对影响我国粮食生产的因素分析及对策选择

文章采用计量经济分析方法,以1978—2004年中国粮食产量及其重要因素的时间序列为样本,对影响中国粮食生产的多种因素进行了分析。分析结果表明,近年来我国粮食生产主要受到单产提高缓慢、播种面积波动大、农业基础设施投入不足、自然灾害频繁等重要因素的影响。为提高粮食产量、促进粮食生产,首先应该提供一套促进粮食生产的政策措施,提高粮食种植效益,增加粮农收入是根本。在这个前提下,才有可能提高单产、稳定面积、加强基础设施建设、提高抗灾能力,增强我国粮食生产能力和生产稳定性。     

山东省粮食生产影响因素的定量分析

选取与粮食生产有关的九个影响因素,运用灰色关联法和广义生产函数模型对诸因素进行实证分析,量化了粮食总产诸因素的关联作用。分析指出要实现粮食稳产高产,粮食播种面积是根本,单产是有效途径,农田水利建设是保障,农业现代化是重要方面,合理配置农业劳动力,提高农民积极性是动力基础。     

甘肃省粮食产量变化的驱动分析及趋势预测

基于甘肃省1949-2011年的农业生产相关数据,采用小波分析和5年趋势滑动等方法对甘肃粮食产量变化进行多时间尺度分析;利用主成分分析方法探讨了改革开放后粮食生产的主要影响因子;结合甘肃63年粮食总产量的历史数据,建立GM(1,1)模型,对甘肃省未来10年(2012-2021年)的粮食产量进行模拟预测.结果表明:①1949-2011年,甘肃省粮食生产在波动中增长;粮食总产量、人均粮食产量及单产的曲线的动态变化基本吻合;在建国以来63年的时间尺度上,粮食产量变化主要存在38年、23年、15年左右的年代际振荡周期,其中38年左右和23年左右的振荡周期较强烈.②影响粮食生产的4个主要成分分别是社会经济发展水平、自然灾害因子、生态保护及恢复和粮食生产成本.③粮食生产在2012-2021年将保持平稳增长的良性发展态势.     

内蒙古粮食综合生产能力的实证分析

文章运用1988~2009年粮食生产数据,选取粮食播种面积、农牧业机械总动力和单产三个最主要的指标对内蒙古粮食综合生产能力进行分析,认为内蒙古粮食生产仍处于规模收益递增阶段,粮食播种面积和单产是影响粮食综合生产能力最主要的因素,抗灾能力对粮食生产的影响不显著。提高粮食生产能力最根本的途径是加大对粮食生产的投入,依靠科技提高单产,提高粮食复种指数,同时加强抗灾能力建设。     

我国粮食综合生产能力的实证研究

文章运用1983～2005年我国粮食生产的有关数据,选取粮食播种面积和粮食单产这两个最主要的指标对我国粮食综合生产能力进行分析,认为我国粮食生产仍处于规模收益递增阶段,单产是影响我国粮食综合生产能力最主要的因素,其次是粮食播种面积,农业的抗灾能力对粮食生产的影响不显著.因此,提高我国粮食综合生产能力最根本的途径是加大对粮食生产的投入,依靠科技提高单产水平,提高粮食复种指数,同时加强农业抗灾能力建设.     

粮食生产投入与产量关系的协整分析

基于1983~2012年粮食生产投入时间序列数据,构建自向量回归(VAR)模型,运用协整分析与Granger因果关系检验方法,研究粮食生产投入要素与粮食产量的关系。结果表明:有效灌溉面积、粮食播种面积、农业机械总动力、化肥施用量、农业劳动力人口与粮食总产量之间存在着长期协整关系;化肥施用量投入产出效应偏低,稳定粮食播种面积与增加有效灌溉面积是保证粮食总产量的有效途径。农业机械总动力与粮食总产量存在双向的格兰杰因果关系;有效灌溉面积、化肥施用量对粮食总产量存在单向的格兰杰因果关系,有效灌溉面积、合理的化肥施用量对提高粮食产量具有积极意义;农业劳动力人数、粮食播种面积与粮食总产量互不构成格兰杰因果关系,城镇化、科技与政策因素削弱了二者对粮食产量的影响。根据研究结果,进一步提出保障粮食安全的政策建议。     

基于逐步回归分析的粮食产量影响因素研究

影响粮食产量的因素很多,本文利用Eviews6.0统计软件,运用逐步回归分析方法,建立了山东省粮食产量的回归模型,并对影响山东省粮食产量的主要因素进行了分析研究。研究表明,利用逐步回归分析法建立的模型具有很好的拟合效果,最大误差仅为16.5%;影响山东省粮食产量的主要因素为:粮食单产、生产资料价格指数与粮食价格指数比。通过分析得出结论:提高粮食单产是粮食增产的最有效途径;采取适当措施稳定、提高粮食价格,降低农业生产成本,增加种粮补贴来提高农民的种粮积极性,对粮食增产具有重要意义;高度机械化带来农业机械的闲置,农业机械的大量增加在粮食增产上效果并不明显;盲目增加化肥的使用量并不能从根本上增加粮食产量,关键是要提高化肥的利用率。     

河北省耕地质量变化对粮食单产的影响研究

把耕地质量划分为本底质量和追加质量,主要研究耕地追加质量变化对粮食单产变化的影响。通过建立C—D函数模型分析河北省耕地追加质量各影响因素对粮食单产产生的影响;并利用因素贡献率这个概念分析上述各因素对粮食单产在不同阶段贡献的大小。研究表明,耕地追加质量的改善促进的粮食单产的提高,有助于粮食生产的发展。     

农户生产决策视角下我国粮食生产格局变化机制

在理论分析农户种粮决策与成本收益关系的基础上,基于2004—2013年分省统计数据,采用面板数据模型探讨了我国粮食生产格局变化机制。结果表明:北方、中部地区粮食播种面积相对增加,南方、东西部地区粮食播种面积相对减少,粮食生产存在"北进中移"现象。劳动力投入仍是维持粮食生产的重要因素,大规模的非农就业已给全国尤其是东中部地区粮食生产带来了不利影响;相比净利润,现金收益更影响农户种粮决策。粮食单产增加并不必然促进粮食种植面积增加,现有种植规模越大、基础设施越为完善,农户种粮积极性越高。受资源禀赋、非农就业、种植结构、基础设施等因素影响,各区域粮食生产格局变化原因存在一定差异。     

中国农业防减灾投入效应与对策研究——基于粮食安全的视角

自然灾害是影响我国粮食安全的主要不利因素.加大农业防灾减灾投入力度是提高粮食生产能力保障中国粮食安全的有效途径.文章选择1991-2006年的数据,采用协整分析的方法,对中国农业防灾减灾投入与粮食单产之间的关系进行了实证研究.结论认为中国主要的农业防减灾投入项目与粮食单产之间具有长期正向的均衡关系,但各类投入的总量和结构都需要进一步优化.     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Solidified Branding Function: How the Urban Brand Affects a Small Town’s Development? Case Study of Wangqingtuo,Tianjin, China

Chinese small towns are usually developed with single core industry,and the urban brand is the identity of a town that formed with the development of its indust...     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.