有基础性作用;个人因子、市场条件因子与政府因子在大众创业过程中均发挥着重要作用;个人自身基础因子是引起大众创业活动的直接原因。从个人、市场、政府3个主体维度全面分析了影响全民创业的具体因素,以山西省为具体研究对象,揭示了大众创业影响因素间的作用机理并提出了相关建议。     

TAXES AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN OECD COUNTRIES

I examine how taxes and tax progressivity affect two different types of entrepreneurship—established business ownership and nascent entrepreneurship—in a large group of Organization for Economic Co‐operation and Development countries, using 2000–2009 macro‐level Global Entrepreneurship Monitor data. Empirical evidence from Arellano‐Bond generalized method of moments estimation suggests that higher tax progressivity exerts a negative influence on nascent enterprises but appears to have no impact on established business ownership. Changes in marginal and average tax rates are found to have no significant influence on either type of entrepreneurship. The most important contribution of the article is the comparison of tax impacts on actual and nascent entrepreneurship rates. (JEL H24, H29, M13, M19)     

互联网发展对企业家精神的影响——基于互联网资源量与普及度双重视角

以2006—2018年中国（内地）30个省区市面板数据为样本，基于企业家创业精神和创新精神两个维度测度区域企业家精神水平，并从互联网资源量和互联网普及度双重视角，全面探究互联网发展对企业家精神的影响。结果表明：互联网资源和互联网普及不仅能够显著推动企业家精神水平提升，而且有利于缩小区域之间的企业家精神差距，互联网可以成为新时代下激发企业家精神的新动能。由面板门槛模型进一步研究发现，互联网发展对企业家精神的影响具有显著非线性门槛特征且存在明显空间异质性。其中，互联网资源对企业家精神的作用呈现正向边际效率递增规律，具有网络效应；互联网普及与企业家精神之间呈现倒U型关系，存在高水平陷阱。据此，提出具有针对性的“互联网＋企业家精神”融合策略。