技术创新对浙江省制造业出口贸易影响的实证分析

浙江省是制造业出口大省,但目前出口的产品主要是依靠廉价劳动力而获得价格优势进行出口,在技术含量、品牌开发等方面比较落后。而技术创新是企业发展的驱动力,本文从技术创新投入和产出两个角度通过实证方法从行业层面来检验技术创新对浙江省出口贸易的影响,并对实证检验结果进行分析与解释。     

技术创新、生产效率和出口多样化与中国制造业出口竞争力

本文将出口质量指数纳入制造业出口竞争力的评价指标体系,基于中国海关数据库,利用熵权法估算了中国制造业细分行业的出口竞争力,并利用中国2000~2013年制造业行业面板数据研究了技术创新对中国制造业出口竞争力的影响,着重分析了其影响渠道。研究发现,在控制内生性和其他因素的影响后,技术创新对中国制造业出口竞争力有显著正向影响,进一步研究发现,技术创新通过行业生产效率和出口多样化影响出口竞争力提升。区分技术创新投入和产出后发现,行业技术创新产出对出口竞争力的影响依然显著。另外,动态模型的估计是最有效率的。区分不同类型的行业后发现,重型制造业、同质性制造业以及中等技术类型行业的技术创新显著促进行业出口竞争力提升。     

我国中药的现状与出口面临的形势与对策

中药是中华民族的宝贵资源。近年来,随着国际交流的不断扩大,中药以其独特的疗效,高安全性和低副作用在国际市场上占据了一席之地。文章总结了我国中药的出口现状;分析了现行我国中药出口面临的形势,分别为:文化差异、标准体系、国际竞争;结合工作经验,从"以医带药"促进中药出口、完善中药的相关标准、加强企业技术创新、鼓励出口的政策措施四个方面,浅谈我国中药的现状与出口面临的形势与对策。抛砖引玉,以期对今后的工作开展有所帮助。     

技术创新、贸易竞争优势与出口绩效的实证研究——以山东省为例

本文以山东省为例对技术创新与贸易竞争优势的产业分布与动态变迁进行实证研究,在此基础上使用出口绩效的不变弹性函数来分析技术创新对出口绩效改善的贡献。分析结果表明,技术创新的产业分布与贸易竞争优势基本吻合,滞后一期的技术创新与出口绩效显著正相关。与纺织、食品、家具等传统出口部门相比,汽车、化工等出口需求缺乏弹性的产业部门中较高的研发支出促进了产品品质的改善与新产品的创造,有效提升了产品的差异化竞争优势,改善了贸易条件与出口绩效。尽管如此,制成品出口的技术结构并未显著提高,垂直专业化分工与垂直产业内贸易仍是资本技术密集型产业参与国际分工与贸易的主要形式。     

异质技术创新对数字贸易出口竞争力的门槛效应研究

技术创新是提高数字贸易出口竞争力的有效路径,而技术创新对数字贸易出口竞争力的影响具有异质性。基于2006—2020年世界28个主要经济体的相关数据,采用固定面板和门槛面板模型,依次检验低端、中端、高端技术创新对数字贸易出口竞争力的影响机制,实证结果显示:低端创新抑制数字贸易出口竞争力;中端、高端创新促进数字贸易出口竞争力,且创新水平越高正向效应越显著;低端、中端创新水平下人力资本水平越高正向效应越显著;高端技术创新与数字贸易出口优势之间存在人力资本为门槛变量的“U”型关系。     

中国出口企业“生产率之谜”研究进展与启示

近期的经验研究发现中国出口企业的生产率低于非出口企业。由于与经典异质性企业贸易模型的主要预测不一致,这一经验事实被称为"生产率之谜"。中国出口企业"生产率之谜"是目前学术界关注的热点之一。文章通过回顾国内外现有研究"生产率之谜"的理论和经验文献,梳理了文献在研究时间和研究议题上的逻辑关系,比较了文献在研究方法和研究结论等方面的异同,并尝试性地提出未来的研究思路。     

出口的技术反推机制存在吗——来自中国的证据

大量文献研究了技术对出口的作用,而研究出口对技术作用的文献稀缺,本文针对出口的技术反推机制,探究出口反过来对出口企业技术的作用情况.首先进行理论梳理,出口的技术反推机制可能存在也可能不存在.其次使用中国工业企业统计数据进行实证检验,发现总样本以及国有、集体、独立法人、私人所有和外商企业出口对技术创新的作用存在着完整的倒U型关系,表明它们的出口在达到阀值之前存在着显著的技术反推机制,超过阀值之后则减弱技术创新;但港澳台企业出口的技术反推机制始终不存在.本文还进一步估算了总样本、国有、集体、独立法人、私人所有和外商企业的出口比重阀值,分别为35.54％、44.68％、45.74％、45.92％、44.54％和34.31％.目前国有、集体、独立法人和私人所有企业的平均出口比重大幅度低于各自的阀值,它们的出口能显著地推动技术创新.     

