建筑工程投标策略与技巧研究

投标报价是企业成功承揽工程项目的关键环节,而投标报价策略是施工企业经营管理能力的重要体现.本文对投标报价策略及技巧进行了研究,阐述了实施投标报价策略的重要性,分析了我国目前建筑市场上的投标报价策略及技巧,以希望对工程投标报价的实际应用提供一定借鉴.     

浅谈工程量清单计价模式下的投标报价

随着我国建筑市场竞争的日趋激烈，投标报价及竞争策略对于建设企业投标成功具有十分重要的作用，它关系到企业的生存与发展。本文站在投标企业的角度，首先从企业投标报价的概念入手，论述了投标报价方法的重要意义。针对投标企业所处的竞争环境不同，其报价方法也应有所不同的特点，对其进行研究，以满足投标企业适应不同竞争环境下的需要，增强其投标竞争力，以获得更大的收益。     

建设工程投标报价的竞争性分析

投标报价是建筑企业赢得业务从而生存和发展的一个关键环节,投标报价水平是建筑企业经营管理能力的重要体现,在当今竞争激烈、建筑企业的竞争能力同质化严重的建筑市场上,在实力相似的情况下,投标策略行为和技巧成为决定建筑企业竞争胜负的一个决定性因素。     

施工企业投标策略与报价技巧

随着市场经济体制改革的推进和<招标投标法>的实施,市场竞争日趋激烈,投标策略与报价技巧在投标过程中的运用已经越来越成为业内人士研究的重点.本文结合当前建筑市场实际,就建筑施工企业的投标策略与报价技巧提出自己的看法.     

工程量清单计价时投标决策及投标策略

实行工程量清单计价之后 ,投标报价方式改变了过去传统的定额计价方法 ,企业自主报价、合理低报价中标成为投标报价的特点。投标报价对于投标人来说更具挑战性。投标决策和报价策略变得尤为重要。文章认为 ,投标决策是投标的前提 ,投标策略是投标的保证 ,并就此进行深入探讨。     

国际承包工程投标报价的策略

国际承包工程投标报价的策略刘玮孔祥一（沈阳国际经济技术合作公司）投标报价策略是国际承包商经营成败的关键，只有制定出正确的策略，才能在激烈竞争的建筑市场中以最佳的报价取胜，并获得较好的经济效益。选择策略首先要对招标项目慎重选择。国际招标信息多如牛毛，选...     

建筑工程投标策略分析

通过对投标策略的分析,有助于投标企业提高中标率,进而多承接工程,改善企业的生产经营状态。投标策略包括两方面的内容,一是报价策略,一是非报价策略。     

建筑工程投标策略分析

通过对投标策略的分析,有助于投标企业捷高中标率,进而多承接工程,改善企业的生产经营状态.投标策略包括两方面的内容,一是报价策略,一是非报价策略.     

浅谈投标报价策略

投标竞争获胜的关键因素是报价。一个准确的报价 ,不仅要求对招标单位有足够的吸引力 ,而且使建筑施工企业获得一定的甚至是较多的利润。为此 ,施工企业投标时 ,就需要针对一定的工程对象确定具体的报价指导思想 ,并据此确定投标策略。一、制定投标报价策略的要点制定投标策略应根据不同的招标工程的具体情况和竞争形势 ,采取不同的投标策略。不仅不同企业的投标策略不同 ,而且同一企业对不同招标工程所采取的投标策略也不一样。可见 ,投标策略是非常灵活但并非不可捉摸的东西。可以从大量的投标实践中 ,归纳总结出制定投标策略的四个要点 ,…     

浅析工程项目管理中施工项目投标报价的策略

工程项目管理中施工项目投标报价非常重要,投标报价是否科学合理直接关系到竞标是否成功。中铁建企业属于国家企业,经济实力雄厚,施工人员的水平也比较高,投标报价竞争中通常都会有很大优势,但是也不能因此忽视投标报价策略的选择。如果选择一个合理的投标报价策略,不仅能够增加中标的几率,还会获得更多的经济利益。文章主要从注意事项和策略两方面对工程项目管理中施工项目的投标报价进行了分析,仅供参考借鉴。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Solidified Branding Function: How the Urban Brand Affects a Small Town’s Development? Case Study of Wangqingtuo,Tianjin, China

Chinese small towns are usually developed with single core industry,and the urban brand is the identity of a town that formed with the development of its indust...     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

Neurally reconstructing expected utility

While the concept of “expected utility” informs many theories of decision making, little is known about whether and how the human brain might compute this quantity. This article reviews a series of functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) experiments designed to localize brain regions that respond in anticipation of increasing amounts of monetary incentives. These studies collectively suggest that anticipation of increasing monetary gains activates a subcortical region of the ventral striatum in a magnitude-proportional manner. This ventral striatal activation is not evident during anticipation of losses. Actual gain outcomes instead activate a region of the mesial prefrontal cortex. During anticipation of gain, ventral striatal activation is accompanied by feelings characterized by increasing arousal and positive valence. These findings affirm the role of emotion in the anticipation of incentives, and may provide an initial step towards a neural reconstruction of expected utility.