乳及乳制品加工的技术优化

将国外乳制品工业的先进技术和设备与我国乳及乳制品加工的实际情况相结合，通过对乳及乳制品特性的认真分析和相关指标的精心比选，从而实现了工艺流程、工艺设备及工艺管道的优化。     

信息平台

澳大利亚制定有关乳制品的初级生产及加工标准评估草案日前,澳大利亚澳新食品标准局(FSANZ)宣布制定了第P296号草案的评估草案--乳制品的初级生产及加工标准。乳制品初级生产及加工的评估草案报告包括:乳及乳制品安全性的科学评估,乳及乳制品安全的可选管理方式,以及拟纳入澳新     

乳及乳制品中脂肪的测定方法探讨

社会经济的不断发展和科学技术日益更新,对食品安全提出了新的要求,对乳及乳制品中脂肪的测定方法也提出了严格要求。乳及乳制品中脂肪的含量要控制在合理范围内,否则就会使脂肪含量过高,继而给民众健康带来诸多负面影响。所以,乳及乳制品中脂肪的测定方法要不断更新、与时俱进,保障食品安全。坚持以人为本,使科学发展观的理念落到实处。基于此,本文将对乳及乳制品中的脂肪测定方法进行探讨,并提出科一些措施,以期为食品安全提供科学保证。     

嗜冷菌产生的耐热性脂肪酶对液态奶品质的影响

嗜冷菌产生的耐热性脂肪酶是引起乳及乳制品质量缺陷的主要原因之一.大多数嗜冷菌产生的脂肪酶具有非常高的耐热性,即使经过巴氏处理后仍然能够存活.残留的脂肪酶能分解脂肪产生游离的脂肪酸,导致乳及乳制品的风味劣化.通过检测脂肪酶的活性可以达到预测、控制原料乳和乳制品的质量.     

浅论乳及乳制品的品质检验

乳与乳制品是营养丰富、容易消化吸收的食品。其品种有消毒乳、酸牛乳、全脂无糖炼乳(淡炼乳)、全脂加糖炼乳(甜炼乳)、全脂乳粉、脱脂乳粉、奶油、稀奶油、硬质干酪等。在乳与乳制品的生产过程中,需要分离和鉴定与生产有关的细菌,也需要分离和鉴定病原菌以及与卫生学有关的细菌。本文从多个方面入手,论述了乳及乳制品的品质检验方法,并在最后对乳及乳制品检验后的食用原则进行了分析,以期为行业内的相关人员提供一定的借鉴和参考。     

浅析乳品变质与微生物污染

我国乳及乳制品消费量逐年增加,但由腐败变质引起的损失巨大。基于此,针对乳品腐败变质的问题,综述微生物污染对乳及乳制品的影响,并对其原因进行分析。     

乳制品质量安全违规行为监管体系研究

乳制品质量安全违规行为存在于乳制品供应链中的原料乳供应环节、乳制品加工环节和乳制品流通环节。其内在原因是为追求自身利益而丧失职业道德,外在原因在于市场失灵和监管失效。在乳制品供应链中,应着重考虑原料乳供应环节和乳制品加工环节的违规行为,乳制品质量安全违规行为监管体系可由政府及其监管部门、行业协会和乳制品加工企业共同组成。政府监管部门应按照全国统一领导、地方政府负责、部门指导协调、分段监管为主、品种监管为辅等原则进行监管;行业协会可以对乳制品质量安全违规者进行调查和惩处;政府作为外部力量应对行业协会进行行为约束;乳制品加工企业应对其原料乳供应者的行为实行监管,以约束上游原料乳供应者的违规行为。     

乳业市场持续高增长

在食品制造业这一传统的产业中,液体乳及乳品行业以其潜在的巨大市场空间和良好的成长性被誉为食品制造业中的朝阳产业。1999～2002年,液体乳及乳制品制造业产品销售收入年均增长30.2％,利润总额年均增长323.7％,比同期工业总销售收入和利润的增幅分别高16.3和283.5个百分点;而比同期食品制造业的销售收入和利润的增长幅度分别高17.5和254.4个百分点。今年1～7月,液体乳及乳制品制造业实现销售收入254.87亿元,同比增长37.7％,占食品制造业销售收入的比重达到了22.6％,成为食品制造业中最大的行业。从行业效益和成长性看,液体乳及乳制品制造业明显优于食品制造业中的其他6个行业。     

