基于STIRPAT模型的甘肃省建筑业碳排放及其影响因素

基于IPCC碳排放计算指南,从生命周期理论出发,将间接碳排放纳入建筑业碳排放测算框架中,测算了2000—2013年甘肃省建筑业碳排放量,并运用STIRPAT模型对甘肃省建筑业碳排放的影响因素进行了分析。结果表明:(1)甘肃省建筑业碳排放量呈波动增长态势,间接碳排放量占主导;(2)煤炭、柴油、汽油等化石燃料消耗是造成直接碳排放的主要来源,水泥、钢材等建筑材料消费是间接碳排放的主要来源;(3)建筑业从业人数、城市化率、建筑业人均GDP、建筑业生产总值、碳排放强度等的变化都促进了建筑业碳排放量的增长,其中城市化率、碳排放强度的影响较大,而建筑业技术装备率的变化则抑制了建筑业碳排放量的增长,但影响不大。     

基于协整检验的江苏省碳排放强度影响因素分析

文章首先利用pearson关联度分析,从可能影响江苏省碳排放强度的七个因素中筛选出与碳排放强度相关度最高的前三个变量:能源强度、第三产业比重和外贸依存度,然后采用协整分析方法研究三个变量和碳排放强度之间的长期均衡关系,得到协整模型和向量误差修正模型,同时进行脉冲响应函数和方差分解分析.结论为江苏省碳排放强度与能源强度、第三产业比重之间存在正向影响关系,碳排放强度与外贸依存度之间存在负向影响关系.鉴于分析结果,建议从提高能源效率、第三产业低碳化和优化对外贸易结构三个方面降低江苏省碳排放强度.     

中国石灰产业碳排放影响因素分析及趋势预测

基于LMDI模型，以2001—2012年中国经济人口发展及石灰产业碳排放数据为样本，从5个方面对石灰产业的碳排放影响因素进行分解研究。结果表明，技术发展效应、经济增长效应以及人口规模效应是影响石灰产业碳排放量变化的主要因素，且影响趋势有所不同。基于GM(1,1)模型对中国石灰产业未来碳排放量进行预测，2030年排放量预测将达到4.48亿t。基于影响因素分析及碳排放趋势预测结果，从技术创新、政策制定等方面对中国石灰产业的低碳发展提出建议。     

城市化、工业化对中国区域碳排放影响研究——基于空间DURBIN模型的实证分析

在测算30个省市1997-2011年的二氧化碳排放量的基础上,运用空间DURBIN模型分析了我国区域碳排放的空间聚敛性,量化分析了5个变量对碳排放的影响以及5个空间滞后变量在相邻区域碳排放之间形成的溢出或挤出效应。研究发现城镇化率、能源强度、建筑业总产值及规模以上工业产值等指标均对碳排放有显著影响;城镇化率、能源强度及规模以上工业产值的空间溢出或挤出效应对相邻区域碳排放产生了不同程度的影响。     

老龄化与碳排放：消费效应还是生产效应？——基于2002-2017年中国省级面板数据的实证研究

人口老龄化是经济增长的一大阻碍,它对碳排放的影响是做出环境政策抉择的关键因素.以中国2002—2017年的省级面板数据为研究样本,从理论与实证两个层面分析人口老龄化与碳排放的关系及影响机制.一方面,构建包含碳排放的世代交叠模型(overlapping generations,OLG),发现老龄化主要通过消费效应和生产效应两个路径对碳排放产生影响;另一方面,从实证层面发现老龄化与碳排放之间存在倒"U"形关系,而且消费效应在人口老龄化与碳排放的关系中起到部分中介作用,生产效应的影响则不显著.     