技术创新与出口行为差异:基于Bootstrap技术进步指数的分析

利用2001-2006年通用设备制造业等六个行业的数据,本文以bootstrap技术进步指数度量技术创新,考察对中国企业出口行为的影响。多元logit回归结果显示,相对于不出口,技术创新对企业持续出口、间断出口和新出口均有促进作用。相对于间断出口,技术创新提高企业持续出口的概率。这一结果在各种稳健性检验中没有变化。对技术创新边际效应的估算表明,技术进步指数每上升一个单位,可提高企业持续出口的概率2.5%。     

企业出口市场的选择:一个文献综述

贸易矩阵中大量零贸易点的存在引发了学者对企业出口市场选择的特别关注。出口市场多元化作为出口多样化的一个维度,探索其背后的原理、机制和影响因素对于分散企业出口风险以及理解贸易增长的微观异质性力量和福利含义具有重要的指导意义。从企业出口市场选择的理论解释、空间模式和影响因素三个方面对相关文献进行归纳与总结,在此基础上,指出现有研究的局限并从中发掘未来的研究方向。     

Industry Heterogeneity of Technology Innovation of Export Firm in China： Empirical Evidence from Listed Firms

技术创新是出口企业提高国际竞争力的重要战略,而技术创新的关键在于对其特性和形成原因的科学把握。本文利用高技术制造业、非高技术制造业、采掘业和建筑业出口上市企业数据,在出口企业技术创新理论分析的基础上,运用多元统计和面板数据模型,研究了中国出口企业技术创新差异性。研究发现,中国出口企业技术创新具有明显的行业差异性;研发资本投入、研发人力投入、企业冗余资源、技术装备程度、国有股权比例、股权集中度和企业出口额对出口企业技术创新产出的作用也具有行业差异性。本文的研究结果可为中国出口企业针对本行业特性科学地做出技术创新决策提供参考。     

Innovation and export performance of emerging market enterprises: The roles of state and foreign ownership in China

This article examines the role of ownership for the relationship between innovation and exports. Analyzing a large firm-level data set on Chinese manufacturing firms during 2000–2007, we find that state ownership has a positive moderating effect on the innovation–export relationship. We ascribe this effect to state-owned firms’ privileged access to complementary resources and networks that strengthen their ability to use innovation to generate exports. In contrast to many earlier studies, we also find that foreign ownership has a negative moderating effect. One likely reason is that indicators of local innovation do not reflect the flows of knowledge between foreign-owned firms and their parent companies. This finding highlights the fact that innovation and production may be geographically separated within multinational enterprises. A policy implication of the analysis is that public support to innovation is likely to have stronger effects on exports when it targets firms that carry out most of their activities in domestic market.     

Organizational innovation,technological innovation,and export performance: The effects of innovation radicalness and extensiveness

This study focuses on the relevance of different types of innovation for firms’ export performance. Despite ample research on the innovation–performance relationship, previous studies have mainly focused on technological innovations, leaving the effects of organizational innovations relatively unexplored. Hypotheses on the relationship between organizational and technological innovations and firm export performance are tested by structural equation modelling using data from 218 Swedish export ventures. The results indicate that organizational innovation enhances export performance both directly and indirectly by sustaining technological innovation. Moreover, by fine-graining our analysis of the mediating role of technological innovation, according to its radicalness and extensiveness, for organizational innovation, we show how the latter enhances both the radicalness and extensiveness of technological innovation although, notably, only extensiveness is actually beneficial for export performance. This study helps alleviate the scarcity of research examining the links among different types of innovation in relation to export performance and contributes to international business and marketing literature by generating new evidence regarding the mechanisms through which organizational and technological innovations may improve export performance.     

Innovation and survival of exporters: A contingency perspective

We challenge the traditional view that innovations always help exporters prosper in competitive international market, by developing and testing the premise that the relationship between innovation and export performance is contingent on some important firm-specific idiosyncrasies. With a large dataset of Chinese firms, the empirical results demonstrate that innovation could be detrimental to exporter survival. Such negative effect is more pronounced for firms that have weak profitability and high outstanding receivables, and also for those without foreign ownership. Nonetheless, we also observe a positive relationship between innovation and survival in highly profitable exporters. By identifying the negative rather than conventionally assumed positive effect of innovation, and the conditions under which innovation facilitates or impedes exporter survival, this paper contributes to the literature on the relationship between innovation and export in the context of emerging markets. Our findings have important implications for how managers develop innovation strategy to compete in the export market.     