植物乳杆菌LP-ONLLY在发酵乳制品中的应用研究

为评估植物乳杆菌LP-ONLLY用于生产具有高益生菌活菌和高稳定性能的发酵乳制品的可行性,本研究测定了其酶活和凝乳能力,制备了益生菌酸奶、活性发酵乳和发酵乳饮料并评估了保存稳定性.结果表明,植物乳杆菌LP-ONLLY应用于益生菌酸奶、活性发酵乳以及发酵乳饮料时,均具有风味良好、后酸控制较好、高活菌稳定性的特点.该菌株作为益生菌,其活菌及代谢产物具有多种保健功能,开发发酵乳制品将具有良好的市场前景和经济效益.     

直物乳杆菌LP-ONLLY在发酵乳制品中的应用研究

为评估植物乳杆菌LP-ONLLY用于生产具有高益生茵活茵和高稳定性能的发酵乳制品的可行性,本研究测定了其酶活和凝乳能力,制备了益生茵酸奶、活性发酵乳和发酵乳饮料并评估了保存稳定性。结果表明,植物乳杆菌LP-ONLLY应用于益生茵酸奶、活性发酵乳以及发酵乳饮料时,均具有风味良好、后酸控制较好、高活茵稳定性的特点。该菌株作为益生茵,其活菌及代谢产物具有多种保健功能,开发发酵乳制品将具有良好的市场前景和经济效益。     

Organisational form and industry emergence: Nonprofit and mutual firms in the development of the US personal finance industry

Economic theories of commercial nonprofits and mutuals usually emphasise the advantages of such organisational forms in reducing agency and monitoring costs in markets that suffer from information asymmetries in exchanges between firms and their customers. This article examines the ability of such transaction cost theories to account for historical variations in the ownership and governance of firms in the US personal finance industry between the early nineteenth century and the Great Depression. It focuses, in particular, on mutual savings banks and their role in the development of the intermediated market for savings accounts. While I find some evidence in support of transaction cost theories of organisational form, I also find that entrepreneurial and socio-political factors played crucial roles in the choice of ownership and governance structures; mutual savings banks predominated in the early years of the industry because the form offered entrepreneurial advantages over investor-owned corporations and because in some states they benefitted from regulatory and political advantages that joint-stock companies lacked. Their relative decline by the early twentieth century was the result of increasing competition in the market for savings deposits, the loosening of regulatory barriers to entry, and changes in public policy that reduced the transaction, innovation and regulatory advantages that the mutual savings bank form had once held. The article draws out the theoretical implications for our understanding of the historical role of nonprofit and mutual firms.     

利益相关者管理理论研究的主导逻辑与议题框架：基于Web of Science核心数据库的研究

企业竞争优势越来越依赖其所处的利益相关者之间的资源、权利及其关系,但现有的利益相关者管理理论研究视角各异,缺乏系统梳理。以文本分析方法为基础,基于Web of Science核心数据库的文献,系统论述了利益相关者研究的知识演进研究逻辑和主要议题框架。研究发现：从管理学视角看,利益相关者管理理论研究主要遵循“个体关系网络”的逻辑演进,并以相应的知识图谱聚类展开。利用重点文献对利益相关者研究的知识演进分析,进一步发现利益相关者管理理论的议题框架可分为利益相关者管理理论研究重要性、研究逻辑与主题、研究方法与机理研究;根据主体属性及个体、关系到网络的研究逻辑,需要分别从主体、关系和网络三个方面解决好利益相关者主体的个体属性、关系与网络的整体属性的割裂状态。     

An Exploration of the Advertising Ambitions and Strategies of the 2001 British General Election

This paper reports on one element of our wider study investigating the 2001 British General Election national advertising, and the attitudes and perceptions of the young British electorate to the campaigns. The discussion presented here explores the strategies and ambitions of the Conservative, Labour and Liberal Democrats' 2001 national advertising campaigns. Our analysis is based on indepth interviews with key members of the three parties advertising agencies; content analysis of the national posters, press and party election broadcasts; and secondary source information e.g. coverage in the marketing and advertising press, newspaper, radio and TV reporting. A number of issues emerge including the key role of the advertising in agenda setting and agenda control, evidence of media misrepresentation of the central advertising themes, the poor use of the Internet, and the rather limited ambitions for the advertising itself.     

