对现行GDP与绿色GDP的比较分析

本文从GDP的概念出发,提出目前GDP核算的局限性,通过对GDP和绿色GDP在核算方法上进行比较分析,得出绿色GDP核算的合理性,并提出了我国目前实行绿色GDP的现状及存在的难题,最后提出实行绿色GDP核算的相关建议。     

关于绿色GDP核算的几点思考

绿色GDP核算的研究和进展，顺应了当今以实现可持续发展为目标导向的经济社会和人的全面发展的科学观。因此，构建以绿色GDP为核心指标的综合经济与环境核算体系，就成为目前重要而急待解决的课题。为此，我们必须了解绿色GDP的内涵，并形成科学的认识，同时弄清我国推行绿色GDP核算的必要性以及怎样适应即将推行的绿色GDP核算。     

我国绿色GDP核算存在的问题及其对策

文章阐述了目前社会各界关注的绿色GDP核算的研究现状，指出其存在的不足，分析了进行绿色GDP核算的重大难点，并提出核算绿色GDP的几点对策。     

基于绿色GDP的理性思考与对策

GDP为国内生产总值，是一个全面反映国内经济和社会发展规模水平和增长速度的重要宏观经济指标，但长期以来，传统GDP不能真实反映国民经济发展水平，在统计核算上存在明显缺陷和不足．因此有必要建立包含生态指标因素的绿色GDP，然而绿色GDP建立面临着两大难题。本文在借鉴西方国家绿色GDP发展的同时．提出应如何有效建立中国绿色GDP核算体系。     

采用绿色GDP核算的必要性及几点建议

本文在分析以GDP为核心的传统国民经济核算体系弊端的基础上,指出了绿色GDP核算的重要意义,分析了中国实行绿色GDP核算对我国经济、社会发展将产生的积极影响,并提出开展绿色GDP核算的几点建议。     

云南建立绿色GDP核算体系的策略研究

绿色GDP是从GDP中扣除资源和环境耗损成本后得到的国内生产总值。本文在分析国内外绿色GDP研究和应用的基础上，结合云南“建设绿色经济强省”战略目标和开展绿色GDP核算存在的问题，提出了科学研究、中小型试验、公众意识教育、保障体系建设为主要内容的策略，以及制定路线图、明确重点环节和关键技术、构建科研和组织管理体系等措施，以促进云南绿色GDP核算体系建设和发展。     

大力推行绿色GDP核算--基于我国生态环境现状的思考

在大力推行可持续发展理论的背景下．传统的GDP指标受到了越来越多的质疑和批评，绿色GDP指标逐渐走入人们的视线。本文从我国生态环境现状入手．阐述传统GDP指标的局限性，介绍现行的绿色GDP指标核算方法，并分析在我国推行绿色GDP核算面临的难点及对策。     

我国森林绿色核算体系的研究及应用

基于低碳经济和可持续发展背景,森林绿色GDP核算体系是绿色经营思想在林业领域的具体体现。概述了森林绿色GDP核算在国内的研究现状,并对其具体应用中如观念上、制度上、技术上存在的相关问题进行分析,提出了几个方面的改进措施,以此推动我国森林绿色GDP核算体系逐步走向成熟。     

基于资源环境价值补偿的绿色GDP核算——以重庆市为例

为适应高质量发展的时代要求,将资源环境的外部性价值计入GDP核算,构建绿色GDP核算体系。所得到的绿色GDP数值,核减了自然资产损失价值及环境污染损失价值,核增了资源环境改善价值。基于绿色GDP算式,实测了重庆市近十年的绿色GDP数值,发现该市绿色GDP指数呈现明显的提升趋势,佐证了该市生态环境的建设成效。绿色GDP核算彰显了高质量发展的内涵,有助于从根本上扭转破坏式发展的错误导向。     

绿色GDP及其核算

绿色GDP是把自然资源和环境因素纳入核算体系的GDP。若实施绿色GDP核算,对于经济可持续发展和自然资源的保护和永续利用有着重要的意义。文章从绿色GDP的构成、环境会计与绿色GDP、绿色GDP的核算体系、绿色GDP的核算方法及国际经验以及实施绿色GDP对我国发展的意义等五个方面论述了绿色GDP及其核算。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Forecasting the price of gold

This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.