城镇化对建筑业碳排放影响的门槛效应分析

对全国各省市建筑业碳排放进行核算,并由此分析建筑业碳排放与城镇化之间的非线性关系,发现:1.城镇化对建筑业碳排放的影响存在门槛效应,门槛估计值为y赞=4.036。门槛值左右两区间内建筑业碳排放对城镇化的弹性系数分别为0.0476与-0.0139,表明低水平城镇化使建筑业碳排放增加,而高水平城镇化则使其减少。2.城镇化对建筑业碳排放的影响存在显著的地区差异,中西部地区各省市城镇化促进了建筑业碳排放,而东部地区大多省市则抑制了建筑业碳排放。     

基于节能约束和能源结构调整的碳强度下降水平预测方法

模型模拟是预测碳排放的重要手段。从经济-能源-碳排放的宏观关系出发,通过解析碳强度影响因素,建立一套综合节能约束和能源结构调整的碳强度下降水平预测模型。以广东为例进行验证,笔者发现,能源结构调整比节能对碳强度下降的贡献更大,分别为1.377和0.067;模型预测与年度平均推算偏差在±5%以内,结果拟合度较高,模型预报预警碳强度下降水平的指导性较好,但模型及其参数对中长期碳排放情景的适应性还需收集更多样本数据进一步评估。     

基于GDIM法的中国民航运输业碳排放因素探讨

以2010—2018年中国民航运输业碳排放量作为研究对象,基于kaya恒等式模型,采用GDIM法将碳排放量分解为8个影响因素贡献值之和,将8个影响因素分为强度效应、规模效应以及效率效应进行分析。分析结果表明,规模效应有明显的碳排放促进作用,强度效应总体上有明显的碳排放抑制作用,效率效应既有促进作用,也有抑制作用。并基于分析结果,提出加快制定发展战略规划、提高民航运输效率、提高能源利用率与加强国际合作等建议。     

中国出口贸易隐含碳排放的影响因素研究

本文在投入产出模型的基础上,利用对数平均迪氏指数法对2006-2009年中国出口贸易隐含碳排放的影响因素进行结构分解分析,将其分为强度效应、结构效应、规模效应.结果表明:强度效应贡献率为112.33％,结构效应贡献率为4.14％,规模效应贡献率为- 16.47％.中国各行业碳排放强度的下降是碳排放减少的主要原因,高碳行业的出口比重下降有利于减少碳排放.中国应降低行业碳排放强度,改善出口商品结构.     

我国碳排放强度影响因素的实证分析

文章运用单位根、格兰杰因果检验和自向量回归模型,利用我国1980～2010年的样本数据,对我国的碳排放强度影响因素进行计量分析。研究发现:产业结构、技术进步、城市化和投资对碳排放强度具有长期影响,能源结构和人口规模变化对碳排放强度具有短期效应。碳排放强度的影响因素依重要程度排序为:产业结构、城市化、能源结构、技术进步。     

On the Major Transformation of the Asia-Pacific Regional Structure北大核心CSSCISSCI

Recent years have witnessedsignificant changes in the Asia-Pacific regionalstructure featuring the shift in power balance among related countries as well as adjust-ments in their respective regional strategies. So what is the prevailing trend in thistransformation and what kind of regional order will likely emerge in the future？ To an-swer these questions, the paper tries to explore the following dimensions： the evolvingregional context, shift in power balance and power conversion, geo-political and geo-e-conomic developments and interactions between them, and evolving regional order. Asthe study shows, the broadening of regional geographical scope, the rise in the numberof actors involved, as well as changesin the relations among them, have combined tocast a pluralistic and complex flavor to the regional structure. While the power balanceamong China, the United States and Japan shifts, and power conversion is also occur-ring. China and Japan are paying increasing attention to their security roles, whereasthe United States under the Obama administration laid more stress on expanding itsgeo-economic clout. In spite of the intensifying geopolitical competition among China,the United States and Japan in recent years, a Sino-US strategic compromise-whichholds the key to regional geopolitics-isother front, some kind of geo-economicmore likely to take place in the future. On thecooperation will probably emerge. In the longerterm, it will be the geo-economic trend thatwill prevail over the geopolitical trend inthe region. Finally, the future evolution of regional order wiI1 mainly follow the eco-nomic logic, accompanied by the dilutionof its hegemonic and hierarchical nature.Hence, a pluralistic and complex regional community will emerge.     

Organization and incentives in the age of sail

The British Navy in the age of sail was the most successful bureaucracy of its time. Its organization and incentive structures differed importantly from contemporaneous private sailing ventures, but closely resembled those of today’s large corporations. To induce efficient effort, the navy used a hierarchical tournament, in which sailors competed for higher pay that came with promotions based on relative performance. Promotion probabilities, the option value of future promotions, and the higher effort required of men in higher ranks and on larger vessels, combined to yield a highly skewed pay structure.     