Evaluating Stakeholder Theory

This paper is the third in a series of four that is directed at understanding and assessing stakeholder theory for the purposes of business ethics. It addresses the suitability and viability of the theory, rejecting objections of a moral and efficiency sort based (respectively) on claims about property rights and the economic superiority of the alternative stockholder approach, but accepting that implementation problems require limiting both the number of groupings admitted to stakeholder status and the degree of responsibility towards them. The conclusion looks forward to the construction of a suitably limited version of the stakeholder approach in a fourth paper drawing upon this one and the previous two.John Kaler teachers at the University of Plymonth Business School. He is the co-author of An Introduction to Business Ethics (Chapman and Hall, 1993; ITP, 1996) and Essentials of Business Ethics (McGraw-Hill, 1996), and co-editor of the ‘Teaching Business Ethics’ website hosted by the Institute of Business Ethics.     

从物流管理的角度看工程项目成本控制

随着现代技术的迅猛发展,物流业作为现代经济的重要组成部分和工业化进程中最为经济合理的服务模式,并作为企业经营的基本职能,实施系统化、现代化的科学管理而在全球范围内迅速发展。在国际上,物流产业被认为是国民经济发展的动脉和基础产业,其发展程度是衡量一个国家现代化程度和综合国力的重要标志,也是降低物流成本,提高流通速度的重要利润源泉。     

论旅游产品设计与开发的原则

为避免旅游产品开发的盲目性、随意性 ,很有必要探讨旅游产品设计与开发的原则问题。旅游产品设计与开发应遵循 :市场导向 ,适应需求的原则 ;符合美学要求的原则 ;注重特色 ,突出主题的原则 ;塑造形象 ,引导消费的原则 ;系统开发 ,协调发展的原则 ;可持续发展的原则。     

零售数字化创新与企业竞争力——基于利益相关者视角的实证研究

数字技术发展和新冠肺炎疫情突发推动商业社会与消费者行为发生深刻的变化,加速了企业数字化创新与变革的进程。文章基于核心利益相关者视角和企业零售创新实践,构建了综合性的零售数字化创新评价指标体系,并利用主要从事零售活动的上市公司数据实证检验了零售数字化创新与企业竞争力之间的关系。研究发现：零售数字化创新对企业竞争力的影响具有多维度和阶段性特征,尽管数字化创新的绩效利得在短期内并不明显,但聚焦不同维度的零售数字化创新能够有效地推进企业的能力建设：如面向供应商的采购能力和面向消费者的获客能力。文章不仅有助于揭示企业数字化创新效果的作用逻辑,厘清企业数字化创新的必要性和有效性,更能启发行业以更加审慎、理性的态度以及多元化的评判标准实施数字化创新战略。     

The role of trust in the relationship between consumers,producers and retailers of organic food: A sector-based approach

Given current environmental concerns, the organic food market is an important issue in terms of sustainability. The consolidation of this market is based on trust. Many consumers rely on partial information to assess the quality of organic food and cannot determine its authenticity with certainty. They are led to trust the actors of the organic food chain and the government. In addition, numerous industrial and sanitary scandals have highlighted the need for the actors of the sector to establish relationships based on trust and transparency in order to guarantee the traceability of products and to protect the health of consumers. This research examines the impact of trust and confidence in producers and retailers on the intention to purchase organic food. To address this research issue, we conducted an online questionnaire survey of 316 organic food consumers in France. The results show the central role of quality as a strategy for building and maintaining trust with producers and retailers. They show for the first time the positive impact of trust in producers on trust in retailers. The results of this research allow us to provide advice to growers and retailers to maintain trust and promote purchase intent.     

中国文化情景下组织内创造力的多层面精神性动力机制研究

精神性的觉醒和焕发往往带来创造力的迸发，但其动力机制尚待探索。整合变革应对理论、精神性理论和创造力理论提出包含中国传统精神性的多层面变革应对框架，在此框架下研究组织内创造力的多层面精神性动力机制。具体包括四个子研究：一是探讨员工创造力的精神性动力因素及其动力机制；二是探讨团队创造力的精神性动力因素及其动力机制；三是探讨组织创造力的精神性动力因素及其动力机制；四是探讨组织内创造力的精神性动力的纵向传导机制，即企业创始人精神型领导的垂滴效应。本研究揭示了组织内创造力激发的多层面精神性源泉及其动力机理，拓宽了组织内创造力多层面产生的理论基础和研究视角，为基于精神性激活组织内创造力提供了理论借鉴。