我国出口企业非理性行为的现实表现与改造

在分析我国出口企业非理性经营行为现实表现及其危害性的基础上,运用实验经济学的相关理论对我国出口企业非理性决策行为进行了一般性分析,进而提出我国应建立出口企业“创新补偿机制”,提高出口企业对未来利益的重视程度,完善出口企业产权制度建设,实现其经营行为长期化等极具针对性和可操作性的现实对策。     

跨国外包体系下技术创新的出口效应——基于浙江省制造企业问卷调查数据的实证研究

本文运用浙江省制造企业调查问卷数据,实证检验了技术创新的出口效应。研究发现,技术创新对企业出口行为存在正面影响:技术创新强度越高,企业的出口倾向和出口强度越高。基于我国处于跨国外包生产体系之中,本文还研究了跨国外包、技术创新与出口之间的关系。研究发现跨国外包不仅直接推动了我国出口扩张,而且还通过促进技术创新间接地激励企业出口。本文的政策含义在于:我国本土企业应加强技术创新,保持出口持续扩张的态势,摆脱对跨国公司及其外包订单的依赖。     

我国环境管制出口效应的实证研究

本文分别从出口成本效应和出口创新效应两方面对我国环境管制的出口效应进行了实证检验。结果表明:环境管制相对力度与出口相对竞争力存在着长期协整关系,前者对后者有显著性负向影响,环境管制的出口成本效应成立;我国环境管制力度对出口有显著性正向影响,环境管制的出口创新效应也成立。因此,即使在我国出口由于世界经济衰退而暂时受阻的情况下,我国也不应放松环境管制。     

加入WTO后促进企业出口的财税对策

财税政策在促进企业的出口方面一直发挥着重要的作用.加入WTO后,制定政策的制度环境发生了变化.本文考察了与企业出口有关的五个方面.它们分别是:反倾销、出口退税、开拓国际市场、研发与技术创新,及绿色贸易等.对每一个方面,我们在分析其现状、国际经验和WTO规则的基础上提出了相应的财税政策建议.     

Innovation capacity,international experience and export performance of SMEs in Brazil

Innovation capacity and international experience are factors often related to the internationalisation process of firms, with export activities as the first stage of the process. However, firms from emerging countries seem to show advantages and follow patterns of international expansion that may differ from firms based in developed countries, where the internationalisation models were created. Specifically, exporting firms from emerging countries tend to have limited resources, especially small firms (e.g., for investing in R&D). Despite these facts, the literature on export performance seems biased towards recommending firms to enhance, above all, their innovation capacity in order to achieve better export performance, while little attention is paid to international experience as a factor that is as important as innovation. In this context, the objective of this study is to investigate the impact of innovation capacity and international experience on the export performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) located in an emerging country and to identify which factor is more significant. The Resource-Based View and Dynamic Capabilities approach were used as theoretical frameworks. A research model was developed and tested on a significant sample of Brazilian industrial SMEs. The data were analysed through partial least squares structural equation modelling. The results indicate that international experience has a greater impact on export performance than innovation capacity, showing that there is possibility of overemphasising the role of innovation in the export performance of SMEs, at least, in the Brazilian context.     

出口贸易与自主创新——基于我国制造业企业的实证研究

本文从出口贸易与自主创新的视角,对出口是否促进了我国本土制造业企业的自主创新进行了系统考察,并提出了理论假设。借助于1999-2003年和2005-2007年间我国制造业企业的微观数据,采用Tobit模型,就我国制造业企业的出口行为是否具有"出口中学习"、是否具有促进企业自主创新的作用效应进行了实证检验,为转型时期出口导向发展战略能否促进我国经济可持续增长提供了一个可供识别的微观基础。研究发现在样本观察期内,企业的出口行为会对其自主创新活动产生复杂的影响。其中,企业规模是影响效果的关键因素,规模越大的企业出口的促进作用越明显,越小的企业出口反而具有抑制作用。同时,2005年以来的出口贸易政策的调整对自主创新具有积极的推动作用。更进一步,按产业特性对比研究两个样本期内企业出口行为,发现不同产品特性的产业出口与自主创新关系存在显著差异,这就为从更深入角度全面考察企业出口与自主创新之间可能具有的复杂相互关系。     

我国自主创新能力对出口贸易的影响研究——基于专利授权量的实证

通过构建一个包括国内、国外专利授权量的分析框架,利用1993-2006年的统计数据,实证检验了国内专利授权量和国外专利授权量对我国出口贸易的不同影响。结论认为,来自国外的技术创新显著地促进了我国出口贸易的发展,而我国自主创新能力对出口贸易的影响不显著,最后提出了相关的政策建议。