产业技术创新制度环境评价指标体系研究

在对产业技术创新的制度环境的内涵和构成要素进行分析的基础上,构建了产业技术创新制度环境的评价指标体系。这一指标体系的建立对于评价国家和地区之间产业技术创新制度环境的优劣具有极为重要的理论和实践意义。     

环境绩效评估指标体系研究——以云南省为例

环境绩效评估是进行环境管理的重要手段。在本文中,笔者对环境绩效评估指标体系构建方法与原则进行了探讨,并将上述理论应用于云南省,初步构建了云南省环境绩效评估指标体系。     

区域制度环境、上市公司聚集与绩效

制度环境对区域金融乃至经济发展具有举足轻重的作用.上市公司是产业资本和金融资本高度结合的企业组织形式,产业发展水平、金融深化程度、投资者权益保护等区域制度环境影响区域上市公司聚集,并最终影响上市公司绩效差异.以我国不同省份在上海和深圳证券交易所的上市公司为样本,对我国区域制度环境与区域内上市公司聚集数量的相关性,以及区域间上市公司绩效差异性进行实证检验,检验结果支持上述理论分析.研究表明,优化制度环境是提高区域产业化、金融发展水平和改进区域企业绩效与价值的重要途径.     

我国环境审计制度问题评价

健全完善的环境审计制度是提高环境审计"免疫力"的重要保障,文章首先定性分析了目前我国环境审计制度中存在的问题;其次通过专家打分法对目前环境审计制度中存在的问题进行了评价;然后利用综合模糊评价法对环境审计制度存在问题的严重程度进行了定量评价;最后得出我国目前环境审计制度存在的问题"特别严重"的研究结论。     

内部人股权比例与债务期限结构——基于制度环境的分析

制度环境状况会影响债权市场中供求双方的谈判地位,内部人股权比例作用于债务期限结构的机制会随债务期限的决策者不同而产生差异:掌握公司控制权的管理者或控股股东(内部人)的股权比例,在制度环境较差的情况下只是发挥信号作用,内部人与外部人利益的一致性只能发生于制度环境相对较好的情景.因此,内部人股权比例对债务期限结构的影响,在很大程度上依赖于制度环境,制度环境是问题研究所必须考虑的重要影响因子.     

环境管理正式制度与非正式制度研究

经济增长中有两种制度安排:正式制度和非正式制度.正式制度通过法律规定来约束人们的行为;非正式制度通过意识形态、道德潜规则等发挥作用.在环境治理过程中也存在着环境管理的正式制度与非正式制度,二者以不同的形式,对污染治理起到了积极的管制作用.我国环境管理亟需建立正式管理制度与非正式管理制度共同作用的制度体系.     

中国省域制度环境的区域差异及动态演进——基于金融集聚的制度影响因素考察视角

文章基于金融集聚的制度影响因素考察视角,结合制度金融学理论,从"产权制度、市场制度和法律制度"三个维度构建了制度环境评价指标体系,借助熵权法测算出中国省域制度环境指数,并结合Dagum基尼系数和Kernel密度估计考察制度环境的区域差异及动态演进特征.研究发现:中国制度环境存在显著的空间非均衡特征;中国制度环境的总体差异呈继续扩大趋势,区域间差异是造成空间非均衡局面的首要原因;中国制度环境整体不断得以优化,但绝对差异进一步扩大,多极分化问题突出.     

来华留学教育发展的环境优化策略

优良的环境是来华留学教育发展的基础和保障。进一步落实科学的发展观，贯彻“扩大规模、提高层次、保证质量、规范管理”的来华留学教育工作思路；必须建立一整套招生、教学、管理服务等规章制度，创造优良的学校内部调控环境；健全并完善来华留学教育质量评估制度和体系，促进评估制度的规范化和评估指标体系的科学化。     

论促进企业自主创新的制度环境构建

历史证明,推动技术发展的主要力量并非技术自身的演进,而是有利于创新的制度安排.恰当的制度环境是创新的基础、动力和前提,是对经济发展具有决定性作用的重要因素.后发国家所引进的技术能否充分发挥作用与制度文化、人员素质紧密相关.目前,我国制度改革明显滞后于经济的发展,技术创新面临的许多问题都是由制度因素引起的.因此,我们在加大企业技术创新力度的同时,应当更加重视有利于技术创新的制度环境建设和完善.     

环境行政许可制度研究

环境行政许可制度是保护自然资源的合理利用和维护生态平衡的重要途径之一,是防范环境风险最主要的法律制度.因为这一制度便于把影响环境的各种开发、 建设、 排污活动纳入国家统一管理的轨道,把各种影响环境的活动严格限制在国家规定的范围内,使政府能够有效进行环境管理,因而其得到广泛应用.然而由于这一制度的固有缺陷以及缺乏后期监管等问题,仍需进一步进行完善.     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Forecasting the price of gold

This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.