The German Hanse and Bergen – new perspectives on an old subject

Abstract

The Hanseatic League and her kontors (trading posts) were an integral part of the medieval trade system in Northern Europe. Hanse merchants dominated many markets in this region and managed to maintain a monopoly-like role in towns like Novgorod and Bergen for many centuries. Consequently, one focus of historical research about the Hanseatic League lay on the mechanisms that enabled the Hanse merchants to keep that strong of a position for such a long time.

This article is part of the discussion about this topic. Based on Lübeck merchants with business interest in the Norwegian town of Bergen, the so-called Bergenfahrers (Bergen travellers), it will give new insights into the Hansards' economical and social organization. The three main points are (a) the integration of the Bergen market in the Hanseatic trade network as an intermediary trading place on the vivid East–West route of Hanse trade; (b) the importance of the Bergenfahrers within the Hanse merchants' economical, social and political networks; and (c) the structure of the Bergenfahrers network patterns in the late Middle Ages.

In addition to new insights into the important role of Bergen and the Bergenfahrers within Lübeck's and the other Wendish Hanse towns' trading system, this articles provides further proof for the usefulness of the methods of Social Network Analysis in medieval economic research.     

Financial Reporting and Trade Credit: Evidence from Mandatory IFRS Adoption*

We investigate the effect of mandatory IFRS adoption on trade credit. We document that firms in countries that adopt IFRS receive more trade credit from their suppliers, consistent with improved financial reporting quality and comparability playing a role in facilitating informal financing. This increase is larger for countries with a low level of societal trust, a poor pre‐IFRS‐adoption information environment, and stronger legal enforcement. These cross‐sectional results suggest that the conditions under which higher‐quality information is made publicly available affect suppliers' decisions to provide trade credit. This increase is also larger for firms with greater exposure to foreign markets, a finding that highlights the importance of more comparable international financial reporting standards in facilitating cross‐country trade credit. We also find that IFRS adoption has a stronger positive effect on trade credit for firms with greater liquidity needs. Finally, we find that firms in countries that adopt IFRS also extend more trade credit to their customers. Overall, our results support the notion that financial reporting can have a causal effect on trade credit.     

中俄经济技术合作面临新机遇

中俄在十年内把各自的GDP翻一番的目标,为发展中俄经济技术合作提供了机遇.仅仅依靠商品贸易的增长很难大幅度提升中俄经贸关系,需要全面开展经济技术合作,特别是加强在自然资源开发、跨国投资、军工技术和产品贸易领域的合作.     

Integrated educational management for the universities

The research model investigates the integrated form of educational management for the universities. To enhance the operations, generate quality outcomes for the well-being of the society, this exploratory study depicts the two wings for the universities in four aspects including education development, education assessment, research development and research assessment. For the better understanding of education and research wings of the universities, the researchers identify different factors namely programs establishments, university culture, faculty capabilities and facilities those have been formularized by the structural equation modeling （SEM） through AMOS. The survey questionnaire was developed and analyzed the reliability and validity of the tools. The conceptual model for the universities provides a novel approach for decision makers to review and appraise their performance toward fulfillment of ultimate goals, i.e. producing high-caliber graduates and high-impact research outcomes for the betterment of the society. This research represents two contributions to the society including human resource contribution and research contribution.     

INFRASTRUCTURE POLICY IN INDONESIA, 1965–2015: A SURVEY

This survey, first, provides an overview of the main developments in the infrastructure sector in Indonesia during the past five decades and, second, considers what the main policy and management bottlenecks in infrastructure appear to be. The overview of main developments indicates that, in broad terms, most parts of the sector have expanded considerably but that the needs remain acute for further expansion and for attention to the maintenance of existing facilities. Demand for infrastructure is high, especially since the regulated prices set for infrastructure services are often low. Access is often difficult, however, because of shortages of infrastructure, and quality is often unsatisfactory because of poor maintenance and indifferent management. These problems of access are exacerbated by the regulation of prices. This overview also points to the markedly different performances of industries in which pro-competitive policies have been applied and those in which more traditional policies of close regulation have restricted the operation of markets.