知识产权保护对我国进口贸易的影响研究——来自中国省区的面板数据分析

站在发展中国家的角度来研究知识产权(IPR)保护水平如何影响其进口,在现有文献的基础上进一步改进"执法力度"衡量指标,以更好地衡量知识产权实际保护水平;基于中国省区1997年-2008年期间的高新技术产品和非高新技术产品进口的面板数据,实证研究IPR保护水平等因素如何影响我国进口。结果发现,中国省区进口与IPR保护之间的关系成正U型,从保护国内消费者和总体福利及促进国内创新的角度而言,我们应该继续加强知识产权保护,这样有利于贸易结构平衡。     

进口产品质量、来源国特征与性别工资差距

研究目标：本文将来源国特征纳入分析框架,考察进口产品质量对企业性别工资差距的影响。研究方法：利用内生化的企业进口决策和工资支付决策重新测算进口产品质量和企业性别工资差距,并利用2SLS方法进行实证分析。研究发现：进口产品质量提升显著扩大了企业性别工资差距;政治关系和经贸关系的改善,有助于降低进口企业性别工资差距,但进口产品质量分别与二者的交互作用则会在一定程度上扩大性别工资差距。研究创新：在研究进口产品质量对企业性别工资差距的影响过程中,创造性地引入来源国特征因素,并从经济发展水平、与我国的经贸关系及与我国的政治关系等角度进行全面考察。研究价值：对重新审视我国的产品质量提升政策和进口市场多元化战略具有重要启示。     

服务贸易进口是否带来国外R&D溢出效应

本文运用90个国家1998~2007年的面板数据研究不同要素密集型服务贸易进口的国外R&D溢出效应,研究发现,只有高强度的国内R&D投入才能显著促进全要素生产率、技术效率提升以及技术进步,不断完善的知识产权保护制度有助于强化这种作用;劳动密集型、资本密集型服务贸易进口无助于进口国全要素生产率、技术效率提升和技术进步,不断完善的知识产权保护制度也难以改变这种状况;技术与知识密集型服务贸易进口通过国外R&D溢出效应显著促进了全要素生产率、技术效率提升以及技术进步。     

进口贸易与经济增长——基于北京市的实证分析

本文分别利用2001—2014年的时间序列数据和行业面板数据,从宏观、行业两个视角出发,针对进口贸易对北京市经济增长的促进作用进行实证分析。研究结果表明：不管是从宏观视角,还是从行业视角,进口贸易对北京市经济增长的促进作用都是正效应;从行业视角来看,进口贸易对劳动密集型行业、资本密集型行业经济增长的促进作用都是显著的正效应。因此,北京市政府应该积极鼓励各类企业特别是民营企业扩大进口贸易,进一步扩大先进生产设备、高新技术产品的进口规模,利用贸易的技术溢出效应优化产业结构,改善国内的生产条件,提高生产效率,进而促进北京地区的经济增长。     

FDI过程中关税、专利保护强度的最优化问题

本文基于Vishwasrao等人(2005)、黄静波和孙晓琴(2008)的两个模型,探讨了在引入对于发展中国家自主创新能力和专利保护强度的度量后南方国家福利的优化问题;论述了关税、专利保护强度的设定和进口产品技术含量之间的关系;证明了当发生技术进步时,南方国家的福利变化取决于本国的自主创新能力。     

高科技企业进口技术设备有优惠

据外经贸部副部长龙永图透露,我国即将出台有关国内高新技术企业引进关键技术、设备时享受免税等优惠政策的规定。龙永图说,国内投资项目只要符合《当前国家重点鼓励发展的产业、产品和技术目录》,其投资总额内进口的自用设备,除《国内投资项目不予免税进口商品目录》所列商品外,均免征关税和进口环节增值税。为了促进国内高新技术产业的发展,国家已决定,增加光纤和卫星通讯、核电站、微电子、干线飞机制造和航天技术等高新技术和关键技术设备的进口。目前,国内高新技术企业尚不能像外商投资项目那样,在进口国内不能生产的设备和技…     

不应取消或降低奢侈品进口消费税

中国财政部财政科学研究所副所长刘尚希近日表示:不应取消或降低奢侈品进口消费税。对进口奢侈品征消费税,也就是对富人征税,无疑有利于社会公平,不但不应降低,相反地应该提高。中国要扩大内需,指向的是国内产品,而不是进口产品。如果扩大对进口产品的消费需求,那将损害国内企业在国内市场的竞争力,导致国内企业要么倒闭,要么更严重地依赖于外部市场,     

进口如何影响了文化贸易联系持续期

如何看待一国进口对于贸易联系持续期的影响效应？与以往对贸易联系持续期的分析多聚焦在出口目的国等宏观层面,本文基于微观产品层面视角,采用负二项分布等多种估计模型,对文化产品进口的影响效应进行了实证分析。本文发现,进口对于文化产品的贸易联系持续期具有一定的促进效应,并且这种影响效应显著存在于贸易持续期较短的样本,即进口能够提升出口商的“学习效应”,降低文化出口的生存风险。同样,较低的出口价格、较高的初始贸易额对于贸易联系持续期的稳定也具有一定的正向影响。本文多种稳健性估计结果均验证了上述结论。因此,要审慎认识和把握文化产品进口对于贸易平稳发展的重要意义,适时调整文化贸易政策,这可能有利于中国文化贸易国际竞争力的提升。     

不识“金山”真面目——从专利申请状况看我国高新技术流失的情况及原因

在全世界170多个国家和地区实行了专利制度,专利保护为世界各国日益重视的今天,能够用技术秘密的方式保护的高新技术是很少很少的。要对高新技术取得比较充分有效的保护,必须运用专利保护手段。否则,即使是自己研究出来的高新技术,最终同样会因没     

中国对美国高科技产品出口增长因素分解——基于恒定市场份额模型的分析

本文选取了1996-2016年中国对美国高科技产品出口数据,采用了恒定市场份额模型,实证分析了中国对美国高科技产品出口的增长因素。研究结果表明:自1996年以来,中国对美国出口高科技产品的竞争力效应不断下降,而结构效应不断上升;中国对美国高科技产品出口的增加主要依赖于美国进口需求规模的增加,而我国出口产品种类与美国进口增速较快的种类契合程度并不高;我国高科技产品的整体竞争力依然不强,只有部分产品的竞争能力获得了较大提高。为促进高科技产品的出口增长,本文提出及时调整出口结构以适应市场需求变化,提高高科技产品的竞争力和增加研发投入及完善专利保护制度等政策建议。     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

The Early History of the Cumulants and the Gram-Charlier Series

The early history of the Gram-Charlier series is discussed from three points of view: (1) a generalization of Laplace's central limit theorem, (2) a least squares approximation to a continuous function by means of Chebyshev-Hermite polynomials, (3) a generalization of Gauss's normal distribution to a system of skew distributions. Thiele defined the cumulants in terms of the moments, first by a recursion formula and later by an expansion of the logarithm of the moment generating function. He devised a differential operator which adjusts any cumulant to a desired value. His little known 1899 paper in Danish on the properties of the cumulants is translated into English in the Appendix.     

Capturing the Implications of Services Trade Liberalization

This paper evaluates the impact of service sector trade liberalization on the world economy by a ten-region, eleven-sector CGE model with import embodied technology transfer from developed countries to developing countries. Simulation results show that service sector trade liberalization not only directly affects world service production and trade, but also has significant implications for other sectors in the economy. The major channel of the impact is through inter-industry input-output relations and TFP growth induced from services imported by developing countries from developed countries, which may be embodied with new information and advanced technology.